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Game theory can be utilized as a basis for the modelling of the political economy and agricultural economics. The game theory can also be utilized for the analysis of complex household and organizations in commercial agriculture. The application of game theory to the New International Trade Theory (NITT) in connection with the New Growth Theory led to the formation of a more comprehensive framework or model for the NITT.

Industrialization based on import substitution has negative effects. A primary effect is the shift of resources to home good production, which generates an artificial decrease in in agricultural good production. In addition, a concentrated and capital intensive structure is developed by protecting the import-competing industrial sector. Government intervention has also been shown to have a negative impact on market margins.