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Research partnerships, while promising for ensuring translation of relevant and useable findings, are challenging and need support. This study aimed to apply behavior change theory to understand and support researchers' adoption of a research partnership approach and the Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) Guiding Principles for conducting and disseminating spinal cord injury (SCI) research in partnership. Using an IKT approach, SCI researchers across Canada and the USA completed a survey (n = 22) and were interviewed (n = 13) to discuss barriers and facilitators to deciding to partner and follow the IKT Guiding Principles. The Behaviour Change Wheel, Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), and Mode of Delivery Ontology were used to develop the survey, interview questions, and guided analyses of interview data. COM-B and TDF factors were examined using descriptive statistics and abductive analyses of barriers and facilitators of decisions to partner and/or use the IKT Guiding Principles. TDF domains from the interview transcripts were then used to identify intervention, content, and implementation options. 142 factors (79 barriers, 63 facilitators) related to deciding to partner, and 292 factors (187 barriers, 105 facilitators) related to deciding to follow the IKT Guiding Principles were identified. Barriers to partnering or use the IKT Guiding Principles were primarily related to capability and opportunity and relevant intervention options were recommended. Interventions must support researchers in understanding how to partner and use the IKT Guiding Principles while navigating a research system, which is not always supportive of the necessary time and costs required for meaningful research partnerships., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2023. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Community-based physical activity opportunities have been shown to help adults with physical disabilities improve their participation in daily activities and reduce social isolation. Despite the known benefits, substantial barriers and challenges inhibit accessibility to these physical activity opportunities. To facilitate the co-construction of strategies to overcome accessibility issues pertaining to community-based physical activity opportunities. In total, 45 individuals with physical disabilities, patients at a rehabilitation hospital, staff members of disability organizations, staff of local or provincial government agencies/departments, kinesiologists, occupational therapists, graduate students, and peer mentors participated in one of four World Cafés held in their respective cities. World Café is a methodology for fostering collaborative, solution-focused conversation that aims to solve problems through collective intelligence. Participants were divided into groups of three to four people and invited to engage in evolving rounds of discussions responding to prompts about accessibility to physical activity in their communities. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. In total, 17 strategies were identified, addressing 5 areas: representation and visibility (e.g., prioritize hiring people with a disability), finances (e.g., reduce direct costs for participants), connection and social support (e.g., foster social networks that provide informational support), education and programming (e.g., enhance awareness of existing services and resources), and government programs and policies (e.g., enforce accessibility standards for indoor and outdoor spaces). The findings of this study provide strategies and practical applications for community programs and governments to consider for increasing access to physical activity opportunities for people with physical disabilities., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2023. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Behavior change techniques (BCTs) are used to target theoretical mechanisms of action predicted to bring about behavior change. Reporting BCTs and connecting them to mechanisms of action is critical to understanding intervention processes of change. This article identifies the BCTs associated with an exercise intervention for individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and determines the extent to which these BCTs target associated mechanisms of action. BCTs were mapped onto social cognitive theory (SCT) and the theoretical domains framework (TDF) using published literature identifying links between BCTs and SCT/TDF and expert consensus. Two coders then used the 93-item BCT taxonomy (BCTTv1) to independently code BCTs within the intervention. The BCTs used in the current intervention enabled identification of the theoretical mechanisms of action targeted in the intervention. More than 70% of the intervention content incorporated at least one BCT. More than 50% of the BCTs used targeted SCT constructs and more than 70% of BCTs used targeted at least one of the 14 TDF domains. Five BCTs did not map onto either SCT or TDF. This research provides a systematic method of linking BCTs to mechanisms of action. This process increases the transparency of intervention content and identification of the mechanisms of action targeted in the current intervention. Reporting interventions in this manner will enable the most potent mechanisms of actions associated with long-term behavior change to be identified and utilized in future work. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT02164474. Registered on June 12, 2014., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2019. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

This article reported on the reach, effectiveness, and maintenance dimensions of a RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) analysis to evaluate Praxis 2016, a conference aimed to develop solutions to overcome challenges to translating research into practice in the spinal cord injury (SCI) community. Reach indicators were collected from the Praxis 2016 organizing committee. For effectiveness and maintenance, attendees (n = 106) completed a questionnaire pre-, post-, and 9-month post-Praxis 2016 assessing (a) capability (e.g., knowledge), (b) motivation, (c) opportunities, and (d) the groups they currently, need to, and/or plan to work with to develop solutions to overcome the challenges of translating SCI research into practice. They also reported their satisfaction with Praxis 2016. Qualitative interviews with attendees and organizers post-Praxis 2016 were conducted. Praxis 2016 reached 28% of their intended audience. For effectiveness, attendees' knowledge significantly increased (t(59)= 3.83, p < .001), they reported a greater need to work with members within the SCI community from pre- to post-Praxis 2016, and were generally satisfied with Praxis 2016. Regarding maintenance, more attendees reported needing to work with researchers, clinicians and SCI community organizations at 9-month post-Praxis 2016. The interviewees reported increased knowledge and capacity to network with the SCI community, but highlighted concerns for the long-term impact of Praxis 2016. Praxis 2016 was an effective approach to create short-term change in knowledge, and to expand knowledge translation networks. Further efforts could build on Praxis 2016 to foster long-term success in overcoming the challenges in translating SCI research into practice., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2019. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: A cross-disciplinary scoping review identified 83 of behavior change theories, with many similarities and overlapping constructs. Investigating the derivation of these theories may provide further understanding of their contribution and intended application., Purpose: To develop and apply a method to describe the explicit derivation of theories of behavior change., Methods: A network analysis of the explicit "contributing to" relations between the 83 theories was conducted. Identification of relations involved textual analysis of primary theory sources., Findings: One hundred and twenty-two connections between the theories were identified amounting to 1.8% of the number possible. On average, theories contributed to one or two theories (mean = 1.47 ± 3.69 contributions) and were informed by one or two theories (mean = 1.47 ± 1.61 contributing theories)., Discussion: Most behavior change theories appear to be explicitly informed by few prior theories. If confirmed, this suggests a considerable dislocation between generations of theories which would be expected to undermine scientific progress.

New evidence-based physical activity and sedentary behavior guidelines for Canadians were launched in 2011. As a consequence, service organizations that promote physical activity directly to the public needed to change their promotion materials to reflect the new guidelines. Little is known about the rate at which service organizations adopt and integrate new evidence-based guidelines and determinants of guideline adoption. In this natural observational study, we evaluated the rate of online adoption of the new guidelines among key service organizations that promote physical activity and examined participation in a booster webinar as a supplemental dissemination strategy. One hundred fifty nine service organization websites were coded by one of six raters prior to the release of the new guidelines as well as at 3, 6, and 9 months after the release. Online adoption of the guidelines increased during the coding period with 51 % of organizations posting the guidelines or related information on their websites. Organizations' engagement in a webinar was associated with their adoption of the guidelines. The release of new Canadian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines led to increased guideline adoption on service organizations' websites. However, adoption was not universal. In order for the uptake of the new guidelines to be successful, further efforts need to be taken to ensure that service organizations present physical activity guidelines on their websites. Comprehensive, active dissemination strategies tailored to address organizational barriers are needed to ensure online guideline adoption.