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Background: We report long-term safety and immunogenicity of Takeda's tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003) in healthy children and adults living in dengue-endemic areas in Puerto Rico, Columbia, Singapore, and Thailand., Methods: In part 1 of this phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial we sequentially enrolled 1.5-45 year olds (n = 148) into 4 age-descending groups, randomized 2:1 to receive 2 doses of TAK-003 or placebo 90 days apart. In part 2, 1-11 year olds (n = 212) were enrolled and randomized 3:1 to TAK-003 or placebo groups. We assessed neutralizing antibody titers for the 4 dengue serotypes (DENV) up to month 36 in part 1, and symptomatic dengue and serious adverse events (SAEs) up to month 36 in both parts., Results: At month 36, seropositivity rates were 97.3%, 98.7%, 88.0% and 56.0% for DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4, respectively. Seropositivity rates varied significantly for DENV-4 according to serostatus at baseline (89.5% in seropositives versus 21.6% in seronegatives). No vaccine-related SAEs were reported., Conclusions: The trial demonstrated persistence of neutralizing antibody titers against TAK-003 over 3 years in children and adults living in dengue-endemic countries, with limited contribution from natural infection. TAK-003 was well tolerated., Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01511250., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Background: A safe, effective tetravalent dengue vaccine is a global health priority. The safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated, recombinant tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TDV) were evaluated in healthy volunteers from dengue-endemic countries., Methods: This multicenter, double-blind, phase 2 study was conducted in Puerto Rico, Colombia, Singapore, and Thailand. During stage I, 148 volunteers aged 1.5-45 years were sequentially enrolled into 4 age-descending groups and randomized at a ratio of 2:1 to receive TDV or placebo. In stage II (group 5), 212 children aged 1.5-11 years were randomized at a ratio of 3:1 to receive TDV or placebo. Participants received a subcutaneous injection of TDV or placebo on days 0 and 90 and were followed for analysis of safety, seropositivity, and neutralizing antibodies to DENV-1-4., Results: Injection site pain, itching, and erythema (mostly mild) were the only solicited adverse events more frequently reported with TDV than with placebo in all age groups. After 2 TDV doses, seropositivity was >95% in all 5 groups for DENV-1-3 and 72.7%-100% for DENV-4; geometric mean titers ranged from 582 to 1187 for DENV-1, from 582 to 1187 for DENV-2, from 196 to 630 for DENV-3, and from 41 to 210 for DENV-4 among the 5 groups., Conclusions: TDV was well tolerated and immunogenic in volunteers aged 1.5-45 years, irrespective of prevaccination dengue exposure., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mailjournals.permissions@oup.com.)

Context: Meta-analyses of clinical studies have suggested an increased incidence of peripheral fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking pioglitazone. The mechanism behind this apparent increase is unknown., Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effects of pioglitazone on bone mineral density (BMD) and turnover., Design and Setting: Twenty-five sites (in the United States) enrolled participants in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study., Participants: Postmenopausal women (n = 156) with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance participated in the study., Interventions: The intervention consisted of pioglitazone 30 mg/d (n = 78) or placebo (n = 78), increased to 45 mg/d after 1 month, for 12 months of treatment total, followed by 6 months of washout/follow-up., Main Outcome Measures: Percentage changes from baseline to month 12 and from month 12 to month18 in BMD in total proximal femur (primary end point), total body, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and radius were measured., Results: Least squares mean changes from baseline to month 12 in total proximal femur BMD were -0.69% for pioglitazone and -0.14% for placebo (P = .170). No statistically significant between-group differences were observed for any BMD or bone remodeling marker end point. We observed improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity with pioglitazone treatment. In addition, pioglitazone appeared to increase body fat, which may affect bone density measurements, especially in the lumbar spine. One pioglitazone-treated and three placebo-treated women experienced confirmed fractures. Over 18 months, one pioglitazone-treated (1.3%) and eight placebo-treated women (10.3%) developed overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pattern and incidence of adverse events with pioglitazone were consistent with clinical experience with thiazolidinediones., Conclusions: Maximal-dose pioglitazone had no effects on BMD or bone turnover, while improving glycemic control as expected, in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.