Search

Anthraquinones exhibit a significant group of natural and synthetic quinone derivatives because of their biological activities and industrial applications. Rhamnaceae is one of the families known to contain different kinds of anthraquinones. In this study, it was aimed to quantify rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in fruits of Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. & Balansa belonging to Rhamnaceae by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The anthraquinones were separated using a C18 analytical column. Gradient elution was performed using a mobile phase consisted of 0.1% o-phosphoric acid solution and methanol. Analytes were detected at 254 nm. Calibration curves were prepared in the range of 0.25-5.00 μg/mL for rhein, chrysophanol, physcion, 1.00-50.00 μg/mL for emodin. Limits of detection and quantification were between 0.07-0.11 and 0.20-0.34 μg/mL, respectively. Relative standard deviations were ≤ 5.78% in repeatability and intermediate precision studies. Accuracy was determined as relative mean error (8.17-12.06%). Extraction was achieved by maceration with acetone and ethanol, followed by hydrophilic-lipophilic balance solid phase extraction. Recoveries were between 96.2 and 109.6%. The developed and validated method was successfully performed to quantify rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in R. petiolaris fruit extracts. Only physcion was not detected above limit of detection., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Being traditionally utilized mainly as appetizers and herbal teas as well as used to ease abdominal pains, colds and gastrointestinal issues, the genus Salvia L. has gained significant consideration owing to its remarkable phytochemicals and industrial importance. The present study aimed to develop and validate an LC-MS/MS method for the qualitative and quantitative investigation of 19 fingerprint phytochemicals in six endemic Salvia species. The validation parameters of the developed LC-MS/MS method were repeatability (intermediate precision), recovery (accuracy), limits of detection and quantification, linearity and uncertainty (U% at 95% confidence level (k = 2)). Reversed-phase HPLC separation and mass spectrometry parameters were optimized for each analyte. Ethanol extracts of the studied Salvia species collected in three consecutive years were screened for their fingerprint phytochemicals by using the developed and validated LC-MS/MS method. Moreover, studied Salvia species were subjected to multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis techniques to demonstrate the variabilities in phytochemical contents by years and parts of the samples. Roots, flowers, leaves, branches and whole plant of the Salvia species collected in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were used for the analyses. It was observed that the roots and branches of Salvia species were similar in terms of their salvianolic acid A, caffeic acid, and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone components. Accordingly, apigenin, rosmarinic acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, salvianolic acid B, and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone were notable phytochemicals that were present in the studied Salvia species., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

A new solid phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection was developed and validated for the determination of three chlorogenic acids (5-O-caffeoylquinic, 3-O-caffeoylquinic and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acids) and six phenolic acids (caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) and vanillic acid (VA)) in coffee bean samples. Extraction was performed using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridges. Separations were accomplished using a C18 guard column (10 × 2.1 mm, 3 µm) and a C18 analytical column (50 × 2.1 mm, 3 µm). o-Phosphoric acid solution (0.08%) and methanol/water/acetonitrile (85:10:5) solution were used as mobile phase with a gradient system. A UV detector was used at 325 nm for 5-O-caffeoylquinic, caffeic, 3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic, ferulic, sinapic acids, and 215 nm for protocatechuic, PHBA and VA. Calibration equations and coefficients of determination were determined by least-squares method with weighting factor. Limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.15-0.69 and 0.46-2.09 mg/L, respectively. Precision and accuracy of the proposed method were investigated with coffee sample spiked at low, medium and high concentrations. The developed and validated method was applied for the determination of nine phenolic compounds in seven coffee bean samples from different origins with high accuracy and repeatability., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Modified AOAC 991.31 and AOAC 2000.03 methods for the simultaneous determination of total aflatoxins (AFs), aflatoxin B1, and ochratoxin A (OTA) in processed cereal-based foods by RP-HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection were validated. A KOBRA® Cell derivatization system was used to analyze total AFs. One of the modifications was the extraction procedure of mycotoxins. Both AFs and OTA were extracted with methanol-water (75+25, v/v) and purified with an immunoaffinity column before HPLC analysis. The modified methods were validated by measuring the specificity, selectivity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, recovery, LOD, and LOQ parameters. The validated methods were successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins in 81 processed cereal-based foods purchased in Turkey. These rapid, sensitive, simple, and validated methods are suitable for the simultaneous determination of AFs and OTA in the processed cereal-based foods.