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3. Dynamo constraints on the long-term evolution of Earth's magnetic field strength

Author

Davies, CJ, Bono, RK, Meduri, DG, Aubert, J, Greenwood, S, and Biggin, AJ

Abstract

Elucidating the processes in the liquid core that have produced observed palaeointensity changes over the last 3.5 Gyr is crucial for understanding the dynamics and long-term evolution of Earth’s deep interior. We combine numerical geodynamo simulations with theoretical scaling laws to investigate the variation of Earth’s magnetic field strength over geological time. Our approach follows the study of Aubert et al., adapted to include recent advances in numerical simulations, mineral physics and palaeomagnetism. We first compare the field strength within the dynamo region and on the core–mantle boundary (CMB) between a suite of 314 dynamo simulations and two power-based theoretical scaling laws. The scaling laws are both based on a Quasi-Geostropic (QG) force balance at leading order and a Magnetic, Archimedian, and Coriolis (MAC) balance at first order and differ in treating the characteristic length scale of the convection as fixed (QG-MAC-fixed) or determined as part of the solution (QG-MAC-free). When the data set is filtered to retain only simulations with magnetic to kinetic energy ratios greater than at least two we find that the internal field together with the root-mean-square and dipole CMB fields exhibit power-law behaviour that is compatible with both scalings within uncertainties arising from different heating modes and boundary conditions. However, while the extrapolated intensity based on the QG-MAC-free scaling matches Earth’s modern CMB field, the QG-MAC-fixed prediction shoots too high and also significantly overestimates palaeointensities over the last 3.5 Gyr. We combine the QG-MAC-free scaling with outputs from 275 realizations of core–mantle thermal evolution to construct synthetic true dipole moment (TDM) curves spanning the last 3.5 Gyr. Best-fitting TDMs reproduce binned PINT data during the Bruhnes and before inner core nucleation (ICN) within observational uncertainties, but PINT does not contain the predicted strong increase and subsequent high TDMs during the early stages of inner core growth. The best-fitting models are obtained for a present-day CMB heat flow of 11–16 TW, increasing to 17–22 TW at 4 Ga, and predict a minimum TDM at ICN.

Published
2022

4. Structure of the northwestern North Anatolian Fault Zone imaged via teleseismic scattering tomography

Author

Rost, S, Houseman, GA, Frederiksen, AW, Cornwell, DG, Kahraman, M, Altuncu Poyraz, S, Teoman, UM, Thompson, DA, Türkelli, N, Gülen, L, Utkucu, M, and Wright, TJ

Abstract

Information on fault zone structure is essential for our understanding of earthquake mechanics, continental deformation and seismic hazard. We use the scattered seismic wavefield to study the subsurface structure of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in the region of the 1999 İzmit and Düzce ruptures using data from an 18-month dense deployment of seismometers with a nominal station spacing of 7 km. Using the forward- and back-scattered energy that follows the direct P-wave arrival from teleseismic earthquakes, we apply a scattered wave inversion approach and are able to resolve changes in lithospheric structure on a scale of 10 km or less in an area of about 130 km by 100 km across the NAFZ. We find several crustal interfaces that are laterally incoherent beneath the surface strands of the NAFZ and evidence for contrasting crustal structures either side of the NAFZ, consistent with the presence of juxtaposed crustal blocks and ancient suture zones. Although the two strands of the NAFZ in the study region strike roughly east–west, we detect strong variations in structure both north–south, across boundaries of the major blocks, and east–west, parallel to the strike of the NAFZ. The surface expression of the two strands of the NAFZ is coincident with changes on main interfaces and interface terminations throughout the crust and into the upper mantle in the tomographic sections. We show that a dense passive network of seismometers is able to capture information from the scattered seismic wavefield and, using a tomographic approach, to resolve the fine scale structure of crust and lithospheric mantle even in geologically complex regions. Our results show that major shear zones exist beneath the NAFZ throughout the crust and into the lithospheric mantle, suggesting a strong coupling of strain at these depths.

Published
2021

5. Cost-effectiveness of bilateral versus single internal thoracic artery grafts at ten years

Author

Little, M, Gray, A, Altman, DG, Benedetto, U, Flather, M, Gerry, S, Lees, B, Murphy, J, Gaudino, M, and Taggart, D

Abstract

Objectives: Using bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been suggested to improve survival compared to CABG using single internal thoracic arteries (SITA) for patients with advanced coronary artery disease. We used data from the Arterial Revascularisation Trial (ART) to assess long-term cost-effectiveness of BITA grafting compared to SITA grafting from an English health system perspective. Methods: Resource use, healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were assessed across 10-years of follow-up. An intention-to-treat analysis of differences between trial arms was conducted. Missing data were addressed using multiple imputation. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated with uncertainty characterised using non-parametric bootstrapping. Results were extrapolated beyond 10 years using Gompertz functions for survival and linear models for total cost and utility. Results: Total mean costs at 10 years of follow-up were estimated at £17,594736 in the BITA arm and £16,462594 in the SITA arm (mean difference £1,133118 95% CI £239195 to £2,026041, p= 0.01520). Total mean QALYs at 10 years were 6.54 in the BITA are and 6.57 in the SITA arm (adjusted mean difference -0.01 95% CI -0.2 to 0.1, p= 0.883). The estimated probability of BITA grafting being cost-effective compared to SITA grafting was 33% over 10 years of follow-up assuming a cost-effectiveness threshold of £20,000. Mean costs extrapolated to life-time increased to £20,760 in the SITA arm and £21,925 in the BITA arm. Mean QALYs extrapolated to life-time were 12.52 in the SITA arm and 12.61 in the BITA arm., The probability of BITA being cost-effective at a £20,000 threshold increased to 5160% when extrapolated to lifetime. Conclusions: BITA grafting has significantly higher costs but similar quality-adjusted survival at 10 years compared to SITA grafting.

Published
2021

6. The Gene Ontology resource: enriching a GOld mine

Author

Carbon, S, Douglass, E, Good, Bm, Unni, Dr, Harris, Nl, Mungall, Cj, Basu, S, Chisholm, Rl, Dodson, Rj, Hartline, E, Fey, P, Thomas, Pd, Albou, Lp, Ebert, D, Kesling, Mj, Mi, Hy, Muruganujan, A, Huang, Xs, Mushayahama, T, Labonte, Sa, Siegele, Da, Antonazzo, G, Attrill, H, Brown, Nh, Garapati, P, Marygold, Sj, Trovisco, V, Dos Santos, G, Falls, K, Tabone, C, Zhou, Pl, Goodman, Jl, Strelets, Vb, Thurmond, J, Garmiri, P, Ishtiaq, R, Rodriguez-Lopez, M, Acencio, Ml, Kuiper, M, Laegreid, A, Logie, C, Lovering, Rc, Kramarz, B, Saverimuttu, Scc, Pinheiro, Sm, Gunn, H, Su, Rz, Thurlow, Ke, Chibucos, M, Giglio, M, Nadendla, S, Munro, J, Jackson, R, Duesbury, Mj, Del-Toro, N, Meldal, Bhm, Paneerselvam, K, Perfetto, L, Porras, P, Orchard, S, Shrivastava, A, Chang, Hy, Finn, Rd, Mitchell, Al, Rawlings, Nd, Richardson, L, Sangrador-Vegas, A, Blake, Ja, Christie, Kr, Dolan, Me, Drabkin, Hj, Hill, Dp, Ni, L, Sitnikov, Dm, Harris, Ma, Oliver, Sg, Rutherford, K, Wood, V, Hayles, J, Bahler, J, Bolton, Er, De Pons JL, Dwinell, Mr, Hayman, Gt, Kaldunski, Ml, Kwitek, Ae, Laulederkind, Sjf, Plasterer, C, Tutaj, Ma, Vedi, M, Wang, Sj, D'Eustachio, P, Matthews, L, Balhoff, Jp, Aleksander, Sa, Alexander, Mj, Cherry, Jm, Engel, Sr, Gondwe, F, Karra, K, Miyasato, Sr, Nash, Rs, Simison, M, Skrzypek, Ms, Weng, S, Wong, Ed, Feuermann, M, Gaudet, P, Morgat, A, Bakker, E, Berardini, Tz, Reiser, L, Subramaniam, S, Huala, E, Arighi, Cn, Auchincloss, A, Axelsen, K, Argoud-Puy, G, Bateman, A, Blatter, Mc, Boutet, E, Bowler, E, Breuza, L, Bridge, A, Britto, R, Bye-A-Jee, H, Casas, Cc, Coudert, E, Denny, P, Estreicher, A, Famiglietti, Ml, Georghiou, G, Gos, A, Gruaz-Gumowski, N, Hatton-Ellis, E, Hulo, C, Ignatchenko, A, Jungo, F, Laiho, K, Le Mercier, P, Lieberherr, D, Lock, A, Lussi, Y, Macdougall, A, Magrane, M, Martin, Mj, Masson, P, Natale, Da, Hyka-Nouspikel, N, Pedruzzi, I, Pourcel, L, Poux, S, Pundir, S, Rivoire, C, Speretta, E, Sundaram, S, Tyagi, N, Warner, K, Zaru, R, Wu, Ch, Diehl, Ad, Chan, Jn, Grove, C, Lee, Ryn, Muller, Hm, Raciti, D, Van Auken, K, Sternberg, Pw, Berriman, M, Paulini, M, Howe, K, Gao, S, Wright, A, Stein, L, Howe, Dg, Toro, S, Westerfield, M, Jaiswal, P, Cooper, L, and Elser, J

Subjects
Traceability, AcademicSubjects/SCI00010, Arabidopsis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biology, Ontology (information science), Gene Ontology, Data curation, GO-CAMs, World Wide Web, Mice, User-Computer Interface, 03 medical and health sciences, Consistency (database systems), Annotation, 0302 clinical medicine, Documentation, Resource (project management), Schema (psychology), Schizosaccharomyces, Escherichia coli, Genetics, Database Issue, Animals, Humans, Dictyostelium, Caenorhabditis elegans, Molecular Biology, Zebrafish, 030304 developmental biology, Internet, 0303 health sciences, Molecular Sequence Annotation, File format, Rats, Drosophila melanogaster, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) provides the most comprehensive resource currently available for computable knowledge regarding the functions of genes and gene products. Here, we report the advances of the consortium over the past two years. The new GO-CAM annotation framework was notably improved, and we formalized the model with a computational schema to check and validate the rapidly increasing repository of 2838 GO-CAMs. In addition, we describe the impacts of several collaborations to refine GO and report a 10% increase in the number of GO annotations, a 25% increase in annotated gene products, and over 9,400 new scientific articles annotated. As the project matures, we continue our efforts to review older annotations in light of newer findings, and, to maintain consistency with other ontologies. As a result, 20 000 annotations derived from experimental data were reviewed, corresponding to 2.5% of experimental GO annotations. The website (http://geneontology.org) was redesigned for quick access to documentation, downloads and tools. To maintain an accurate resource and support traceability and reproducibility, we have made available a historical archive covering the past 15 years of GO data with a consistent format and file structure for both the ontology and annotations.

Published
2021

7. Integrative transnational analysis to dissect tuberculosis transmission events along the migratory route from Africa to Europe

Author

Martínez-Lirola M, Jajou R, Mathys V, Martin A, Cabibbe AM, Valera A, Sola-Campoy PJ, Abascal E, Rodríguez-Maus S, Garrido-Cárdenas JA, Bonillo M, Chiner-Oms Á, López B, Vallejo-Godoy S, Comas I, Prof PM, Prof DMC, Soolingen Prof D, Pérez-Lago L, and de Viedma DG

Subjects
Horn of Africa, transmission, Tuberculosis, trans-national
Abstract

Background: Growing international migration has increased the complexity of tuberculosis transmission patterns. Italy's decision to close its borders in 2018 made of Spain the new European porte entree for migration from the Horn of Africa (HA). In one of the first rescues of migrants from this region at the end of 2018, tuberculosis was diagnosed in eight subjects, mainly unaccompanied minors. Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from these recently arrived migrants were analysed by Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit/Variable-Number of Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) and subsequent whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. Data were compared with those from collections from other European countries receiving migrants from the HA and a strain-specific PCR was applied for a fast searching of common strains. Infections in a cellular model were performed to assess strain virulence. Results: MIRU-VNTR analysis allowed identifying an epidemiological cluster involving three of the eight cases from Somalia (0 single-nucleotide polymorphisms between isolates, HA cluster). Following detailed interviews revealed that two of these cases had shared the same migratory route in most of the trip and had spent a long time at a detention camp in Libya. To confirm potential en route transmission for the three cases, we searched the same strain in collections from other European countries receiving migrants from the HA. MIRU-VNTR, WGS and a strainspecific PCR for the HA strain were applied. The same strain was identified in 12 cases from Eritrea diagnosed soon after their arrival in 2018 to the Netherlands, Belgium and Italy. Intracellular replication rate of the strain did not reveal abnormal virulence. Conclusions: Our study suggests a potential en route transmission of a pan-susceptible strain, which caused at least 15 tuberculosis cases in Somalian and Eritrean migrants diagnosed in four different European countries.

Published
2021

9. 28.H. Workshop: Health Preparedness

Author

persons: Anne-Marie Yazbeck Chafea and Organised by: Eupha, Chafea, Dg Sante

Subjects
Nursing, Preparedness, Political science, 28.H. Workshop: Health Preparedness, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, AcademicSubjects/MED00860, AcademicSubjects/SOC01210, AcademicSubjects/SOC02610, Parallel Programme
Abstract

This session will take stock of national, EU and global health preparedness for serious cross border threats to health. As we have all seen, health preparedness and global health emergency preparedness frameworks are essential, as highlighted by the advent of COVID-19. Events such as these may be rare but are a perfect example of why engaging in health preparedness and response planning is essential. These novel types of viruses are not the only cause for the need for health preparedness, which extends to more standard planning of health systems, pandemic influenza plans and other unexpected but serious events such as the deliberate release of biological or chemical agents. This discussion will therefore review health preparedness, using the example of COVID-19, as well as reviewing the gaps identified and what more must be done at EU, national, regional and global levels to ensure health preparedness is effective to protect our societies. Key messages Health preparedness and global health emergency preparedness frameworks are essential for protecting health. Engaging in health preparedness and response planning is essential for an effective response to public health emergencies.

Published
2020

10. Defining the impact of melanopsin missense polymorphisms using in vivo functional rescue

Author

Rodgers, J, Hughes, S, Pothecary, CA, Brown, LA, Hickey, DG, Peirson, SN, and Hankins, MW

Subjects
Retinal Ganglion Cells, Light Signal Transduction, Light, Mutation, Missense, Rod Opsins, Mice, Transgenic, Pupil, Articles, Dependovirus, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Mice, Mutant Strains, Gene Expression Regulation, Animals, Humans, sense organs
Abstract

Melanopsin (OPN4) is an opsin photopigment expressed within intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that mediate non-image forming (NIF) responses to light. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human melanopsin (hOPN4), Pro10Leu and Thr394Ile, have recently been associated with abnormal NIF responses to light, including seasonal affective disorder. It has been suggested these behavioural changes are due to altered melanopsin signalling. However, there is currently no direct evidence to support this. Here we have used ipRGC-specific delivery of hOPN4 wild-type (WT), Pro10Leu or Thr394Ile adeno-associated viruses (AAV) to determine the functional consequences of hOPN4 SNPs on melanopsin-driven light responses and associated behaviours. Immunohistochemistry confirmed hOPN4 AAVs exclusively transduced mouse ipRGCs. Behavioural phenotyping performed before and after AAV injection demonstrated that both hOPN4 Pro10Leu and Thr394Ile could functionally rescue pupillary light responses and circadian photoentrainment in Opn4−/− mice, with no differences in NIF behaviours detected for animals expressing either SNP compared to hOPN4 WT. Multi-electrode array recordings revealed that ipRGCs expressing hOPN4 Thr394Ile exhibit melanopsin-driven light responses with significantly attenuated response amplitude, decreased sensitivity and faster offset kinetics compared to hOPN4 WT. IpRGCs expressing hOpn4 Pro10Leu also showed reduced response amplitude. Collectively these data suggest Thr394Ile and Pro10Leu may be functionally significant SNPs, which result in altered melanopsin signalling. To our knowledge, this study provides the first direct evidence for the effects of hOPN4 polymorphisms on melanopsin-driven light responses and NIF behaviours in vivo, providing further insight into the role of these SNPs in melanopsin function and human physiology.

Published
2018

11. MSH3 modifies somatic instability and disease severity in Huntington's and myotonic dystrophy type 1

Author

Flower, M, Lomeikaite, V, Ciosi, M, Cumming, S, Morales, F, Lo, K, Hensman Moss, D, Jones, L, Holmans, P, TRACK-HD Investigators, OPTIMISTIC Consortium, Monckton, DG, and Tabrizi, SJ

Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, mental disorders, nervous system diseases
Abstract

The mismatch repair gene MSH3 has been implicated as a genetic modifier of the CAG·CTG repeat expansion disorders Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1. A recent Huntington's disease genome-wide association study found rs557874766, an imputed single nucleotide polymorphism located within a polymorphic 9 bp tandem repeat in MSH3/DHFR, as the variant most significantly associated with progression in Huntington's disease. Using Illumina sequencing in Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1 subjects, we show that rs557874766 is an alignment artefact, the minor allele for which corresponds to a three-repeat allele in MSH3 exon 1 that is associated with a reduced rate of somatic CAG·CTG expansion (P = 0.004) and delayed disease onset (P = 0.003) in both Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1, and slower progression (P = 3.86 × 10-7) in Huntington's disease. RNA-Seq of whole blood in the Huntington's disease subjects found that repeat variants are associated with MSH3 and DHFR expression. A transcriptome-wide association study in the Huntington's disease cohort found increased MSH3 and DHFR expression are associated with disease progression. These results suggest that variation in the MSH3 exon 1 repeat region influences somatic expansion and disease phenotype in Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1, and suggests a common DNA repair mechanism operates in both repeat expansion diseases.

Published
2019

12. The Influence of Number and Timing of Pregnancies on Breast Cancer Risk for Women With BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations

Author

Terry, MB, Liao, Y, Kast, K, Antoniou, AC, McDonald, JA, Mooij, TM, Engel, C, Nogues, C, Buecher, B, Mari, V, Moretta-Serra, J, Gladieff, L, Luporsi, E, Barrowdale, D, Frost, D, Henderson, A, Brewer, C, Evans, DG, Eccles, D, Cook, J, Ong, K-R, Izatt, L, Ahmed, M, Morrison, PJ, Dommering, CJ, Oosterwijk, JC, Ausems, MGEM, Kriege, M, Buys, SS, Andrulis, IL, John, EM, Daly, M, Friedlander, M, McLachlan, SA, Osorio, A, Caldes, T, Jakubowska, A, Simard, J, Singer, CF, Tan, Y, Olah, E, Navratilova, M, Foretova, L, Gerdes, A-M, Roos-Blom, M-J, Arver, B, Olsson, H, Schmutzler, RK, Hopper, JL, van Leeuwen, FE, Goldgar, D, Milne, RL, Easton, DF, Rookus, MA, Andrieu, N, and EMBRACE, GENEPSO, BCFR, HEBON, kConFab and IBCCS

Subjects
endocrine system diseases, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

Background: Full-term pregnancy (FTP) is associated with a reduced breast cancer (BC) risk over time, but women are at increased BC risk in the immediate years following an FTP. No large prospective studies, however, have examined whether the number and timing of pregnancies are associated with BC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Methods: Using weighted and time-varying Cox proportional hazards models, we investigated whether reproductive events are associated with BC risk for mutation carriers using a retrospective cohort (5707 BRCA1 and 3525 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and a prospective cohort (2276 BRCA1 and 1610 BRCA2 mutation carriers), separately for each cohort and the combined prospective and retrospective cohort. Results: For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was no overall association with parity compared with nulliparity (combined hazard ratio [HRc] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 1.18). Relative to being uniparous, an increased number of FTPs was associated with decreased BC risk (HRc = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.91; HRc = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.82; HRc = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.63, for 2, 3, and ≥4 FTPs, respectively, Ptrend < .0001) and increasing duration of breastfeeding was associated with decreased BC risk (combined cohort Ptrend = .0003). Relative to being nulliparous, uniparous BRCA1 mutation carriers were at increased BC risk in the prospective analysis (prospective hazard ration [HRp] = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.09 to 2.62). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, being parous was associated with a 30% increase in BC risk (HRc = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.69), and there was no apparent decrease in risk associated with multiparity except for having at least 4 FTPs vs. 1 FTP (HRc = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.98). Conclusions: These findings suggest differential associations with parity between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with higher risk for uniparous BRCA1 carriers and parous BRCA2 carriers.

Published
2019

13. An Insect Counteradaptation against Host Plant Defenses Evolved through Concerted Neofunctionalization

Author

Purugganan, M, Heidel-Fischer, HM, Kirsch, R, Reichelt, M, Ahn, S-J, Wielsch, N, Baxter, SW, Heckel, DG, Vogel, H, Kroymann, J, Purugganan, M, Heidel-Fischer, HM, Kirsch, R, Reichelt, M, Ahn, S-J, Wielsch, N, Baxter, SW, Heckel, DG, Vogel, H, and Kroymann, J

Abstract

Antagonistic chemical interactions between herbivorous insects and their host plants are often thought to coevolve in a stepwise process, with an evolutionary innovation on one side being countered by a corresponding advance on the other. Glucosinolate sulfatase (GSS) enzyme activity is essential for the Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, to overcome a highly diversified secondary metabolite-based host defense system in the Brassicales. GSS genes are located in an ancient cluster of arylsulfataselike genes, but the exact roles of gene copies and their evolutionary trajectories are unknown. Here, we combine a functional investigation of duplicated insect arylsulfatases with an analysis of associated nucleotide substitution patterns. We show that the Diamondback moth genome encodes three GSSs with distinct substrate spectra and distinct expression patterns in response to glucosinolates. Contrary to our expectations, early functional diversification of gene copies was not indicative of a coevolutionary arms race between host and herbivore. Instead, both copies of a duplicated arylsulfatase gene evolved concertedly in the context of an insect host shift to acquire novel detoxifying functions under positive selection, a pattern of duplicate gene retention that we call “concerted neofunctionalization.”

Published
2019

14. Transdimensional ambient noise tomography of Bass Strait, southeast Australia, reveals the sedimentary basin and deep crustal structure beneath a failed continental rift

Author

Crowder, E, Rawlinson, N, Pilia, S, Cornwell, D, Reading, A, Crowder E, Rawlinson N, Pilia S, Cornwell DG, Reading AM, Crowder, E, Rawlinson, N, Pilia, S, Cornwell, D, Reading, A, Crowder E, Rawlinson N, Pilia S, Cornwell DG, and Reading AM

Abstract

Debate is ongoing as to which tectonic model is most consistent with the known geology of southeast Australia, formerly part of the eastern margin of Gondwana. In particular, numerous tectonic models have been proposed to explain the enigmatic geological relationship between Tasmania and the mainland, which is separated by Bass Strait. One of the primary reasons for the lack of certainty is the limited exposure of basement rocks, which are masked by the sea and thick Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic cover sequences. We use ambient noise tomography recorded across Bass Strait to generate a new shear wave velocity model in order to investigate crustal structure. Fundamental mode Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data extracted from long-term cross-correlation of ambient noise data are inverted using a transdimensional, hierarchical, Bayesian inversion scheme to produce phase velocity maps in the period range 2-30 s. Subsequent inversion for depth-dependent shear wave velocity structure across a dense grid of points allows a composite 3-D shear wave velocity model to be produced. Benefits of the transdimensional scheme include a data-driven parametrization that allows the number and distribution of velocity unknowns to vary, and the data noise to also be treated as an unknown in the inversion. The new shear wave velocity model clearly reveals the primary sedimentary basins in Bass Strait as slow shear velocity zones which extend down to 14 km in depth. These failed rift basins, which formed during the early stages of Australia-Antarctica break-up, appear to be overlying thinned crust, where high velocities of 3.8-4.0 km s-1 occur at depths greater than 20 km. Along the northern margin of Bass Strait, our new model is consistent with major tectonic boundaries mapped at the surface. In particular, we identify an east dipping velocity transition zone in the vicinity of the Moyston Fault, a major tectonic boundary between the Lachlan and Delamerian orogens

Published
2019

15. Beta-blockers for heart failure with reduced, mid-range, and preserved ejection fraction: an individual patient-level analysis of double-blind randomized trials

Author

Cleland, JGF, Bunting, KV, Flather, MD, Altman, DG, Holmes, J, Coats, AJS, Manzano, L, McMurray, JJV, Ruschitzka, F, van Veldhuisen, DJ, von Lueder, TG, Böhm, M, Andersson, B, Kjekshus, J, Packer, M, Rigby, AS, Rosano, G, Wedel, H, Hjalmarson, Å, Wikstrand, J, Kotecha, D, and Beta-blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group

Subjects
cardiovascular system, cardiovascular diseases, humanities, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract

Aims: Recent guidelines recommend that patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 40-49% should be managed similar to LVEF ≥ 50%. We investigated the effect of beta-blockers according to LVEF in double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Methods and results: Individual patient data meta-analysis of 11 trials, stratified by baseline LVEF and heart rhythm (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0083244; PROSPERO: CRD42014010012). Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death over 1.3 years median follow-up, with an intention-to-treat analysis. For 14 262 patients in sinus rhythm, median LVEF was 27% (interquartile range 21-33%), including 575 patients with LVEF 40-49% and 244 ≥ 50%. Beta-blockers reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to placebo in sinus rhythm, an effect that was consistent across LVEF strata, except for those in the small subgroup with LVEF ≥ 50%. For LVEF 40-49%, death occurred in 21/292 [7.2%] randomized to beta-blockers compared to 35/283 [12.4%] with placebo; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-1.03]. Cardiovascular death occurred in 13/292 [4.5%] with beta-blockers and 26/283 [9.2%] with placebo; adjusted HR 0.48 (95% CI 0.24-0.97). Over a median of 1.0 years following randomization (n = 4601), LVEF increased with beta-blockers in all groups in sinus rhythm except LVEF ≥50%. For patients in atrial fibrillation at baseline (n = 3050), beta-blockers increased LVEF when

Published
2018

16. Growth and maturation

Author

Adam DG Baxter-Jones

Abstract

As children grow they increase in size and maturity. While growth refers to changes in size and complexity of tissue composition, maturation is the progressive achievement of adult status. A child’s growth status is an important determinant of current and lifelong health. Regular physical activity is required to obtain optimal growth. Normal healthy children show the same patterns of growth in terms of attainment of size and changes in proportionality. However, growth is not a linear process; the speed of statural growth decreases during infancy, is relatively constant during childhood, and accelerates during adolescence before slowing down in emerging adulthood. Although the patterns of growth are similar in all individuals, the timing and tempo of growth shows vast variability both within and between sexes. Thus it is important to remember that the effects of growth and maturation may mask or be greater than the effects of exercise.

Published
2017
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17. The Schottky-Klein prime function: A theoretical and computational tool for applications

Author

Crowdy, DG, Kropf, E, Green, CC, Nasser, MMS, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), and The Royal Society

Subjects
Computation theory, Boundary integral methods, Potential theory, Applied Mathematics, Multiply connected, Theoretical formulation, Functions, Schottky, Numerical methods, Applied mathematics, Computational tools, Computational development
Abstract

This article surveys the important role, in a variety of applied mathematical contexts, played by the socalled Schottky-Klein (S-K) prime function. While it is a classical special function, introduced by 19th century investigators, its theoretical significance for applications has only been realized in the last decade or so, especially with respect to solving problems defined in multiply connected, or 'holey', domains. It is shown here that, in terms of it, many well-known results pertaining only to the simply connected case (no holes) can be generalized, in a natural way, to the multiply connected case, thereby contextualizing those well-known results within a more general framework of much broader applicability. Given the wideranging usefulness of the S-K prime function it is important to be able to compute it efficiently. Here we introduce botha new theoretical formulation for its computation, as well as two distinct numerical methods to implement the construction. The combination of these theoretical and computational developments renders the S-K prime function a powerful new tool in applied mathematics. The authors 2016. Scopus

Published
2016

18. THE INCIDENCE OF LYMPHEDEMA FOLLOWING TREATMENT FOR PROSTATE CANCER: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Author

Cotthoff, A, Goff, K, and Kelly, DG

Subjects
Prostate cancer -- Care and treatment, Lymphedema -- Demographic aspects, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) -- Analysis
Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of lymphedema following treatment for prostate cancer via a retrospective chart review. SUBJECTS: All patients receiving treatment for prostate cancer at a major cancer treatment center between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1998 were identified through a computerized search. METHODS: Medical charts of 126 subjects were analyzed using a standardized questionnaire. Data collected included such items as age, race, date of cancer diagnosis, stage and grade of cancer, and date of lymphedema development. ANALYSIS: Data was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher&apos;s Exact test. Variables identified as significant in univariate analysis were assessed as predictors of lymphedema development using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The average incidence rate of lymphedema development was found to be 19.8% following prostate cancer treatment. Statistically significant findings included the relationship between lymphedema development and several variables including the following: smoking, Gleason grade, type of surgery, stage, and patient complaints of pain. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show a relationship between lymphedema development and several factors. Some of these factors include smoking, stage of cancer, and radiation therapy. Further research needs to be done in this area to increase the level of care for patients with prostate cancer who develop lymphedema or are at risk of developing lymphedema. Practitioners and patients would benefit from improved educational information about the potential risk factors., Cotthoff A, Goff K, Kelly DG. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, [...]

Published
2001

19. INTERDISCIPLINARY AND PREVENTIVE CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS AND CHILDREN DWELLING IN A RURAL COMMUNITY

Author

Bender, DG, Gurka, JA, Cole, PJ, and Stanley, RK

Subjects
Medicine, Preventive -- Usage, Rural health services -- Usage, Patient education -- Services
Abstract

PURPOSE: Persons living in rural areas have unique health concerns, which may not be adequately addressed if their care is provided by using a multidisciplinary medical model. This presentation describes a program designed to teach students how to work as an interdisciplinary team in order to implement preventive health care programs in a rural area. DESCRIPTION: For the past two years, a course funded by the state&apos;s rural Area Health Education Center (AHEC) titled "Interdisciplinary Prevention in Rural Communities" has been offered to students representing five different health care disciplines. Throughout the summer, interdisciplinary teams of students had bimonthly classes and fieldwork at the rural area served by the AHEC agency. Faculty members from each of the disciplines offered lectures and team building activities on topics such as group process, conflict resolution and health care delivery in rural settings. Students were paired with a local senior center or Headstart center, and worked closely with each center&apos;s coordinator to identify the specific health needs of its population. Coordinators discussed the outcomes of the interventions designed during the first year of the grant, and identified any changes in the overall health of the clientele. The student groups either continued with a previously implemented program or developed a new program to address a more recently identified need. Students used the Internet for all planning sessions, and ended the semester by presenting interactive educational workshops for the staff and clients at each of the sites. OBSERVATIONS: Interdisciplinary care and communication using technology will be essential components to the delivery of rural care. This course provided the students with a first hand opportunity to deal with the realities of offering health care in a rural setting. They enjoyed the opportunity to share knowledge about their own profession, while gaining a better understanding of how the disciplines can effectively work together to achieve a shared outcome. Information from the student&apos;s reflective journals showed that although the experience was very positive, it opened the student&apos;s eyes to the many inequalities that presently exist in health care accessibility. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for physical therapy students to learn to work closely with other disciplines. Exposure to specific rural care issues, plus an example of how the use of technology to implement a team approach might prevent professional isolation, is expected to foster more student interest in providing care to this under-served patient population after graduation., Bender DG, Gurka JA, Cole PJ, Stanley RK; University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, Baltimore, MD, [...]

Published
2000

20. ASSESSMENT OF PERI-WOUND BLOOD FLOW THROUGHOUT ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TREATMENT: A PILOT STUDY

Author

Germann, CL, Payne, DL, Wagner, JL, Kelly, DG, and Ware, SR

Subjects
Regional blood flow -- Physiological aspects, Electric stimulation -- Health aspects, Wound healing -- Methods
Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore blood flow changes around a wound during electrical stimulation (e-stim) treatment Skin temperature values were also collected to identify correlation with blood flow. SUBJECTS: Nine subjects with at least one wound appropriate for treatment with e-stim were recruited from 3 facilities to participate in this study. Subjects ranged in age from 37 to 87. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A Periflux System 400 laser Doppler and an IBM ThinkPad computer with Perisoft version 5.10 were used to assess superficial subcutaneous capillary flowmetry directly adjacent to each subject&apos;s wound. Blood flow readings were recorded at established intervals throughout a 45 minute e-stim treatment. A temperature sensor was used to determine the room temperature and the surface skin temperature of each subject throughout the treatment. Skin temperature readings were taken at the same intervals as the blood flow readings. Each facility utilized its own e-stim unit to apply monophasic high voltage pulsed e-stim directly to the wound. ANALYSES: Blood flow perfusion rates were analyzed with the Perisoft 5.1 program which generated individual readings and means for each treatment interval. A ProStat program was used to run these means and generate a repeated measures (paired) ANOVA. Significance was established at p [is less than] 0.05. The recorded temperatures for each time period were averaged, assessed for trends, and subjected to statistical analysis. Individual and mean values were analyzed across treatment intervals. RESULTS: No consistent trends in blood perfusion or skin temperature in the peri-wound area were identified among the subjects in this study. No statistically significant increase in blood flow or temperature of the peri-wound area during e-stim treatment was found. There were trends toward increased blood flow at the 10 and 20 minute time periods during treatment. Temperature values for individuals and treatment interval means demonstrated no significant differences or trends. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between blood flow and skin temperature of the peri-wound area throughout e-stim treatment was not established in this pilot study. Further studies are needed to explore blood flow, skin temperature and other variables related to e-stim which may contribute to wound healing, Germann CL, Payne DL, Wagner JL, Kelly DG, Ware SR; University of Kentucky, Division of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health, Lexington, KY, [...]

Published
2000

21. PHYSIOLOGICAL COMPARISONS DURING MULTIPLE SPEED WALKING OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE PERSONS WITH TRANSTIBIAL AMPUTATION VERSUS NONPATHOLOGICAL GAIT

Author

Hsu, M, Nielsen, DH, Yack, HJ, and Shurr, DG

Subjects
Amputees -- Rehabilitation, Amputations of leg -- Physiological aspects, Walking -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

PURPOSE: Habitual level of physical activity may be an important factor in determining the adaptability to amputee walking. However, research is lacking to substantiate this conjecture. The purpose of this study was to compare the energy cost, gait efficiency and relative exercise intensity of physically active persons with transtibial amputation during walking with the Solid Ankle Cushion Heel (SACH) foot, the Flex-Foot (FF) and the Re-Flex Vertical Shock Pylon (VSP) versus persons with nonpathological gait. SUBJECTS: Subjects were healthy physically active males, including five subjects with unilateral transtibial amputation, and 18 control subjects with nonpathological gait. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A repeated-measures design involving multiple speed treadmill walking (5-minute exercise stages at 53.64, 67.05, 80.46, 93.87, and 107.28m/min) was used. One test session was required for the control subjects. Three test sessions were required for the subjects with transtibial amputation with randomized test order according to foottype. Physiological measurements included oxygen consumption determined with a metabolic cart, and heart rate monitored by electrocardiography radiotelemetry. The energy cost per meter traveled (mlO2/kg/m) was used as a criterion for gait efficiency. Percent of age predicted maximum heart rate (%APMHR) served as the index of relative exercise intensity. ANALYSES: Between group analyses involved separate repeated measures analysis of variance according to foottype with apriori pairwise contrasts at each test speed. RESULTS: Between group SACH foot and FF analyses showed nonsignificant differences in energy cost and gait efficiency for 53.64, 67.05, and 80.46 m/min, but significantly increased energy cost and decreased gait efficiency for 93.87, and 107.28m/min. The between group Re-Flex VSP analyses indicated nonsignificant differences in energy cost and gait efficiency for all test speeds. Compared to the control subjects, %APMHR was significantly higher in subjects with transtibial amputation for all foottypes across all walking speeds. CONCLUSIONS: The Re-Flex VSP appeared to be superior to the SACH foot and the FF. The lack of significant between group differences in energy cost and gait efficiency for the thee lower speeds during SACH foot and FF walking, and across all five speeds during Re-Flex VSP walking suggested improved adaptability for the physically active individuals with transtibial amputation. Elevation in %APMHR may be attributed to the loss of muscle mass associated with transtibial amputation. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This study was supported in part by Flex-Foot Inc., Aliso Viego, CA., Hsu M, Nielsen DH, Yack HJ, Shurr DG; Physical Therapy Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, [...]

Published
2000

22. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MULTIPLE SPEED TREADMILL WALKING FOR SYME VERSUS TRANSTIBIAL AMPUTATION

Author

Lin, S-J, Nielsen, DH, Shurr, DG, and Saltzman, CL

Subjects
Treadmill exercise tests -- Physiological aspects, Amputations of leg -- Care and treatment, Motor ability -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

PURPOSE: Motor function and wound healing are important considerations when determining the level of lower extremity amputation. The choice of trying to salvage the longest limb possible has been largely based on the premise that a longer limb will provide enhanced performance. However, the more distal site of amputation may result in decreased circulation and impaired wound healing. Research on this topic is limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the physiologic responses between syme and transtibial treadmill walking in a longitudinal single subject experimental design. SUBJECTS: The test subject was a 35-year-old male traumatic syme amputee who underwent elective transtibial amputation due to chronic stump skin break-down and unstable gait with syme prosthesis. Fifteen male non-amputees (age: 26 [+ or -] 4) served as control subjects. METHODS: Testing involved a self-selected walking velocity (SSWV) test and a continuous multiple speed treadmill test (53.64, 67.05, 80.46, 93.87 and 107.28 m/min) pre-transtibial (syme) and 16 months post-transtibial amputation. A standardized protocol (3 min. acclimation, 2 min. timed distance measurement of comfortable walking over a 44-foot corridor) was used for the SSWV test. The outcome variables included oxygen uptake, relative exercise intensity (percent of age-predicted maximum heart rate) and gait efficiency (oxygen uptake per meter traveled). Oxygen uptake was determined with a metabolic cart and heart rate by ECG radiotelemetry. ANALYSIS: Descriptive analysis included within subject (syme versus transtibial) and between subject (amputee versus non-amputee) percent difference calculations and graphical comparisons. RESULTS: Compared to syme amputation, transtibial amputation showed a range of 3%-10% lower oxygen consumption, 7%-11% lower relative exercise intensity, 3% - 10% improvement in gait efficiency for the five speeds and an 8% improvement in SSWV (74 to 80 m/min) which was comparable to reported non-amputee SSWV. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the principles governing the decision of optimal level of lower extremity amputation in orthopedic surgery may need to be reconsidered. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This research was partially supported by a grant from Flex-Foot Inc., Aliso Viego, CA, USA., Lin S-J, Nielsen DH, Shurr DG, (*) Saltzman CL; Physical Therapy Graduate Program, (*) Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, [...]

Published
2000

23. THE EFFECT OF ADDED LEG MASS ON ENERGY COST AND GAIT EFFICIENCY IN NON-PATHOLOGIC GAIT

Author

Lin, S-J, Nielsen, DH, Dickman, SE, Kjellberg, BC, Mattiace, CM, Reents, TL, and Shurr, DG

Subjects
Amputees -- Rehabilitation, Artificial legs -- Usage, Walking -- Methods
Abstract

PURPOSE: Increased energy demand with ambulation is a concern for people with lower extremity amputation. Recently, light-weight but expensive prostheses have been used for replacement of the heavy but less costly stainless steel prostheses with the aim of reducing the energy demand. Studies on normal subjects with symmetrically added ankle weights or military boots have shown increased energy cost with walking and running. Research on asymmetrical added mass which would simulate amputee walking is limited. Whether there is a critical level of asymmetrical added leg mass which would increase the energy cost of walking has not yet been determined. Whether speed would amplify the effect remains unanswered. As preliminary research to future clinical studies, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of asymmetrical added leg mass on the physiological responses of normal multiple speed treadmill walking. SUBJECTS: Twelve healthy male subjects from the university community were recruited (age 26 [+ or -] 5, height 1.81 [+ or -] 0.08m and weight 84.8 [+ or -] 16 kg). METHODS: A soccer style shin guard was used to apply the added mass (0, 0.45, 1.36 and 2.27 kg) to the center of mass of one lower leg. Four test sessions were randomized on separate days according to added leg mass. The test protocol consisted of successive four minute walking exercise stages at five progressive treadmill speeds (53.64, 67.05, 80.46, 93.87 and 107.3 m/min). During treadmill walking, oxygen consumption was determined with a metabolic cart and heart rate by ECG radiotelemetry. Gait efficiency was defined as energy cost per meter traveled. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS: A two-way (mass, speed) repeated measures analysis of variance with follow up 0 kg versus added mass comparisons was used. The analysis showed a significant interaction effect for energy cost. Simple effect analysis indicated nonsignificant between mass comparison at the three lower speeds but significant energy cost differences for 0 versus 2.27kg at the two higher speeds. For gait efficiency, there was no interaction effect. Follow-up main effect analysis for the 0 kg versus 2.27kg comparison showed a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The observed increased energy cost and decreased gait efficiency indicated a critical level of added leg mass exists for normal subject walking. Walking speed appeared to amplify the effect of added mass on energy cost. In order to conserve energy cost and optimize gait efficiency, the critical level of lower extremity prosthesis mass needs to be investigated for amputee walking., Lin S-J, Nielsen DH, Dickman SE, Kjellberg BC, Mattiace CM, Reents TL, Shurr DG; Physical Therapy Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA, [...]

Published
2000

24. CHANGES IN THE MECHANICAL ENERGY OF THE HAT DURING WALKING AS A FUNCTION OF FOOT TYPE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TRANS-TIBIAL AMPUTATIONS

Author

Yack, HJ, Nielsen, DH, Shurr, DG, and Hsu, M

Subjects
Foot -- Movements, Ankle -- Movements, Artificial limbs -- Usage
Abstract

PURPOSE: The power generated at the ankle has been shown to contribute to energy in the head, arms and trunk (HAT). The use of prosthetic feet that have dynamic properties, by individuals with trans-tibial amputations, therefore, may influence the HAT energy during walking. The purpose of the study was to compare changes in the HAT energy when using three different prosthetic feet: SACH foot, the Flex-Foot and the Re-Flex Vertical Shock Pylon (Re-Flex VSP) at three different walking speeds. SUBJECTS: Five physically active males (mean age 31.6, mean mass 85.2 kg) who experienced unilateral trans-tibial amputations for non-vascular reasons participated in this study. They were proficient walkers with each of the three prostheses. METHODS: Three non-collinear markers were used to track the foot, leg, thigh, pelvis, and trunk. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected for both sides as the subject walked along a 12 m walkway tracking a timing chain that permitted them to maintain walking speeds of 2, 3, and 4 MPH. A 3-D inverse dynamic analysis was performed to calculate energy changes in the HAT. ANALYSIS: Data for five gait trials were collected at each speed. Data for all trials were time normalized. Intrasubject and intersubject ensemble averages were calculated for the five trials. Differences between speed and foot-type were assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: HAT energy during push-off showed a significant effect for foot type (p [is less than] .001) and walking speed (p [is less than] .001) with borderline significant interaction (p=.055). Post-hoc analysis showed differences between all three feet at 4 MPH and between the SACH and the other two feet at 3 MPH and 2 MPH. HAT peak accelerations around push-off showed no differences in the forward acceleration, but significant differences in the vertical accelerations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate differences in the trunk energy around the time of push-off that are associated with the type of prosthesis used by the amputees. It appears that the energy storing prostheses decrease modulation of the HAT energy compared to the conventional prosthesis. The patterns observed for the energy storing prostheses are much closer to the normal pattern and therefore closer to a more economical pattern. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This study was partially supported by FlexFoot Inc., Aliso Viego, CA., Yack HJ, Nielsen DH, Shurr DG, Hsu M; The University of Iowa, Iowa City, [...]

Published
2000

25. INTERDISCIPLINARY PERCEPTIONS BETWEEN NURSING AND PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS

Author

Bender, DG, Kreis, CC, and Heywood, AB

Subjects
Health care teams -- Management, Physical therapists -- Management, Nurses -- Management, Physical therapy -- Practice
Abstract

PURPOSE: There is heightened interest in the use of a team approach to health care delivery as a means to decrease costs while maintaining high quality care. To work as a team, an understanding of the professional expertise of other disciplines is essential. This presentation will discuss the results of a survey comparing the perceptions of physical therapy and nursing students, concerning knowledge of each other&apos;s profession. DESCRIPTION: A questionnaire was distributed to gather information on students&apos; beliefs about the relationship between the two disciplines and the importance of having knowledge about other professions. Subjects included entry level nursing (N=38) and physical therapy (N=41) students and senior nursing (N=35) and physical therapy (N=38) students. Students were instructed to base responses on information gained during their professional education, instead of upon previous employment experience in a health field. Responses from the entry level students were compared to those obtained from senior students. OBSERVATIONS: Over 80% of the senior nursing students and 81.6% of the senior physical therapy students believed that an integrated team approach will offer the best means to assure quality care for patients. However, only 26.5% of the nursing students and 2.6% of the physical therapy students reported actual observations of this ideal relationship during the clinical portion of their education. Seventy percent of the senior nursing students, and 77% of the senior physical therapy students felt a need to learn basic knowledge about each other&apos;s field, and most wanted this instruction to be provided by a representative of the other profession. CONCLUSION: Student recollection of their discipline&apos;s curriculum suggested that fewer than 2.15 hours were specifically allotted for interdisciplinary study. The level of interaction observed by students while on affiliations suggests that a lack of education about the professional expertise of the other disciplines might make it less likely that clinicians will practice in an interdisciplinary manner. Interdisciplinary education should include not only basic information about the other profession, but an increased emphasis on communication skills and team building. Historically, students have learned to interact with other health professionals while on clinical affiliations, but the demands of today&apos;s practice may require student interns to already be familiar with this information. The professional issues courses for each curriculum would be the logical place to supplement the didactic material presented on each discipline with interdisciplinary fieldwork designed to give the students experience working as a team to achieve specific patient outcomes., Bender DG, Kreis CC, and Heywood AB; University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, Baltimore, MD, [...]

Published
2000

26. CORRELATION OF PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENT SATISFACTION WITH CLINICAL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCES AND METHOD OF SITE SELECTION: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Author

Leach, JL, Rouns, MB, and Kelly, DG

Subjects
Physical therapists -- Training, Internship programs -- Evaluation, Medical students -- Surveys
Abstract

PURPOSE: There are many methods currently employed for selecting and assigning sites for physical therapy student internships. There is limited information available on how many physical therapy programs are using each method of site selection or if one method leads to a perception of a more satisfying internship experience to students than another. The purpose of this study was to gather data on what methods physical therapy programs are using for internship site selection and to investigate whether there is a correlation between a particular method selected and student satisfaction with the internship experience. SUBJECTS: Subjects were physical therapy program ACCE&apos;s and physical therapy students returning to campus after completion of their internship requirements. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A preliminary postcard survey was mailed to the ACCE at 141 physical therapy programs to collect data on the method of site selection used and the program&apos;s willingness to participate in the second phase of the study. Respondents placed their programs&apos;s site selection process in one of 5 pre-determined categories by checking the appropriate box. Respondents were asked to convey their willingness to participate in the second phase of the study. Program responses were compiled and placed in groups based on site selection methods. Four programs were assigned to each of the 5 selection method categories. A second survey instrument was mailed to participating ACCE&apos;s to distribute to the first 15 physical therapy students alphabetically listed at each of 20 programs for a total of 300 possible respondents. Students were assured anonymity with instructions to seal their responses in envelopes provided and write the words "Physical Therapy" across the seal. The participating ACCE&apos;s returned all surveys in one package. ANALYSES: Descriptive statistics were computed for means, frequencies, and percentages of each question for all the groups as well as for each question within each group. Percentages were calculated to describe the frequency of occurrence for each level of the Likert-type responses. Chronbach&apos;s coefficient alpha was calculated at 0.84 to determine the consistency of the student responses. Pearson&apos;s correlation coefficient was performed to check for correlations among survey questions. One-way ANOVA (p=0.05) was calculated between the five groups. RESULTS: The student survey response rate was 95%. Groups 1 and 2 (ACCE decision with student input and ACCE interview method) were significantly different from Groups 3,4, and 5. Group 2 students (ACCE interview) reported the highest overall mean while Group 5 students (Computer placement) reported the lowest overall mean. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, student respondents agreed that they were satisfied with their clinical experience regardless of the site selection method. Groups 1 and 2 (ACCE controlled decision and ACCE interview) showed significant differences overall from the lottery and computer placement methods (Groups 3, 4, and 5). These results may be beneficial to ACCE&apos;s for choosing a site selection method that is the least stressful for the students and yields the highest satisfaction with their clinical placement., Leach JL, Rouns MB, Kelly DG: University of Kentucky, Division of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health, Lexington, KY, [...]

Published
2000

30. Genetic variation at 9p22.2 and ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Author

Ramus, S, Kartsonaki, C, Gayther, S, Pharoah, P, Sinilnikova, O, Beesley, J, Chen, X, Mcguffog, L, Healey, S, Couch, F, Wang, X, Fredericksen, Z, Peterlongo, P, Manoukian, S, Peissel, B, Zaffaroni, D, Roversi, G, Barile, M, Viel, A, Allavena, A, Ottini, L, Papi, L, Gismondi, V, Capra, F, Radice, P, Greene, M, Mai, P, Andrulis, I, Glendon, G, Ozcelik, H, Thomassen, M, Gerdes, A, Kruse, T, Cruger, D, Jensen, U, Caligo, M, Olsson, H, Kristoffersson, U, Lindblom, A, Arver, B, Karlsson, P, Stenmark Askmalm, M, Borg, A, Neuhausen, S, Ding, Y, Nathanson, K, Domchek, S, Jakubowska, A, Lubiński, J, Huzarski, T, Byrski, T, Gronwald, J, Górski, B, Cybulski, C, Dębniak, T, Osorio, A, Durán, M, Tejada, M, Benítez, J, Hamann, U, Rookus, M, Verhoef, S, Tilanus Linthorst, M, Vreeswijk, M, Bodmer, D, Ausems, M, van Os, T, Asperen, C, Blok, M, Meijers Heijboer, H, Peock, S, Cook, M, Oliver, C, Frost, D, Dunning, A, Evans, D, Eeles, R, Pichert, G, Cole, T, Hodgson, S, Brewer, C, Morrison, P, Porteous, M, Kennedy, M, Rogers, M, Side, L, Donaldson, A, Gregory, H, Godwin, A, Stoppa Lyonnet, D, Moncoutier, V, Castera, L, Mazoyer, S, Barjhoux, L, Bonadona, V, Leroux, D, Faivre, L, Lidereau, R, Nogues, C, Bignon, Y, Prieur, F, Collonge Rame, M, Venat Bouvet, L, Fert Ferrer, S, Miron, A, Buys, S, Hopper, J, Daly, M, John, E, Terry, M, Goldgar, D, Hansen, T, Jønson, L, Ejlertsen, B, Agnarsson, B, Offit, K, Kirchhoff, T, Vijai, J, Dutra Clarke, A, Przybylo, J, Montagna, M, Casella, C, Imyanitov, E, Janavicius, R, Blanco, I, Lázaro, C, Moysich, K, Karlan, B, Gross, J, Beattie, M, Schmutzler, R, Wappenschmidt, B, Meindl, A, Ruehl, I, Fiebig, B, Sutter, C, Arnold, N, Deissler, H, Varon Mateeva, R, Kast, K, Niederacher, D, Gadzicki, D, Caldes, T, de la Hoya, M, Nevanlinna, H, Aittomäki, K, Simard, J, Soucy, P, Spurdle, A, Holland, H, Chenevix Trench, G, Easton, D, Antoniou, A, Ramus, SJ, Gayther, SA, Pharoah, PDP, Sinilnikova, OM, McGuffog, L, Couch, FJ, Greene, MH, Mai, PL, Andrulis, IL, Kruse, TA, Jensen, UB, Caligo, MA, Neuhausen, SL, Ding, YC, Nathanson, KL, Domchek, SM, Rookus, MA, Tilanus Linthorst, MA, Vreeswijk, MP, Ausems, MGEM, van Os, TA, Asperen, CJ, Blok, MJ, Meijers Heijboer, HEJ, Dunning, AM, Evans, DG, Morrison, PJ, Kennedy, MJ, Rogers, MT, Side, LE, Buys, SS, Hopper, JL, Daly, MB, John, EM, Terry, MB, Hansen, TvO, Agnarsson, BA, Dutra Clarke, AVC, Przybylo, JA, Imyanitov, EN, Moysich, KB, Karlan, BY, Beattie, MS, Spurdle, AB, Easton, DF, Antoniou, AC, ROVERSI, GAIA, Ramus, S, Kartsonaki, C, Gayther, S, Pharoah, P, Sinilnikova, O, Beesley, J, Chen, X, Mcguffog, L, Healey, S, Couch, F, Wang, X, Fredericksen, Z, Peterlongo, P, Manoukian, S, Peissel, B, Zaffaroni, D, Roversi, G, Barile, M, Viel, A, Allavena, A, Ottini, L, Papi, L, Gismondi, V, Capra, F, Radice, P, Greene, M, Mai, P, Andrulis, I, Glendon, G, Ozcelik, H, Thomassen, M, Gerdes, A, Kruse, T, Cruger, D, Jensen, U, Caligo, M, Olsson, H, Kristoffersson, U, Lindblom, A, Arver, B, Karlsson, P, Stenmark Askmalm, M, Borg, A, Neuhausen, S, Ding, Y, Nathanson, K, Domchek, S, Jakubowska, A, Lubiński, J, Huzarski, T, Byrski, T, Gronwald, J, Górski, B, Cybulski, C, Dębniak, T, Osorio, A, Durán, M, Tejada, M, Benítez, J, Hamann, U, Rookus, M, Verhoef, S, Tilanus Linthorst, M, Vreeswijk, M, Bodmer, D, Ausems, M, van Os, T, Asperen, C, Blok, M, Meijers Heijboer, H, Peock, S, Cook, M, Oliver, C, Frost, D, Dunning, A, Evans, D, Eeles, R, Pichert, G, Cole, T, Hodgson, S, Brewer, C, Morrison, P, Porteous, M, Kennedy, M, Rogers, M, Side, L, Donaldson, A, Gregory, H, Godwin, A, Stoppa Lyonnet, D, Moncoutier, V, Castera, L, Mazoyer, S, Barjhoux, L, Bonadona, V, Leroux, D, Faivre, L, Lidereau, R, Nogues, C, Bignon, Y, Prieur, F, Collonge Rame, M, Venat Bouvet, L, Fert Ferrer, S, Miron, A, Buys, S, Hopper, J, Daly, M, John, E, Terry, M, Goldgar, D, Hansen, T, Jønson, L, Ejlertsen, B, Agnarsson, B, Offit, K, Kirchhoff, T, Vijai, J, Dutra Clarke, A, Przybylo, J, Montagna, M, Casella, C, Imyanitov, E, Janavicius, R, Blanco, I, Lázaro, C, Moysich, K, Karlan, B, Gross, J, Beattie, M, Schmutzler, R, Wappenschmidt, B, Meindl, A, Ruehl, I, Fiebig, B, Sutter, C, Arnold, N, Deissler, H, Varon Mateeva, R, Kast, K, Niederacher, D, Gadzicki, D, Caldes, T, de la Hoya, M, Nevanlinna, H, Aittomäki, K, Simard, J, Soucy, P, Spurdle, A, Holland, H, Chenevix Trench, G, Easton, D, Antoniou, A, Ramus, SJ, Gayther, SA, Pharoah, PDP, Sinilnikova, OM, McGuffog, L, Couch, FJ, Greene, MH, Mai, PL, Andrulis, IL, Kruse, TA, Jensen, UB, Caligo, MA, Neuhausen, SL, Ding, YC, Nathanson, KL, Domchek, SM, Rookus, MA, Tilanus Linthorst, MA, Vreeswijk, MP, Ausems, MGEM, van Os, TA, Asperen, CJ, Blok, MJ, Meijers Heijboer, HEJ, Dunning, AM, Evans, DG, Morrison, PJ, Kennedy, MJ, Rogers, MT, Side, LE, Buys, SS, Hopper, JL, Daly, MB, John, EM, Terry, MB, Hansen, TvO, Agnarsson, BA, Dutra Clarke, AVC, Przybylo, JA, Imyanitov, EN, Moysich, KB, Karlan, BY, Beattie, MS, Spurdle, AB, Easton, DF, Antoniou, AC, and ROVERSI, GAIA

Abstract

Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with increased risks of breast and ovarian cancers. Although several common variants have been associated with breast cancer susceptibility in mutation carriers, none have been associated with ovarian cancer susceptibility. A genome-wide association study recently identified an association between the rare allele of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3814113 (ie, the C allele) at 9p22.2 and decreased risk of ovarian cancer for women in the general population. We evaluated the association of this SNP with ovarian cancer risk among BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers by use of data from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2.

Published
2011

31. Benefit assessment for cost-benefit analysis studies in health care using discrete choice experiments: Estimating welfare in a health care setting

Author

McIntosh, E, Clarke, PM, Frew, EJ, Louviere, JJ, Fiebig, DG, McIntosh, E, Clarke, PM, Frew, EJ, Louviere, JJ, and Fiebig, DG

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the idea of using stated preference discrete choke experiments (SPDCEs) for valuation and welfare estimation, We begin by discussing SPDCEs and the random utility theory-based choice models that wlderHe their analysis. Given the purpose of this handbook, this naturally then leads to a dis~ (ussion of how to use choice models estimated from $PDCEs to carry out valuation and welfare analysis

Published
2010

33. The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery

Author

T.E.F. Abbott, T. Ahmad, M.K. Phull, A.J. Fowler, R. Hewson, B.M. Biccard, M.S. Chew, M. Gillies, R.M. Pearse, Rupert M. Pearse, Scott Beattie, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Nicolas Demartines, Lee A. Fleisher, Mike Grocott, James Haddow, Andreas Hoeft, Peter Holt, Rui Moreno, Naomi Pritchard, Andrew Rhodes, Duminda Wijeysundera, Matt Wilson, Tahania Ahmed, Kirsty Everingham, Russell Hewson, Marta Januszewska, Mandeep-Kaur Phull, Richard Halliwell, Mark Shulman, Paul Myles, Werner Schmid, Michael Hiesmayr, Patrick Wouters, Stefan de Hert, Suzana Lobo, Xiangming Fang, Lars Rasmussen, Emmanuel Futier, Matthieu Biais, Aurélien Venara, Karem Slim, Michael Sander, Despoina Koulenti, Kostoula Arvaniti, Mathew Chan, Atul Kulkarni, Susilo Chandra, Aida Tantri, Emad Geddoa, Muntadhar Abbas, Giorgio Della Rocca, Datin Sivasakthi, Marzida Mansor, Pastor Luna, Arthur Bouwman, Wolfgang Buhre, Vanessa Beavis, Douglas Campbell, Tim Short, Tunde Osinaike, Ricardo Matos, Ioana Grigoras, Mikhail Kirov, Denis Protsenko, Bruce Biccard, Cesar Aldecoa, Michelle Chew, Christoph Hofer, Martin Hubner, James Ditai, Tamas Szakmany, Lee Fleisher, Marissa Ferguson, Michael MacMahon, Ritchie Cherian, Helen Currow, Kathirgamanathan Kanathiban, David Gillespie, Edward Pathmanathan, Katherine Phillips, Jenifer Reynolds, Joanne Rowley, Jeanene Douglas, Ross Kerridge, Sameer Garg, Michael Bennett, Megha Jain, David Alcock, Nico Terblanche, Rochelle Cotter, Kate Leslie, Marcelle Stewart, Nicolette Zingerle, Antony Clyde, Oliver Hambidge, Adam Rehak, Sharon Cotterell, Wilson Binh Quan Huynh, Timothy McCulloch, Erez Ben-Menachem, Thomas Egan, Jennifer Cope, Paul Fellinger, Markus Haisjackl, Simone Haselberger, Caroline Holaubek, Paul Lichtenegger, Florian Scherz, Franz Hoffer, Veronika Cakova, Andreas Eichwalder, Norbert Fischbach, Reinhold Klug, Elisabeth Schneider, Martin Vesely, Reinhart Wickenhauser, Karl Gernot Grubmueller, Marion Leitgeb, Friedrich Lang, Nancy Toro, Marlene Bauer, Friedrich Laengle, Claudia Haberl, Thomas Mayrhofer, Christoph Trybus, Christian Buerkle, Karin Forstner, Reinhard Germann, Harald Rinoesl, Elke Schindler, Ernst Trampitsch, Gerhard Bogner, Daniel Dankl, Martin Duenser, Gerhard Fritsch, Ilse Gradwohl-Matis, Andreas Hartmann, Thomas Hoelzenbein, Tarkan Jaeger, Franz Landauer, Gregor Lindl, Michael Lux, Johannes Steindl, Ottokar Stundner, Christian Szabo, Jawad Bidgoli, Hans Verdoodt, Patrice Forget, David Kahn, Fernande Lois, Mona Momeni, Caroline Prégardien, Audrey Pospiech, Arnaud Steyaert, Laurent Veevaete, Dirk De Kegel, Karen De Jongh, Luc Foubert, Carine Smitz, Marcel Vercauteren, Jan Poelaert, Veerle Van Mossevelde, Jacques Abeloos, Stefaan Bouchez, Marc Coppens, Luc De Baerdemaeker, Isabel Deblaere, Ann De Bruyne, Kristine Fonck, Bjorn Heyse, Tom Jacobs, Koen Lapage, Anneliese Moerman, Martine Neckebroek, Aliaksandra Parashchanka, Nathalie Roels, Nancy Van Den Eynde, Michael Vandenheuvel, JurgenVan Limmen, Ann Vanluchene, Caroline Vanpeteghem, Piet Wyffels, Christel Huygens, Punitha Vandenbempt, Marc Van de Velde, Dimitri Dylst, Bruno Janssen, Evelien Schreurs, Fábia Berganton Aleixo, Keulle Candido, Hugo Dias Batista, Mario Guimarães, Jaqueline Guizeline, João Hoffmann, Francisco Ricardo Marques Lobo, Vinícius Nascimento, Katia Nishiyama, Lucas Pazetto, Daniela Souza, Rodrigo Souza Rodrigues, Ana Maria Vilela dos Santos, Jaquelline Jardim, Luiz Marcelo Sá Malbouisson, Joao Silva, Paulo do Nascimento Junior, Thalissa Hermínia Baio, Gabriel Isaac Pereira de Castro, Henri Roger Watanabe Oliveira, Cristina Prata Amendola, Gutemberg Cardoso, Daniela Ortega, Ana Flavia Brotto, Mirella Cristine De Oliveira, Álvaro Réa-Neto, Fernando Dias, Maria Eduarda Travi, Luiza Zerman, Pedro Azambuja, Marcos Freitas Knibel, Antonio Martins, William Almeida, Calim Neder Neto, Maria Angela Tardelli, Eliana Caser, Marcio Machado, Crisitiano Aguzzoli, Sérgio Baldisserotto, Fernanda Beck Tabajara, Fernanda Bettega, La Hore Correa Rodrigues Júnior, Julia de Gasperi, Lais Faina, Marcos Farias Nolasco, Bruna Ferreira da Costa Fischer, Mariana Fosch de Campos Ferreira, Cristina Hartmann, Marta Kliemann, Gustavo Luis Hubert Ribeiro, Julia Merladete Fraga, Thiago Motta Netto, Laura Valduga Pozza, Paulo Rafael Wendling, Caroline Azevedo, Juliana Garcia, Marcel Lopes, Bernardo Maia, Paula Maselli, Ralph Melo, Weslley Mendes, Matheus Neves, Jacqueline Ney, Claudio Piras, Christopher Applewhaite, Adrienne Carr, Lorraine Chow, Kaylene Duttchen, Julena Foglia, Michael Greene, Ashley Hinther, Kendra Houston, Thomas Jared McCormick, Jennifer Mikhayel, Sam Montasser, Alex Ragan, Andrew Suen, Adrianna Woolsey, Hai Chuan Yu, Duane Funk, Stephen Kowalski, Regina Legaspi, Heather McDonald, Faisal Siddiqui, Jeremy Pridham, Bernadette Rowe, Sonia Sampson, Barton Thiessen, Geoff Zbitnew, Andre Bernard, Ronald George, Philip Jones, Rita Moor, Naveed Siddiqui, Alexandra Wolfer, Diem Tran, Denyse Winch, Gary Dobson, Thomas McCormick, Osama Montasser, Richard Hall, Leyla Baghirzada, Gerard Curley, Si Yuan Dai, Gregory Hare, Esther Lee, Uma Shastri, Albert Tsui, Anmol Yagnik, Danielle Alvares, Stephen Choi, Heather Dwyer, Kathrina Flores, Colin McCartney, Priya Somascanthan, Jo Carroll, Janneth Pazmino-Canizares, Noam Ami, Vincent Chan, Anahi Perlas, Ruth Argue, Yang Huang, Katie Lavis, Kelly Mayson, Ying Cao, Hong Gao, Tingju Hu, Jie Lv, Jian Yang, Yang Yang, Yi Zhong, Jing Zhou, Xiaohua Zou, Miao He, Xiaoying Li, Dihuan Luo, Haiying Wang, Tian Yu, Liyong Chen, Lijun Wang, Yunfei Cai, Zhongming Cao, Yanling Li, Jiaxin Lian, Haiyun Sun, Sheng Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Kenru Wang, Yi Zhu, Xindan Du, Hao Fan, Yunbin Fu, Lixia Huang, Yanming Huang, Haifang Hwan, Hong Luo, Pi-Sheng Qu, Fan Tao, Zhen Wang, Guoxiang Wang, Shun Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiaolin Zhang, Chao Chen, Weixing Wang, Zhengyuan Liu, Lihua Fan, Jing Tang, Yijun Chen, Yongjie Chen, Yangyang Han, Changshun Huang, Guojin Liang, Jing Shen, Jun Wang, Qiuhong Yang, Jungang Zhen, Haidong Zhou, Junping Chen, Zhang Chen, Xiaoyu Li, Bo Meng, Haiwang Ye, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanbing Bi, Jianqiao Cao, Fengying Guo, Hong Lin, Yang Liu, Meng Lv, Pengcai Shi, Xiumei Song, Chuanyu Sun, Yongtao Sun, Yuelan Wang, Shenhui Wang, Min Zhang, Rong Chen, Jiabao Hou, Yan Leng, Qing-tao Meng, Li Qian, Zi-ying Shen, Zhong-yuan Xia, Rui Xue, Yuan Zhang, Bo Zhao, Xian-jin Zhou, Qiang Chen, Huinan Guo, Yongqing Guo, Yuehong Qi, Zhi Wang, Jianfeng Wei, Weiwei Zhang, Lina Zheng, Qi Bao, Yaqiu Chen, Yijiao Chen, Yue Fei, Nianqiang Hu, Xuming Hu, Min Lei, Xiaoqin Li, Xiaocui Lv, Fangfang Miao, Lingling Ouyang, Lu Qian, Conyu Shen, Yu Sun, Yuting Wang, Dong Wang, Chao Wu, Liyuan Xu, Jiaqi Yuan, Lina Zhang, Huan Zhang, Yapping Zhang, Jinning Zhao, Chong Zhao, Lei Zhao, Tianzhao Zheng, Dachun Zhou, Haiyan Zhou, Ce Zhou, Kaizhi Lu, Ting Zhao, Changlin He, Hong Chen, Shasha Chen, Baoli Cheng, Jie He, Lin Jin, Caixia Li, Hui Li, Yuanming Pan, Yugang Shi, Xiao Hong Wen, Shuijing Wu, Guohao Xie, Kai Zhang, Bing Zhao, Xianfu Lu, Feifei Chen, Qisheng Liang, Xuewu Lin, Yunzhi Ling, Gang Liu, Jing Tao, Lu Yang, Jialong Zhou, Fumei Chen, Zhonggui Cheng, Hanying Dai, Yunlin Feng, Benchao Hou, Haixia Gong, Chun hua Hu, Haijin Huang, Jian Huang, Zhangjie Jiang, Mengyuan Li, Jiamei Lin, Mei Liu, Weicheng Liu, Zhen Liu, Zhiyi Liu, Foquan Luo, Longxian Ma, Jia Min, Xiaoyun Shi, Zhiping Song, Xianwen Wan, Yingfen Xiong, Lin Xu, Shuangjia Yang, Qin Zhang, Hongyan Zhang, Huaigen Zhang, Xuekang Zhang, Lili Zhao, Weihong Zhao, Weilu Zhao, Xiaoping Zhu, Yun Bai, Linbi Chen, Sijia Chen, Qinxue Dai, Wujun Geng, Kunyuan Han, Xin He, Luping Huang, Binbin Ji, Danyun Jia, Shenhui Jin, Qianjun Li, Dongdong Liang, Shan Luo, Lulu Lwang, Yunchang Mo, Yuanyuan Pan, Xinyu Qi, Meizi Qian, Jinling Qin, Yelong Ren, Yiyi Shi, Junlu Wang, Junkai Wang, Leilei Wang, Junjie Xie, Yixiu Yan, Yurui Yao, Mingxiao Zhang, Jiashi Zhao, Xiuxiu Zhuang, Yanqiu Ai, Fang Du, Long He, Ledan Huang, Zhisong Li, Huijuan Li, Yetong Li, Liwei Li, Su Meng, Yazhuo Yuan, Enman Zhang, Jie Zhang, Shuna Zhao, Zhenrong Ji, Ling Pei, Li Wang, Chen Chen, Beibei Dong, Jing Li, Ziqiang Miao, Hongying Mu, Chao Qin, Lin Su, Zhiting Wen, Keliang Xie, Yonghao Yu, Fang Yuan, Xianwen Hu, Ye Zhang, Wangpin Xiao, Zhipeng Zhu, Qingqing Dai, Kaiwen Fu, Rong Hu, Xiaolan Hu, Song Huang, Yaqi Li, Yingping Liang, Shuchun Yu, Zheng Guo, Yan Jing, Na Tang, Jie Wu, Dajiang Yuan, Ruilin Zhang, Xiaoying Zhao, Yuhong Li, Hui-Ping Bai, Chun-Xiao Liu, Fei-Fei Liu, Wei Ren, Xiu-Li Wang, Guan-Jie Xu, Na Hu, Bo Li, Yangwen Ou, Yongzhong Tang, Shanglong Yao, Shihai Zhang, Cui-Cui Kong, Bei Liu, Tianlong Wang, Wei Xiao, Bo Lu, Yanfei Xia, Jiali Zhou, Fang Cai, Pushan Chen, Shuangfei Hu, Hongfa Wang, Qiong Xu, Liu Hu, Liang Jing, Bin Li, Qiang Liu, Yuejiang Liu, Xinjian Lu, Zhen Dan Peng, Xiaodong Qiu, Quan Ren, Youliang Tong, Jin Wang, Yazhou Wen, Qiong Wu, Jiangyan Xia, Jue Xie, Xiapei Xiong, Shixia Xu, Tianqin Yang, Hui Ye, Ning Yin, Jing Yuan, Qiuting Zeng, Baoling Zhang, Kang Zheng, Jing Cang, Shiyu Chen, Yu Fan, Shuying Fu, Xiaodong Ge, Baolei Guo, Wenhui Huang, Linghui Jiang, Xinmei Jiang, Yi Liu, Yan Pan, Yun Ren, Qi Shan, Jiaxing Wang, Fei Wang, Chi Wu, Xiaoguang Zhang, Ida Cecilie Christiansen, Simon Nørgaard Granum, Bodil Steen Rasmussen, Morten Daugaard, Rajiv Gambhir, Birgitte Brandsborg, Guðný Erla Steingrímsdóttir, Peter Jensen-Gadegaard, Karsten Skovgaard Olsen, Hanna Siegel, Katrine Zwicky Eskildsen, Mona Ring Gätke, Ida Wibrandt, Simon Bisgaard Heintzelmann, Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange, Rune Sarauw Lundsgaard, Louise Amstrup-Hansen, Claus Hovendal, Michael Larsen, Mette Lenstrup, Tina Kobborg, Jens Rolighed Larsen, Anette Barbre Pedersen, Søren Hübertz Smith, Rebecca Monett Oestervig, Arash Afshari, Cheme Andersen, Kim Ekelund, Erik Lilja Secher, Helene Beloeil, Sigismond Lasocki, Alexandre Ouattara, Marlene Sineus, Serge Molliex, Marie Lim Legouge, Florent Wallet, Antoine Tesniere, Christophe Gaudin, Paul Lehur, Emma Forsans, Stéphane de Rudnicki, Valerie Serra Maudet, Didier Mutter, Ghassan Sojod, Mehdi Ouaissi, Jean-Marc Regimbeau, Jacques Desbordes, Nicolas Comptaer, Diae el Manser, Sabine Ethgen, Gilles Lebuffe, Patrick Auer, Christine Härtl, Maria Deja, Kirill Legashov, Susanne Sonnemann, Carola Wiegand-Loehnert, Elke Falk, Marit Habicher, Stefan Angermair, Beatrix Laetsch, Katrin Schmidt, Christian Von Heymann, Axel Ramminger, Florian Jelschen, Svenja Pabel, Andreas Weyland, Elke Czeslick, Jochen Gille, Michael Malcharek, Armin Sablotzki, Katharina Lueke, Peter Wetzel, Joerg Weimann, Franz-Peter Lenhart, Florian Reichle, Frederike Schirmer, Michael Hüppe, Karl Klotz, Carla Nau, Julika Schön, Thomas Mencke, Christina Wasmund, Carla Bankewitz, Georg Baumgarten, Andreas Fleischer, Vera Guttenthaler, Yvonne Hack, Katharina Kirchgaessner, Olja Männer, Marlen Schurig-Urbaniak, Rafael Struck, Rebekka van Zyl, Maria Wittmann, Ulrich Goebel, Sarah Harris, Siegfried Veit, Evangelia Andreadaki, Flora Souri, Ioannis Katsiadramis, Anthi Skoufi, Maria Vasileiou, Eleni Aimoniotou- Georgiou, Anastasios Katsourakis, Fotini Veroniki, Glyceria Vlachogianni, Konstantina Petra, Dimitra Chlorou, Eirini Oloktsidou, Vasileios Ourailoglou, Konstantinos Papapostolou, Georgia Tsaousi, Panagoula Daikou, Georgia Dedemadi, Ioannis Kalaitzopoulos, Christos Loumpias, Sotirios Bristogiannis, Nikolaos Dafnios, Georgios Gkiokas, Elissaios Kontis, Dimitra Kozompoli, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Christol Bizios, Anastasia Koutsikou, Aleaxandra Moustaka, Ioannis Plaitakis, Apostolos Armaganidis, Theodora Christodoulopoulou, Mihail Lignos, Maria Theodorakopoulou, Andreas Asimakos, Eleni Ischaki, Angeliki Tsagkaraki, Spyros Zakynthinos, Eleni Antoniadou, Ioannis Koutelidakis, Dimitrios Lathyris, Irene Pozidou, Nikolaos Voloudakis, Maria Dalamagka, Gkonezou Elena, Christos Chronis, Dimitra Manolakaki, Dimitris Mosxogiannidis, Tatiana Slepova, Isaia-sissy Tsakiridou, Claire Lampiri, Anastasia Vachlioti, Christos Panagiotakis, Dimitrios Sfyras, Fotios Tsimpoukas, Athanasia Tsirogianni, Elena Axioti, Andreas Filippopoulos, Elli Kalliafa, George Kassavetis, Petros Katralis, Ioannis Komnos, Georgios Pilichos, Ifigenia Ravani, Antonis Totis, Eymorfia Apagaki, Andromachi Efthymiadi, Nikolaos Kampagiannis, Theoniki Paraforou, Agoritsa Tsioka, Georgios Georgiou, Aristeidis Vakalos, Aggeliki Bairaktari, Efthimios Charitos, George Markou, Panagiota Niforopoulou, Nikolaos Papakonstantinou, Evdoxia Tsigou, Archontoula Xifara, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Panagiota Gkioni, Stylianos Karatzas, Aikaterini Kyparissi, Efstratios Mainas, Ioannis Papapanagiotou, Theonymfi Papavasilopoulou, George Fragandreas, Eleni Georgopoulou, Eleni Katsika, Kyriakos Psarras, Eirini Synekidou, Maria Verroiotou, Evangelia Vetsiou, Donika Zaimi, Athina Anagnou, Konstantinos Apostolou, Theodora Melissopoulou, Theophilos Rozenberg, Christos Tsigris, Georgios Boutsikos, Vasileios Kalles, Nikolaos Kotsalas, Christina Lavdaiou, Fotini Paikou, Georgia-Laura Panagou, Anna Spring, Ioannis Botis, Maria Drimala, Georgios Georgakakis, Ellada Kiourtzieva, Panagiota Ntouma, Apostolos Prionas, Kyriakos Xouplidis, Eleftheria Dalampini, Chrysavgi Giannaki, Christina Iasonidou, Orestis Ioannidis, Athina Lavrentieva, Athena Lavrentieva, George Papageorgiou, Maria Kokkinoy, Maria Stafylaraki, Stylianos Gaitanakis, Periclis Karydakis, Josef Paltoglou, Panagiotis Ponireas, Panagiotis Chaloulis, Athanasios Provatidis, Anisoglou Sousana, Varvara Vanessa Gardikou, Maria Konstantivelli, Olga Lataniotou, Elisavet Lisari, Maria Margaroni, Konstantinos Stamatiou, Edouardos Nikolaidis, Ioannis Pnevmatikos, Eleni Sertaridou, Alexandros Andreou, Eleni Arkalaki, Elias Athanasakis, Fotini Chaniotaki, Chatzimichali Aikaterini Chatzimichali, Maria Christofaki, Despina Dermitzaki, Klara Fiorentza, Georgios Frantzeskos, Elisavet Geromarkaki, Kalliopi Kafkalaki, Marina Kalogridaki, Konstyllia Karydi, Sofia Kokkini, Georgios Kougentakis, Tatiana Lefaki, Emmanouhl Lilitsis, Aikaterini Makatounaki, Polychronis Malliotakis, Dimosthenis Michelakis, Maria Neonaki, Vasileia Nyktari, Iliana Palikyra, Eleftherios Papadakis, Alexandra Papaioannou, Konstantinos Sfakianakis, Maria Sgouraki, Xenia Souvatzis, Anastasia Spartinou, Nefeli Stefanidou, Paulina Syrogianni, Georgia Tsagkaraki, Elena Arnaoutoglou, Christina Arnaoutoglou, Christina Bali, Vasilios Bouris, Rodamanthos Doumos, Konstantia-Paraskevi Gkini, Clio Kapaktsi, Vasilios Koulouras, Arian Lena, Dimitra Lepida, Evangelos Michos, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Minas Paschopoulos, Vaia Aliki Rompou, Ioanna Siouti, Stavros Tsampalas, Ourania Ververidou, Georgios Zilis, Alexandra Charlalampidoy, Gregory Christodoulidis, Andreas Flossos, Konstantinos Stamoulis, Matthew Chan, Man Shing Caleb Tsang, Man Shing Tsang, Man Ling Lai, Chi Pang Yip, Hey Man Heymans Chan, Bassanio Law, Wing Sze Li, Hiu Man Chu, Emily Gar Yee Koo, Chi Cheong Joe Lam, Ka Ho Cheng, Tracy Lam, Susanna Chu, Wing yan Lam, Kin Wai Kevin Wong, Dilys Kwok, Ching Yue Janice Hung, Wai Kit Jacky Chan, Wing Lam Wong, Chun Kwong Eric Chung, Shu Kai Ma, Shuchi Kaushik, Bhagyesh Shah, Dhiren Shah, Sanjay Shah, Praburaj Ar, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Vandana Agarwal, Jigeeshu Divatia, Sanghamitra Mishra, Ganesh Nimje, Swati Pande, Sukhada Savarkar, Aditi Shrivastava, Martin Thomas, Shashikant Yegnaram, Rahmat Hidayatullah, Nasman Puar, Sumara Niman, Imai Indra, Zulkarnain Hamzah, Annika Yuliana, Ucu Nurhadiat Abidin, Ade Nurkacan Dursin, Andri Kurnia, Ade Susanti, Dini Handayani, Mahaalit Aribawa Alit, Aryabiantara Arya, Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi, Utara Hartawan Utara, Widnyana Made Wid, Semarawima Wima, Wiryana Made Wir, Brillyan Jehosua, Jonathan Kaunang, Eka Yudha Lantang, Rini Najoan, Neil Waworuntu, Hadi Awad, Akram Fuad, Burair Geddoa, Abdel Razzaq Khalaf, Sabah Al hussaini, Safauldeensalem Albaj, Maithem Kenber, Alessandra Bettinelli, Savino Spadaro, Carlo AlbertoVolta, Luigi Giancarlo, Vicari Sottosanti, Elisa Copetti, Lorenzo Spagnesi, Ilaria Toretti, Chiara Alloj, Silvano Cardellino, Livio Carmino, Eleonora Costanzo, Lucia Caterina Fanfani, Maria Teresa Novelli, Agostino Roasio, Mattia Bellandi, Luigi Beretta, Elena Bignami, Speranza Bocchino, Luca Cabrini, Daniele Corti, Giovanni Landoni, Roberta Meroni, Elena Moizo, Giacomo Monti, Margherita Pintaudi, Valentina Paola Plumari, Daiana Taddeo, Valentina Testa, Dario Winterton, Alberto Zangrillo, Luigi Maria Cloro, Chiara Colangelo, Antonio Colangelo, Giuseppe Rotunno, Miguel Angel Paludi, Cloro Paolo Maria, Antonio Pata, Vieri Parrini, Alessandro Gatta, Mauro Nastasi, Carla Tinti, Antonio Baroselli, Mario Arrigo, Angelo Benevento, Corrado Bottini, Maurizio Cannavo', Christian Gastaldi, Alessandro Marchesi, Angelantonio Pascazio, Francesco Pata, Emilio Pozzi, Alberto Premoli, Gaetano Tessera, Luca Boschi, Rocco D'Andrea, Federico Ghignone, Gilberto Poggioli, Andrea Sibilio, Mario Taffurelli, Giampaolo Ugolini, Mohd Azuan Ab Majid, Rusnah Ab Rahman, James Joseph, Furquan Pathan, Mohammad Hafizshah Sybil Shah, Huey Ling Yap, Seleen Cheah, Im Im Chin, Ji Keon Looi, Siew Ching Tan, Sheshendrasurian Visvalingam, Fan Yin Kwok, Chew Kiok Lee, Tse Siang Tan, Sze Meng Wong, Noor Hairiza Abdullah, Chiat Fong Liew, Lovenia Luxuman, Nor Hafizah Mohd Zin, Muhamad Faiz Norddin, Raja Liza Raja Alias, Juan Yong Wong, Johnny Yong, Mohd Tarmimi Bin Mustapha, Weng Ken Chan, Norizawati Dzulkipli, Pei Xuan Kuan, Yew Ching Lee, Anita Alias, Eng Ching Guok, Chiun Chen Jee, Brian Rhadamantyne Ramon, Cheng Weng Wong, Fara Nur Idayu Abd Ghafar, Faizal Zuhri Aziz, Nabilah Hussain, Hooi Sean Lee, Ismawaty Sukawi, Yuan Liang Woon, Husni Zaeem Abd Hadi, Ummi Azmira Ahmad Azam, Abdul Hafiz Alias, Saiful Aizar Kesut, Jun May Lee, Dar Vin Ooi, Hetty Ayuni Sulaiman, Tengku Alini Tengku Lih, Jeyaganesh Veerakumaran, Eder Rojas, Gerardo Esteban Alvarez Resendiz, Darcy Danitza Mari Zapata, Julio Cesar Jesús Aguilar López, Armando Adolfo Alvarez Flores, Juan Carlos Bravo Amador, Erendira Jocelin Dominguez Avila, Laura Patricia González Aquino, Ricardo Lopez Rodriguez, Mariana Torres Landa, Emma Urias, Markus Hollmann, Abraham Hulst, Osne Kirzner Benedikt Preckel, Ankie Koopman-van Gemert, Marc Buise, Noortje Tolenaar, Eric Weber, Jennifer de Fretes, Peter Houweling, Patricia Ormskerk, Jasper Van Bommel, Marcus Lance, Valerie Smit-Fun, Tom van Zundert, Peter Baas, Hans Donald de Boer, Joost Sprakel, Renske Elferink-Vonk, Peter Noordzij, Laura van Zeggeren, Bastiaan Brand, Rob Spanjersberg, Janneke ten Bokkel-Andela, Sandra Numan, Wilton van Klei, Bas van Zaane, Christa Boer, Yoni van Duivenvoorde, Jens Peter Hering, Sylvia van Rossum, Harry Zonneveldt, Doug Campbell, Siobhan Hoare, Sahayam Santa, Marlynn Ali, Sara Jane Allen, Rachel Bell, Hyun-min David Choi, Matthew Drake, Helen Farrell, Katia Hayes, Kushlin Higgie, Kerry Holmes, Nicole Jenkins, Chang Joon Kim, Steven Kim, Kiew Chai Law, Davina McAllister, Karen Park, Karen Pedersen, Leesa Pfeifer, Anna Pozaroszczyk, Timothy Salmond, Martin Steynor, Michael Tan, Ellen Waymouth, Ahmad Sufian Ab Rahman, John Armstrong, Rosie Dudson, Nia Jenkins, Jayashree Nilakant, Seigne Richard, Pardeep Virdi, Liane Dixon, Roana Donohue, Mehreen Farrow, Ross Kennedy, Henderson Marissa, Margie McKellow, Delany Nicola, Rebecca Pascoe, Stephen John Roberts, George Rowell, Matthew Sumner, Paul Templer, Shardha Chandrasekharan, Graham Fulton, Ib Jammer, Richard More, Leona Wilson, Yuan Hsuan Chang, Julia Foley, Carolyn Fowler, Jonathan Panckhurst, Rachel Sara, Francois Stapelberg, Veronica Cherrett, Donna Louise Ganter, Lloyd McCann, Fiona Gilmour, Rachelle Lumsden, Mark Moores, Sue Olliff, Elitza Sardareva, Joyce Tai, Matthew Wikner, Christopher Wong, Mark Chaddock, Carolyn Czepanski, Patrick McKendry, Daniel Polakovic, Daniel Polakovich, Axe Robert, Margarita Tormo Belda, Tracy Norton, Fadhel Alherz, Lisa Barneto, Alberto Ramirez, Ahmed Sayeed, Nicola Smith, Cambell Bennett, Shane McQuoid, Tracy-Lee Jansen, Zin Nico, John Scott, David Freschini, Angela Freschini, Brian Hopkins, Lara Manson, Deon Stoltz, Alexander Bates, Simon Davis, Victoria Freeman, Lynette McGaughran, Maya Williams, Swarna Baskar Sharma, Tom Burrows, Kelly Byrne, Duane English, Robert Johnson, Brendon Manikkam, Shaun Naidoo, Margot Rumball, Nicola Whittle, Romilla Franks, Hannah Gibson-Lapsley, Ryan Salter, Dean Walsh, Richard Cooper, Katherine Perry, Amos Obobolo, Umar Musa Sule, Abdurrahman Ahmad, Mamuda Atiku, Alhassan Datti Mohammed, Adamu Muhammad Sarki, Oyebola Adekola, Olanrewaju Akanmu, Adekunle Durodola, Olusegun Olukoju, Victor Raji, Tokunbo Olajumoke, Emmanuel Oyebamiji, Anthony Adenekan, Adedapo Adetoye, Folayemi Faponle, Simeon Olateju, Afolabi Owojuyigbe, Ademola Talabi, Odewabi Adenike, Badru Adewale, Nwokoro Collins, Emmanuel Ezekiel, Oluwabunmi Motunrayo Fatungase, Anuforo Grace, Sotannde Sola, Ogunmuyiwa Stella, Adeyinka Ademola, Augustine A. 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Collins, Suzanne Coulter, Ross Cruickshank, Sonya Daniel, Thomas Daubeny, Mark Edwards, Kim Golder, Lesley Hawkins, Bryant Helen, Honor Hinxman, Denny Levett, Karen Salmon, Leanne Seaward, Ben Skinner, Bryony Tyrell, Beverley Wadams, Joseph Walsgrove, Jane Dickson, Kathryn Constantin, Markwell Karen, Peter O'Brien, Lynn O'Donohoe, Hannah Payne, Saul Sundayi, Elaine Walker, Jenny Brooke, Jon Cardy, Sally Humphreys, Laura Kessack, Christiane Kubitzek, Suhas Kumar, Donna Cotterill, Emil Hodzovic, Gurunath Hosdurga, Edward Miles, Glenn Saunders, Marta Campbell, Peter Chan, Kim Jemmett, Ashok Raj, Aditi Naik, Ayo Oshowo, Rajarajan Ramamoorthy, Nimesh Shah, Axel Sylvan, Katharine Blyth, Andrew Burtenshaw, David Freeman, Emily Johnson, Philip Lo, Terry Martin, Emma Plunkett, Julie Wollaston, Joanna Allison, Christine Carroll, Nicholas Craw, Sarah Craw, Tressy Pitt-Kerby, Rebecca Rowland-Axe, Katie Spurdle, Andrew McDonald, Davies Simon, Vivek Sinha, Thomas Smith, Valerie Banner-Goodspeed, Myles Boone, Kathleen Campbell, Fengxin Lu, Joseph Scannell, Julia Sobol, Naraida Balajonda, Karen Clemmons, Carlos Conde, Magdi Elgasim, Bonita Funk, Roger Hall, Thomas Hopkins, Omowunmi Olaleye, Omer Omer, Michelle Pender, Angelo Porto, Alice Stevens, Peter Waweru, Erlinda Yeh, Daniella Bodansky, Adam Evans, Steven Kleopoulos, Robert Maril, Edward Mathney, Angela Sanchez, Elizabeth Tinuoye, Brian Bateman, Kristen Eng, Ning Jiang, Karim Ladha, Joseph Needleman, Lee-lynn Chen, Rondall Lane, David Robinowitz, Neil Ghushe, Mariam Irshad, John O'Connor, Samir Patel, Steven Takemoto, Art Wallace, Michael Mazzeffi, Peter Rock, Karin Wallace, Xiaomao Zhu, Pandora Chua, Matthew Mattera, Rebecca Sharar, Stephan Thilen, Miriam Treggiari, Angela Morgan, Iwan Sofjan, Kathirvel Subramaniam, Michael Avidan, Hannah Maybrier, Maxwell Muench, Troy Wildes, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Anesthesiology research group, Supporting clinical sciences, Anesthesiology, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Royal Free Hospital [London, UK], NHS Foundation Trust [London], The Royal Marsden, University of Cape Town, Linköping university hospital, University of Edinburgh, Abbott, T E F, Ahmad, T, Phull, M K, Fowler, A J, Hewson, R, Biccard, B M, Chew, M S, Gillies, M, Pearse RM, Beattie S, Clavien PA, Demartines N, Fleisher LA, Grocott M, Haddow J, Hoeft A, Holt P, Moreno R, Pritchard N, Rhodes A, Wijeysundera D, Wilson M, Ahmed T, Everingham K, Hewson R, Januszewska M, Phull MK, Halliwell R, Shulman M, Myles P, Schmid W, Hiesmayr M, Wouters P, de Hert S, Lobo S, Fang X, Rasmussen L, Futier E, Biais M, Venara A, Slim K, Sander M, Koulenti D, Arvaniti K, Chan M, Kulkarni A, Chandra S, Tantri A, Geddoa E, Abbas M, Della Rocca G, Sivasakthi D, Mansor M, Luna P, Bouwman A, Buhre W, Beavis V, Campbell D, Short T, Osinaike T, Matos R, Grigoras I, Kirov M, Protsenko D, Biccard B, Aldecoa C, Chew M, Hofer C, Hubner M, Ditai J, Szakmany T, Fleisher L, Ferguson M, MacMahon M, Cherian R, Currow H, Kanathiban K, Gillespie D, Pathmanathan E, Phillips K, Reynolds J, Rowley J, Douglas J, Kerridge R, Garg S, Bennett M, Jain M, Alcock D, Terblanche N, Cotter R, Leslie K, Stewart M, Zingerle N, Clyde A, Hambidge O, Rehak A, Cotterell S, Huynh WBQ, McCulloch T, Ben-Menachem E, Egan T, Cope J, Fellinger P, Haisjackl M, Haselberger S, Holaubek C, Lichtenegger P, Scherz F, Hoffer F, Cakova V, Eichwalder A, Fischbach N, Klug R, Schneider E, Vesely M, Wickenhauser R, Grubmueller KG, Leitgeb M, Lang F, Toro N, Bauer M, Laengle F, Haberl C, Mayrhofer T, Trybus C, Buerkle C, Forstner K, Germann R, Rinoesl H, Schindler E, Trampitsch E, Bogner G, Dankl D, Duenser M, Fritsch G, Gradwohl-Matis I, Hartmann A, Hoelzenbein T, Jaeger T, Landauer F, Lindl G, Lux M, Steindl J, Stundner O, Szabo C, Bidgoli J, Verdoodt H, Forget P, Kahn D, Lois F, Momeni M, Prégardien C, Pospiech A, Steyaert A, Veevaete L, De Kegel D, De Jongh K, Foubert L, Smitz C, Vercauteren M, Poelaert J, Van Mossevelde V, Abeloos J, Bouchez S, Coppens M, De Baerdemaeker L, Deblaere I, De Bruyne A, Fonck K, Heyse B, Jacobs T, Lapage K, Moerman A, Neckebroek M, Parashchanka A, Roels N, Van Den Eynde N, Vandenheuvel M, Limmen J, Vanluchene A, Vanpeteghem C, Wyffels P, Huygens C, Vandenbempt P, Van de Velde M, Dylst D, Janssen B, Schreurs E, Aleixo FB, Candido K, Batista HD, Guimarães M, Guizeline J, Hoffmann J, Lobo FRM, Nascimento V, Nishiyama K, Pazetto L, Souza D, Rodrigues RS, Vilela Dos Santos AM, Jardim J, Sá Malbouisson LM, Silva J, Nascimento Junior PD, Baio TH, Pereira de Castro GI, Watanabe Oliveira HR, Amendola CP, Cardoso G, Ortega D, Brotto AF, De Oliveira MC, Réa-Neto Á, Dias F, Travi ME, Zerman L, Azambuja P, Knibel MF, Martins A, Almeida W, Neto CN, Tardelli MA, Caser E, Machado M, Aguzzoli C, Baldisserotto S, Tabajara FB, Bettega F, Rodrigues Júnior HC, de Gasperi J, Faina L, Nolasco MF, Ferreira da Costa Fischer B, Fosch de Campos Ferreira M, Hartmann C, Kliemann M, Hubert Ribeiro GL, Fraga JM, Netto TM, Pozza LV, Wendling PR, Azevedo C, Garcia J, Lopes M, Maia B, Maselli P, Melo R, Mendes W, Neves M, Ney J, Piras C, Applewhaite C, Carr A, Chow L, Duttchen K, Foglia J, Greene M, Hinther A, Houston K, McCormick TJ, Mikhayel J, Montasser S, Ragan A, Suen A, Woolsey A, Yu HC, Funk D, Kowalski S, Legaspi R, McDonald H, Siddiqui F, Pridham J, Rowe B, Sampson S, Thiessen B, Zbitnew G, Bernard A, George R, Jones P, Moor R, Siddiqui N, Wolfer A, Tran D, Winch D, Dobson G, McCormick T, Montasser O, Hall R, Baghirzada L, Curley G, Dai SY, Hare G, Lee E, Shastri U, Tsui A, Yagnik A, Alvares D, Choi S, Dwyer H, Flores K, McCartney C, Somascanthan P, Carroll J, Pazmino-Canizares J, Wolfer A, Ami N, Chan V, Perlas A, Argue R, Huang Y, Lavis K, Mayson K, Cao Y, Gao H, Hu T, Lv J, Yang J, Yang Y, Zhong Y, Zhou J, Zou X, He M, Li X, Luo D, Wang H, Yu T, Chen L, Wang L, Cai Y, Cao Z, Li Y, Lian J, Sun H, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang K, Zhu Y, Du X, Fan H, Fu Y, Huang L, Huang Y, Hwan H, Luo H, Qu PS, Tao F, Wang Z, Wang G, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen C, Wang W, Liu Z, Fan L, Tang J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Han Y, Huang C, Liang G, Shen J, Wang J, Yang Q, Zhen J, Zhou H, Chen J, Chen Z, Li X, Meng B, Ye H, Zhang X, Bi Y, Cao J, Guo F, Lin H, Liu Y, Lv M, Shi P, Song X, Sun C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang M, Chen R, Hou J, Leng Y, Meng QT, Qian L, Shen ZY, Xia ZY, Xue R, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhou XJ, Chen Q, Guo H, Guo Y, Qi Y, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhang W, Zheng L, Bao Q, Chen Y, Chen Y, Fei Y, Hu N, Hu X, Lei M, Li X, Lv X, Miao F, Ouyang L, Qian L, Shen C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Wu C, Xu L, Yuan J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhao C, Zhao L, Zheng T, Zhou D, Zhou H, Zhou C, Lu K, Zhao T, He C, Chen H, Chen S, Cheng B, He J, Jin L, Li C, Li H, Pan Y, Shi Y, Wen XH, Wu S, Xie G, Zhang K, Zhao B, Lu X, Chen F, Liang Q, Lin X, Ling Y, Liu G, Tao J, Yang L, Zhou J, Chen F, Cheng Z, Dai H, Feng Y, Hou B, Gong H, Hu CH, Huang H, Huang J, Jiang Z, Li M, Lin J, Liu M, Liu W, Liu Z, Liu Z, Luo F, Ma L, Min J, Shi X, Song Z, Wan X, Xiong Y, Xu L, Yang S, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao L, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zhu X, Bai Y, Chen L, Chen S, Dai Q, Geng W, Han K, He X, Huang L, Ji B, Jia D, Jin S, Li Q, Liang D, Luo S, Lwang L, Mo Y, Pan Y, Qi X, Qian M, Qin J, Ren Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Wang J, Wang L, Xie J, Yan Y, Yao Y, Zhang M, Zhao J, Zhuang X, Ai Y, Du F, He L, Huang L, Li Z, Li H, Li Y, Li L, Meng S, Yuan Y, Zhang E, Zhang J, Zhao S, Ji Z, Pei L, Wang L, Chen C, Dong B, Li J, Miao Z, Mu H, Qin C, Su L, Wen Z, Xie K, Yu Y, Yuan F, Hu X, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Zhu Z, Dai Q, Fu K, Hu R, Hu X, Huang S, Li Y, Liang Y, Yu S, Guo Z, Jing Y, Tang N, Wu J, Yuan D, Zhang R, Zhao X, Li Y, Bai HP, Liu CX, Liu FF, Ren W, Wang XL, Xu GJ, Hu N, Li B, Ou Y, Tang Y, Yao S, Zhang S, Kong CC, Liu B, Wang T, Xiao W, Lu B, Xia Y, Zhou J, Cai F, Chen P, Hu S, Wang H, Xu Q, Hu L, Jing L, Li B, Liu Q, Liu Y, Lu X, Peng ZD, Qiu X, Ren Q, Tong Y, Wang J, Wen Y, Wu Q, Xia J, Xie J, Xiong X, Xu S, Yang T, Ye H, Yin N, Yuan J, Zeng Q, Zhang B, Zheng K, Cang J, Chen S, Fan Y, Fu S, Ge X, Guo B, Huang W, Jiang L, Jiang X, Liu Y, Pan Y, Ren Y, Shan Q, Wang J, Wang F, Wu C, Zhang X, Christiansen IC, Granum SN, Rasmussen BS, Daugaard M, Gambhir R, Brandsborg B, Steingrímsdóttir GE, Jensen-Gadegaard P, Olsen KS, Siegel H, Eskildsen KZ, Gätke MR, Wibrandt I, Heintzelmann SB, Wiborg Lange KH, Lundsgaard RS, Amstrup-Hansen L, Hovendal C, Larsen M, Lenstrup M, Kobborg T, Larsen JR, Pedersen AB, Smith SH, Oestervig RM, Afshari A, Andersen C, Ekelund K, Secher EL, Beloeil H, Lasocki S, Ouattara A, Sineus M, Molliex S, Legouge ML, Wallet F, Tesniere A, Gaudin C, Lehur P, Forsans E, de Rudnicki S, Maudet VS, Mutter D, Sojod G, Ouaissi M, Regimbeau JM, Desbordes J, Comptaer N, Manser DE, Ethgen S, Lebuffe G, Auer P, Härtl C, Deja M, Legashov K, Sonnemann S, Wiegand-Loehnert C, Falk E, Habicher M, Angermair S, Laetsch B, Schmidt K, Von Heymann C, Ramminger A, Jelschen F, Pabel S, Weyland A, Czeslick E, Gille J, Malcharek M, Sablotzki A, Lueke K, Wetzel P, Weimann J, Lenhart FP, Reichle F, Schirmer F, Hüppe M, Klotz K, Nau C, Schön J, Mencke T, Wasmund C, Bankewitz C, Baumgarten G, Fleischer A, Guttenthaler V, Hack Y, Kirchgaessner K, Männer O, Schurig-Urbaniak M, Struck R, van Zyl R, Wittmann M, Goebel U, Harris S, Veit S, Andreadaki E, Souri F, Katsiadramis I, Skoufi A, Vasileiou M, Aimoniotou-Georgiou E, Katsourakis A, Veroniki F, Vlachogianni G, Petra K, Chlorou D, Oloktsidou E, Ourailoglou V, Papapostolou K, Tsaousi G, Daikou P, Dedemadi G, Kalaitzopoulos I, Loumpias C, Bristogiannis S, Dafnios N, Gkiokas G, Kontis E, Kozompoli D, Papailia A, Theodosopoulos T, Bizios C, Koutsikou A, Moustaka A, Plaitakis I, Armaganidis A, Christodoulopoulou T, Lignos M, Theodorakopoulou M, Asimakos A, Ischaki E, Tsagkaraki A, Zakynthinos S, Antoniadou E, Koutelidakis I, Lathyris D, Pozidou I, Voloudakis N, Dalamagka M, Elena G, Chronis C, Manolakaki D, Mosxogiannidis D, Slepova T, Tsakiridou IS, Lampiri C, Vachlioti A, Panagiotakis C, Sfyras D, Tsimpoukas F, Tsirogianni A, Axioti E, Filippopoulos A, Kalliafa E, Kassavetis G, Katralis P, Komnos I, Pilichos G, Ravani I, Totis A, Apagaki E, Efthymiadi A, Kampagiannis N, Paraforou T, Tsioka A, Georgiou G, Vakalos A, Bairaktari A, Charitos E, Markou G, Niforopoulou P, Papakonstantinou N, Tsigou E, Xifara A, Zoulamoglou M, Gkioni P, Karatzas S, Kyparissi A, Mainas E, Papapanagiotou I, Papavasilopoulou T, Fragandreas G, Georgopoulou E, Katsika E, Psarras K, Synekidou E, Verroiotou M, Vetsiou E, Zaimi D, Anagnou A, Apostolou K, Melissopoulou T, Rozenberg T, Tsigris C, Boutsikos G, Kalles V, Kotsalas N, Lavdaiou C, Paikou F, Panagou GL, Spring A, Botis I, Drimala M, Georgakakis G, Kiourtzieva E, Ntouma P, Prionas A, Xouplidis K, Dalampini E, Giannaki C, Iasonidou C, Ioannidis O, Lavrentieva A, Lavrentieva A, Papageorgiou G, Kokkinoy M, Stafylaraki M, Gaitanakis S, Karydakis P, Paltoglou J, Ponireas P, Chaloulis P, Provatidis A, Sousana A, Gardikou VV, Konstantivelli M, Lataniotou O, Lisari E, Margaroni M, Stamatiou K, Nikolaidis E, Pnevmatikos I, Sertaridou E, Andreou A, Arkalaki E, Athanasakis E, Chaniotaki F, Chatzimichali CA, Christofaki M, Dermitzaki D, Fiorentza K, Frantzeskos G, Geromarkaki E, Kafkalaki K, Kalogridaki M, Karydi K, Kokkini S, Kougentakis G, Lefaki T, Lilitsis E, Makatounaki A, Malliotakis P, Michelakis D, Neonaki M, Nyktari V, Palikyra I, Papadakis E, Papaioannou A, Sfakianakis K, Sgouraki M, Souvatzis X, Spartinou A, Stefanidou N, Syrogianni P, Tsagkaraki G, Arnaoutoglou E, Arnaoutoglou C, Bali C, Bouris V, Doumos R, Gkini KP, Kapaktsi C, Koulouras V, Lena A, Lepida D, Michos E, Papadopoulos D, Paschopoulos M, Rompou VA, Siouti I, Tsampalas S, Ververidou O, Zilis G, Charlalampidoy A, Christodoulidis G, Flossos A, Stamoulis K, Chan M, Tsang MSC, Tsang MS, Lai ML, Yip CP, Heymans Chan HM, Law B, Li WS, Chu HM, Koo EGY, Lam CCJ, Cheng KH, Lam T, Chu S, Lam WY, Wong KWK, Kwok D, Hung CYJ, Chan WKJ, Wong WL, Chung CKE, Ma SK, Kaushik S, Shah B, Shah D, Shah S, Ar P, Muthuchellappan R, Agarwal V, Divatia J, Mishra S, Nimje G, Pande S, Savarkar S, Shrivastava A, Thomas M, Yegnaram S, Hidayatullah R, Puar N, Niman S, Indra I, Hamzah Z, Yuliana A, Abidin UN, Dursin AN, Kurnia A, Susanti A, Handayani D, Alit MA, Arya A, Senapathi TGA, Utara UH, Wid WM, Wima S, Wir WM, Jehosua B, Kaunang J, Lantang EY, Najoan R, Waworuntu N, Awad H, Fuad A, Geddoa B, Khalaf AR, Al Hussaini S, Albaj S, Kenber M, Bettinelli A, Spadaro S, AlbertoVolta C, Giancarlo L, Sottosanti V, Copetti E, Spagnesi L, Toretti I, Alloj C, Cardellino S, Carmino L, Costanzo E, Fanfani LC, Novelli MT, Roasio A, Bellandi M, Beretta L, Bignami E, Bocchino S, Cabrini L, Corti D, Landoni G, Meroni R, Moizo E, Monti G, Pintaudi M, Plumari VP, Taddeo D, Testa V, Winterton D, Zangrillo A, Cloro LM, Colangelo C, Colangelo A, Rotunno G, Paludi MA, Maria CP, Pata A, Parrini V, Gatta A, Nastasi M, Tinti C, Baroselli A, Arrigo M, Benevento A, Bottini C, Cannavo' M, Gastaldi C, Marchesi A, Pascazio A, Pata F, Pozzi E, Premoli A, Tessera G, Boschi L, D'Andrea R, Ghignone F, Poggioli G, Sibilio A, Taffurelli M, Ugolini G, Ab Majid MA, Ab Rahman R, Joseph J, Pathan F, Sybil Shah MH, Yap HL, Cheah S, Chin II, Looi JK, Tan SC, Visvalingam S, Kwok FY, Lee CK, Tan TS, Wong SM, Abdullah NH, Liew CF, Luxuman L, Mohd Zin NH, Norddin MF, Raja Alias RL, Wong JY, Yong J, Bin Mustapha MT, Chan WK, Dzulkipli N, Kuan PX, Lee YC, Alias A, Guok EC, Jee CC, Ramon BR, Wong CW, Abd Ghafar FNI, Aziz FZ, Hussain N, Lee HS, Sukawi I, Woon YL, Abd Hadi HZ, Ahmad Azam UA, Alias AH, Kesut SA, Lee JM, Ooi DV, Sulaiman HA, Lih TAT, Veerakumaran J, Rojas E, Resendiz GEA, Zapata DDM, López JCJA, Flores AAA, Amador JCB, Avila EJD, Aquino LPG, Rodriguez RL, Landa MT, Urias E, Hollmann M, Hulst A, Benedikt Preckel OK, Gemert AK, Buise M, Tolenaar N, Weber E, de Fretes J, Houweling P, Ormskerk P, Van Bommel J, Lance M, Smit-Fun V, van Zundert T, Baas P, de Boer HD, Sprakel J, Elferink-Vonk R, Noordzij P, van Zeggeren L, Brand B, Spanjersberg R, Bokkel-Andela JT, Numan S, van Klei W, van Zaane B, Boer C, van Duivenvoorde Y, Hering JP, van Rossum S, Zonneveldt H, Campbell D, Hoare S, Santa S, Ali M, Allen SJ, Beavis V, Bell R, Choi HD, Drake M, Farrell H, Hayes K, Higgie K, Holmes K, Jenkins N, Kim CJ, Kim S, Law KC, McAllister D, Park K, Pedersen K, Pfeifer L, Pozaroszczyk A, Salmond T, Steynor M, Tan M, Waymouth E, Ab Rahman AS, Armstrong J, Dudson R, Jenkins N, Nilakant J, Richard S, Virdi P, Dixon L, Donohue R, Farrow M, Kennedy R, Marissa H, McKellow M, Nicola D, Pascoe R, Roberts SJ, Rowell G, Sumner M, Templer P, Chandrasekharan S, Fulton G, Jammer I, More R, Wilson L, Chang YH, Foley J, Fowler C, Panckhurst J, Sara R, Stapelberg F, Cherrett V, Ganter DL, McCann L, Gilmour F, Lumsden R, Moores M, Olliff S, Sardareva E, Tai J, Wikner M, Wong C, Chaddock M, Czepanski C, McKendry P, Polakovic D, Polakovich D, Robert A, Belda MT, Norton T, Alherz F, Barneto L, Ramirez A, Sayeed A, Smith N, Bennett C, McQuoid S, Jansen TL, Nico Z, Scott J, Freschini D, Freschini A, Hopkins B, Manson L, Stoltz D, Bates A, Davis S, Freeman V, McGaughran L, Williams M, Sharma SB, Burrows T, Byrne K, English D, Johnson R, Manikkam B, Naidoo S, Rumball M, Whittle N, Franks R, Gibson-Lapsley H, Salter R, Walsh D, Cooper R, Perry K, Obobolo A, Sule UM, Ahmad A, Atiku M, Mohammed AD, Sarki AM, Adekola O, Akanmu O, Durodola A, Olukoju O, Raji V, Olajumoke T, Oyebamiji E, Adenekan A, Adetoye A, Faponle F, Olateju S, Owojuyigbe A, Talabi A, Adenike O, Adewale B, Collins N, Ezekiel E, Fatungase OM, Grace A, Sola S, Stella O, Ademola A, Adeolu AA, Adigun T, Akinwale M, Fasina O, Gbolahan O, Idowu O, Olonisakin RP, Osinaike BB, Asudo F, Mshelia D, Abdur-Rahman L, Agodirin O, Bello J, Bolaji B, Oyedepo OO, Ezike H, Iloabachie I, Okonkwo I, Onuora E, Onyeka T, Ugwu I, Umeh F, Alagbe-Briggs O, Dodiyi-Manuel A, Echem R, Obasuyi B, Onajin-Obembe B, Bandeira ME, Martins A, Tomé M, Costa ACMM, Krystopchuk A, Branco T, Esteves S, Melo MA, Monte J, Rua F, Martins I, Pinho-Oliveira VM, Rodrigues CM, Cabral R, Marques S, Rêgo S, Jesus JST, Marques MC, Romao C, Dias S, Santos AM, Alves MJ, Salta C, Cruz S, Duarte C, Paiva AAF, Cabral TDN, Faria E Maia D, Correia da Silva RFM, Langner A, Resendes HO, Soares MDC, Abrunhosa A, Faria F, Miranda L, Pereira H, Serra S, Ionescu D, Margarit S, Mitre C, Vasian H, Manga G, Stefan A, Tomescu D, Filipescu D, Paunescu MA, Stefan M, Stoica R, Gavril L, Pătrășcanu E, Ristescu I, Rusu D, Diaconescu C, Iosep GF, Pulbere D, Ursu I, Balanescu A, Grintescu I, Mirea L, Rentea I, Vartic M, Lupu MN, Stanescu D, Streanga L, Antal O, Hagau N, Patras D, Petrisor C, Tosa F, Tranca S, Copotoiu SM, Ungureanu LL, Harsan CR, Papurica M, Cernea DD, Dragoescu NA, CarmenVaida LA, Ciobotaru OR, Aignatoaie M, Carp CP, Cobzaru I, Mardare O, Purcarin B, Tutunaru V, Ionita V, Arustei M, Codita A, Busuioc M, Chilinciuc I, Ciobanu C, Belciu I, Tincu E, Blaj M, Grosu RM, Sandu G, Bruma D, Corneci D, Dutu M, Krepil A, Copaciu E, Dumitrascu CO, Jemna R, Mihaescu F, Petre R, Tudor C, Ursache E, Kulikov A, Lubnin A, Grigoryev E, Pugachev S, Tolmasov A, Hussain A, Ilyina Y, Roshchina A, Iurin A, Chazova E, Dunay A, Karelov A, Khvedelidze I, Voldaeva O, Belskiy V, Dzhamullaev P, Grishkowez E, Kretov V, Levin V, Molkov A, Puzanov S, Samoilenko A, Tchekulaev A, Tulupova V, Utkin I, Allorto NL, Bishop DG, Builu PM, Cairns C, Dasrath A, de Wet J, Hoedt MD, Grey B, Hayes MP, Küsel BS, Shangase N, Wise R, Cacala S, Farina Z, Govindasamy V, Kruse CH, Lee C, Marais L, Naidoo TD, Rajah C, Rodseth RN, Ryan L, von Rhaden R, Adam S, Alphonsus C, Ameer Y, Anderson F, Basanth S, Bechan S, Bhula C, Biccard BM, Biyase T, Buccimazza I, Cardosa J, Chen J, Daya B, Drummond L, Elabib A, Abdel Goad EH, Goga IE, Goga R, Harrichandparsad R, Hodgson RE, Jordaan J, Kalafatis N, 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M, Shah K, Simons H, Solanki S, Spowart E, Stevens A, Thomas C, Waggett H, Yassaee A, Kennedy A, Scott S, Somanath S, Berg A, Hernandez M, Nanda R, Tank G, Wilson N, Wilson D, Al-Soudaine Y, Baldwin M, Cornish J, Davies Z, Davies L, Edwards M, Frewer N, Gallard S, Glasbey J, Harries R, Hopkins L, Kim T, Koompirochana V, Lawson S, Lewis M, Makzal Z, Scourfield S, Ahmad Y, Bates S, Blackwell C, Bryant H, Collins H, Coulter S, Cruickshank R, Daniel S, Daubeny T, Edwards M, Golder K, Hawkins L, Helen B, Hinxman H, Levett D, Salmon K, Seaward L, Skinner B, Tyrell B, Wadams B, Walsgrove J, Dickson J, Constantin K, Karen M, O'Brien P, O'Donohoe L, Payne H, Sundayi S, Walker E, Brooke J, Cardy J, Humphreys S, Kessack L, Kubitzek C, Kumar S, Cotterill D, Hodzovic E, Hosdurga G, Miles E, Saunders G, Campbell M, Chan P, Jemmett K, Raj A, Naik A, Oshowo A, Ramamoorthy R, Shah N, Sylvan A, Blyth K, Burtenshaw A, Freeman D, Johnson E, Lo P, Martin T, Plunkett E, Wollaston J, Allison J, Carroll C, Craw N, Craw S, Pitt-Kerby T, Rowland-Axe R, Spurdle K, McDonald A, Simon D, Sinha V, Smith T, Banner-Goodspeed V, Boone M, Campbell K, Lu F, Scannell J, Sobol J, Balajonda N, Clemmons K, Conde C, Elgasim M, Funk B, Hall R, Hopkins T, Olaleye O, Omer O, Pender M, Porto A, Stevens A, Waweru P, Yeh E, Bodansky D, Evans A, Kleopoulos S, Maril R, Mathney E, Sanchez A, Tinuoye E, Bateman B, Eng K, Jiang N, Ladha K, Needleman J, Chen LL, Lane R, Robinowitz D, Ghushe N, Irshad M, O'Connor J, Patel S, Takemoto S, Wallace A, Mazzeffi M, Rock P, Wallace K, Zhu X, Chua P, Mattera M, Sharar R, Thilen S, Treggiari M, Morgan A, Sofjan I, Subramaniam K, Avidan M, Maybrier H, Muench M, Wildes T., Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Queen Mary University of London [QMUL], Graduate School, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, 01 Internal and external specialisms, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, ACS - Microcirculation, Pearse, R M, International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISO), Group, Zangrillo, A, Landoni, G, Beretta, L., International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS) group, Pearse, R.M., Beattie, S., Clavien, P.A., Demartines, N., Fleisher, L.A., Grocott, M., Haddow, J., Hoeft, A., Holt, P., Moreno, R., Pritchard, N., Rhodes, A., Wijeysundera, D., Wilson, M., Ahmed, T., Everingham, K., Hewson, R., Januszewska, M., Phull, M.K., Halliwell, R., Shulman, M., Myles, P., Schmid, W., Hiesmayr, M., Wouters, P., de Hert, S., Lobo, S., Fang, X., Rasmussen, L., Futier, E., Biais, M., Venara, A., Slim, K., Sander, M., Koulenti, D., Arvaniti, K., Chan, M., Kulkarni, A., Chandra, S., Tantri, A., Geddoa, E., Abbas, M., Della Rocca, G., Sivasakthi, D., Mansor, M., Luna, P., Bouwman, A., Buhre, W., Beavis, V., Campbell, D., Short, T., Osinaike, T., Matos, R., Grigoras, I., Kirov, M., Protsenko, D., 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Swift, D., Walker, R., Bester, D., Cavanagh, S., Cripps, H., Daniel, H., Lynch, J., Pyke, S., Scholefield, J., Whitworth, H., Bottrill, F., Ramalingam, G., Webb, S., Akerman, N., Antill, P., Bourner, L., Buckley, S., Castle, G., Charles, R., Eggleston, C., Foster, R., Gill, S., Lindley, K., Lklouk, M., Lowery, T., Martin, O., Milne, D., O'Connor, P., Ratcliffe, A., Rose, A., Smith, A., Varma, S., Ward, J., Barcraft-Barnes, H., Camsooksai, J., Colvin, C., Reschreiter, H., Tbaily, L., Venner, N., Hamilton, C., Kelly, L., Toth-Tarsoly, P., Dodsworth, K., Foord, D., Gordon, P., Hawes, E., Lamb, N., Mouland, J., Nightingale, J., Rose, S., Schrieber, J., Al'Amri, K., Aladin, H., Arshad, M.A., Barraclough, J., Bentley, C., Bergin, C., Carrera, R., Clarkson, A., Collins, M., Denham, S., Griffiths, E., Ip, P., Jeyanthan, S., Joory, K., Kaur, S., Marriott, P., Mitchell, N., Nagaiah, S., Nilsson, A., Parekh, N., Pope, M., Seager, J., Serag, H., Tameem, A., Thomas, A., Thunder, J., Torrance, A., Vohra, R., Whitehouse, A., Wong, T., Blunt, M., Wong, K., Giles, J., Reed, I., Weller, D., Bell, G., Birch, J., Damant, R., Maiden, J., Mewies, C., Prince, C., Radford, J., Reynolds, T., Balain, B., Banerjee, R., Barnett, A., Burston, B., Edwards, J., Evans, C., Ford, D., Gallacher, P., Hill, S., Jaffray, D., Karlakki, S., Kennedy, J., Kiely, N., Lewthwaite, S., Marquis, C., Ockendon, M., Phillips, S., Pickard, S., Richardson, J., Roach, R., Smith, T., Spencer-Jones, R., Steele, N., Steen, J., Van Liefland, M., White, S., Faulds, M., Harris, M., Nicol, S., Pearson, S.A., Chukkambotla, S., Andrew, A., Attrill, E., Campbell, G., Datson, A., Fouracres, A., Graterol, J., Graves, L., Hong, B., Ishimaru, A., Karthikeyan, A., King, H., Lawson, T., Lee, G., Lyons, S., Hall, A.M., Mathoulin, S., Mcintyre, E., Mclaughlin, D., Mulcahy, K., Paddle, J., Robbins, J., Sung, W., Tayo, A., Trembath, L., Venugopal, S., Wigmore, G., Boereboom, C., Downes, C., Humphries, R., Melbourne, S., Tou, S., Ullah, S., Batchelor, N., Boxall, L., Broomby, R., Deen, T., Hellewell, A., Helliwell, L., Hutchings, M., Hutchins, D., Keenan, S., Mackie, D., Potter, A., Smith, F., Stone, L., Thorpe, K., Wassall, R., Woodgate, A., Baillie, S., Campbell, T., James, S., King, C., Marques de Araujo, D., Martin, D., Morkane, C., Neely, J., Rajendram, R., Burton, M., James, K., Keevil, E., Minik, O., Morgan, J., Musgrave, A., Rajanna, H., Roberts, T., Adamson, M., Jumbe, S., Kendall, J., Muthuswamy, M.B., Cruikshanks, A., Wrench, I., Zeidan, L., Ardern, D., Harris, B., Hellstrom, J., Martin, J., Thomas, R., Varsani, N., Brown, C.W., Docherty, P., Gillies, M., McGregor, E., Usher, H., Craig, J., Ahmad, T., Bodger, P., Creary, T., Fowler, A., Ijuo, E., Jones, T., Kantsedikas, I., Lahiri, S., McLean, A.L., Niebrzegowska, E., Phull, M., Wickboldt, N., Baldwin, J., Doyle, D., Mcmullan, S., Oladapo, M., Owen, T., Williams, A., Gregory, P., Husain, T., Kirk-Bayley, J., Mathers, E., Montague, L., Harper, M., Jack, J., Ridley, C., Avis, J., Cook, T., Dali-Kemmery, L., Kerslake, I., Lambourne, V., Pearson, A., Boyd, C., Callaghan, M., Lawson, C., McCrossan, R., Nesbitt, V., O'connor, L., Sinclair, R., Farid, N., Morgese, C., Bhatia, K., Karmarkar, S., Ahmed, J., Branagan, G., Hutton, M., Swain, A., Brookes, J., Cornell, J., Dolan, R., Hulme, J., Jansen van Vuuren, A., Jowitt, T., Kalashetty, G., Lloyd, F., Patel, K., Sherwood, N., Brown, L., Chandler, B., Deighton, K., Emma, T., Haunch, K., Cheeseman, M., Dent, K., Gray, C., Hood, M., Jones, D., Juj, J., Rao, R., Walker, T., Al Anizi, M., Cheah, C., Cheing, Y., Coutinho, F., Gondo, P., Hadebe, B., Hove, M.O., Khader, A., Krishnachetty, B., Rhodes, K., Sokhi, J., Baker, K.A., Bertram, W., Looseley, A., Mouton, R., Hanna, G., Arnold, G., Arya, S., Balfoussia, D., Baxter, L., Harris, J., Jones, C., Knaggs, A., Markar, S., Perera, A., Scott, A., Shida, A., Sirha, R., Wright, S., Frost, V., Andrews, E., Arrandale, L., Barrett, S., Cifra, E., Cooper, M., Dragnea, D., Elna, C., Maclean, J., Meier, S., Milliken, D., Munns, C., Ratanshi, N., Ramessur, S., Salvana, A., Watson, A., Ali, H., Critchley, R., Endersby, S., Hicks, C., Liddle, A., Pass, M., Ritchie, C., Thomas, C., Too, L., Welsh, S., Gill, T., Johnson, J., Reed, J., Davis, E., Papadopoullos, S., Attwood, C., Biffen, A., Boulton, K., Gray, S., Hay, D., Mills, S., Montgomery, J., Riddell, R., Simpson, J., Bhardwaj, N., Paul, E., Uwubamwen, N., Alexander, M., Arrich, J., Arumugam, S., Blackwood, D., Boggiano, V., Chan, Y.L., Chatterjee, D., Chhabra, A., Christian, R., Costelloe, H., Matthewman, M.C., Dalton, E., Darko, J., Davari, M., Dave, T., Deacon, M., Deepak, S., Edmond, H., Ellis, J., El-Sayed, A., Eneje, P., English, R., Ewe, R., Foers, W., Franklin, J., Gallego, L., Garrett, E., Goldberg, O., Goss, H., Greaves, R., Harris, R., Hennings, C., Jones, E., Kamali, N., Kokkinos, N., Lewis, C., Lignos, L., Malgapo, E.V., Malik, R., Milne, A., Mulligan, J.P., Nicklin, P., Palipane, N., Parsons, T., Piper, R., Prakash, R., Ramesh, B., Rasip, S., Reading, J., Rela, M., Reyes, A., Stephens, R., Rooms, M., Shah, K., Simons, H., Solanki, S., Spowart, E., Stevens, A., Waggett, H., Yassaee, A., Kennedy, A., Scott, S., Somanath, S., Berg, A., Hernandez, M., Nanda, R., Tank, G., Wilson, N., Wilson, D., Al-Soudaine, Y., Baldwin, M., Cornish, J., Davies, Z., Davies, L., Edwards, M., Frewer, N., Gallard, S., Glasbey, J., Harries, R., Hopkins, L., Kim, T., Koompirochana, V., Lawson, S., Lewis, M., Makzal, Z., Scourfield, S., Ahmad, Y., Bates, S., Blackwell, C., Bryant, H., Collins, H., Coulter, S., Cruickshank, R., Daniel, S., Daubeny, T., Golder, K., Hawkins, L., Helen, B., Hinxman, H., Levett, D., Salmon, K., Seaward, L., Skinner, B., Tyrell, B., Wadams, B., Walsgrove, J., Dickson, J., Constantin, K., Karen, M., O'Brien, P., O'Donohoe, L., Payne, H., Sundayi, S., Walker, E., Brooke, J., Cardy, J., Humphreys, S., Kessack, L., Kubitzek, C., Kumar, S., Cotterill, D., Hodzovic, E., Hosdurga, G., Miles, E., Saunders, G., Campbell, M., Chan, P., Jemmett, K., Raj, A., Naik, A., Oshowo, A., Ramamoorthy, R., Shah, N., Sylvan, A., Blyth, K., Burtenshaw, A., Freeman, D., Johnson, E., Lo, P., Martin, T., Plunkett, E., Wollaston, J., Allison, J., Carroll, C., Craw, N., Craw, S., Pitt-Kerby, T., Rowland-Axe, R., Spurdle, K., McDonald, A., Simon, D., Sinha, V., Banner-Goodspeed, V., Boone, M., Campbell, K., Lu, F., Scannell, J., Sobol, J., Balajonda, N., Clemmons, K., Conde, C., Elgasim, M., Funk, B., Hopkins, T., Olaleye, O., Omer, O., Pender, M., Porto, A., Waweru, P., Yeh, E., Bodansky, D., Evans, A., Kleopoulos, S., Maril, R., Mathney, E., Sanchez, A., Tinuoye, E., Bateman, B., Eng, K., Jiang, N., Ladha, K., Needleman, J., Chen, L.L., Lane, R., Robinowitz, D., Ghushe, N., Irshad, M., O'Connor, J., Patel, S., Takemoto, S., Wallace, A., Mazzeffi, M., Rock, P., Wallace, K., Chua, P., Mattera, M., Sharar, R., Thilen, S., Treggiari, M., Morgan, A., Sofjan, I., Subramaniam, K., Avidan, M., Maybrier, H., Muench, M., and Wildes, T.

Subjects
Male, Postoperative Complications/epidemiology, Hospital mortality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], surgery, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, cohort studies, 030202 anesthesiology, patient safety, 030212 general & internal medicine, Postoperative Period, Medicine(all), Middle Aged, Checklist, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, operative/mortality, Elective Surgical Procedures, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Meta-analysis, Cohort, Cohort studies, Female, Elective Surgical Procedure, postoperative care/methods, postoperative care/statistics and numerical data, surgical procedures, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based medicine, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, medicine, postoperative care/method, Humans, Elective Surgical Procedures/standards, Aged, Cohort Studies, Evidence-Based Medicine, Hospital Mortality, Patient Safety, Postoperative Complications/mortality, Postoperative Complications/prevention & control, Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods, business.industry, Odds ratio, Surgery, Observational study, business, cohort studie
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool.METHODS: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32-0.77); PCONCLUSIONS: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine.

Published
2018
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34. Prediagnostic transcriptomic markers of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia reveal perturbations 10 years before diagnosis

Author

M. Chadeau-Hyam, R.C.H. Vermeulen, D.G.A.J. Hebels, R. Castagné, G. Campanella, L. Portengen, R.S. Kelly, I.A. Bergdahl, B. Melin, G. Hallmans, D. Palli, V. Krogh, R. Tumino, C. Sacerdote, S. Panico, T.M.C.M. de Kok, M.T. Smith, J.C.S. Kleinjans, P. Vineis, S.A. Kyrtopoulos, P. Georgiadis, M. Botsivali, C. Papadopoulou, A. Chatziioannou, I. Valavanis, R. Gottschalk, D. van Leeuwen, L. Timmermans, H.C. Keun, T.J. Athersuch, P. Lenner, B. Bendinelli, E.G. Stephanou, A. Myridakis, M. Kogevinas, F. Saberi-Hosnijeh, L. Fazzo, M. de Santis, P. Comba, H. Kiviranta, P. Rantakokko, R. Airaksinen, P. Ruokojarvi, M.S. Gilthorpe, S. Fleming, T. Fleming, Y.-K. Tu, B. Jonsson, T. Lundh, K.-L. Chien, W.J. Chen, W.-C. Lee, C.K. Hsiao, P.-H. Kuo, H. Hung, S.-F. Liao, Chadeau Hyam, M, Vermeulen, Rc, Hebels, Dg, Castagn?, R, Campanella, G, Portengen, L, Kelly, R, Bergdahl, Ia, Melin, B, Hallmans, G, Palli, D, Krogh, V, Tumino, R, Sacerdote, C, Panico, Salvatore, de Kok, Tm, Smith, Mt, Kleinjans, Jc, Vineis, P, Kyrtopoulos, Sa, EnviroGenoMarkers project, Consortium, Toxicogenomics, RS: GROW - Oncology, RS: GROW - R1 - Prevention, Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), Dep IRAS, and IRAS RATIA-SIB

Subjects
Male, Lymphoma, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, immune system diseases, Models, hemic and lymphatic diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Prospective Studies, Chronic, Aetiology, B-cell lymphoma, Prospective cohort study, Multiple myeloma, Cancer, Principal Component Analysis, Genome, Leukemia, Tumor, Hematology, Middle Aged, Lymphocytic, Oncology, International (English), Female, epidemiology, Human, Adult, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, prospective cohort, lymphoma, Rare Diseases, Genetic, Clinical Research, medicine, Genetics, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Genetic Testing, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, mRNA analyses, Aged, EnviroGenoMarkers project consortium, Models, Genetic, business.industry, Genome, Human, Case-control study, B-Cell, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Orphan Drug, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, Etiology, Hematological neoplasm, business, Transcriptome, human activities, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background B-cell lymphomas are a diverse group of hematological neoplasms with differential etiology and clinical trajectories. Increased insights in the etiology and the discovery of prediagnostic markers have the potential to improve the clinical course of these neoplasms. Methods We investigated in a prospective study global gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 263 incident B-cell lymphoma cases, diagnosed between 1 and 17 years after blood sample collection, and 439 controls, nested within two European cohorts. Results Our analyses identified only transcriptomic markers for specific lymphoma subtypes; few markers of multiple myeloma (N = 3), and 745 differentially expressed genes in relation to future risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The strongest of these associations were consistently found in both cohorts and were related to (B-) cell signaling networks and immune system regulation pathways. CLL markers exhibited very high predictive abilities of disease onset even in cases diagnosed more than 10 years after blood collection. Conclusions This is the first investigation on blood cell global gene expression and future risk of B-cell lymphomas. We mainly identified genes in relation to future risk of CLL that are involved in biological pathways, which appear to be mechanistically involved in CLL pathogenesis. Many but not all of the top hits we identified have been reported previously in studies based on tumor tissues, therefore suggesting that a mixture of preclinical and early disease markers can be detected several years before CLL clinical diagnosis.

Published
2014
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35. Probing the very high energy gamma-ray spectral curvature in the blazar PG 1553+113 with the MAGIC telescopes

Author

Aleksi , J., Poutanen, J., Godinovi , N., Gonzalez Munoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Bangale, P., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Barrio, J. A., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Prandini, E., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Puljak, I., Lopez-Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Bednarek, W., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Biland, A., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Bernardini, E., Munar-Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Reinthal, R., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Ansoldi, S., Rugamer, S., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Blanch, O., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sillanpaa, A., Biasuzzi, B., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Bonnefoy, S., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Palatiello, M., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzi , T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Bonnoli, G., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Paneque, D., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Will, M., Zanin, R., D'Ammando, F., Buson, S., Lahteenmaki, A., Borracci, F., Tornikoski, M., Paoletti, R., Hovatta, T., Readhead, A. C. S., Max-Moerbeck, W., Richards, J. L., MAGIC Collaboration, Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Paredes, J. M., Antonelli, L. A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Paredes-Fortuny, X., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Antoranz, P., Delgado Mendez, C., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fidalgo, D., Persic, M., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Babic, A., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Aleksic J, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Babic A, Bangale P, Barrio JA, Gonzalez JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Biasuzzi B, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnefoy S, Bonnoli G, Borracci F, Bretz T, Carmona E, Carosi A, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Caneva G, De Lotto B, Wilhelmi ED, Mendez CD, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Eisenacher D, Elsaesser D, Fidalgo D, Fonseca MV, Font L, Frantzen K, Fruck C, Galindo D, Loez RJG, Garczarczyk M, Terrats DG, Gaug M, Godinovic N, Munoz AG, Gozzini SR, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hildebrand D, Hose J, Hrupec D, Idec W, Kadenius V, Kellermann H, Knoetig ML, Kodani K, Konno Y, Krause J, Kubo H, Kushida J, La Barbera A, Lelas D, Lewandowska N, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, Lopez M, Lopez-Coto R, Lopez-Oramas A, Lorenz E, Lozano I, Makariev M, Mallot K, Maneva G, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Marcote B, Mariotti M, Martinez M, Mazin D, Menzel U, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Munar-Adrover P, Nakajima D, Neustroev V, Niedzwiecki A, Nilsson K, Nishijima K, Noda K, Orito R, Overkemping A, Paiano S, Palatiello M, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Paredes-Fortuny X, Persic M, Poutanen J, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Puljak I, Reinthal R, Rhode W, Ribo M, Rico J, Garcia JR, Rugamer S, Saito T, Saito K, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schultz C, Schweizer T, Sillanpaa A, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Steinbring T, Storz J, Strzys M, Takalo L, Takami H, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzic T, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Thaele J, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Toyama T, Treves A, Vogler P, Will M, Zanin R, DAmmando F, Buson S, Lahteenmaki A, Tornikoski M, Hovatta T, Readhead ACS, Max-Moerbeck W, Richards JL, School services, ELEC, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aleksi , J., Ansoldi, Stefano, Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Godinovi , N., Gonzalez Munoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, Lopez, M., Lopez Coto, R., Lopez Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rugamer, S., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzi , T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Will, M., Zanin, R., Collaboration), (The M., D'Ammando, F., Buson, S., Lahteenmaki, A., Tornikoski, M., Hovatta, T., Readhead, A. C. S., Max Moerbeck, W., and Richards, J. L.

Subjects
gamma-rays: galaxies, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, MAGIC (telescope), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, ta213, 213 Electronic, automation and communications engineering, electronics, gamma rays: observations, blazar, BL Lac: AGNs: individual (PG 1553 + 113), individual: PG1553+113 [BL Lacertae objects], Extragalactic background light, active [galaxies], Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, general [gamma-rays], 1171 Geosciences, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ta221, galaxies: active, Cosmic background radiation, ta1171, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, active, BL Lacertae objects: general, BL Lacertae objects: individual: PG1553+113, cosmic background radiation, gamma-rays: galaxies, gamma-rays: general [galaxies], 114 Physical sciences, Blazar, galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: general, BL Lacertae objects: individual: PG1553+113, cosmic background radiation, gamma-rays: galaxies, gamma-rays: general, ta216, BL Lacertae objects: individual: PG1553+113, ta115, ta114, general [BL Lacertae objects], 221 Nanotechnology, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, BL Lacertae objects: general, gamma-rays: general, Redshift, Galaxies: active, Gamma-rays: galaxies, Gamma-rays: general, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies [gamma-rays], 115 Astronomy and space science, 216 Materials engineering, Intergalactic travel, ddc:520
Abstract

PG 1553+113 is a very-high-energy (VHE, $E>100\,\mathrm{GeV}$) $\gamma$-ray emitter classified as a BL Lac object. Its redshift is constrained by intergalactic absorption lines in the range $0.4, Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2015
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36. A survey analysis of the adoption of large language models among pathologists.

Author

Laohawetwanit T, Pinto DG, and Bychkov A

Subjects
Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Artificial Intelligence, Pathologists
Abstract

Objectives: We sought to investigate the adoption and perception of large language model (LLM) applications among pathologists., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted, gathering data from pathologists on their usage and views concerning LLM tools. The survey, distributed globally through various digital platforms, included quantitative and qualitative questions. Patterns in the respondents' adoption and perspectives on these artificial intelligence tools were analyzed., Results: Of 215 respondents, 100 (46.5%) reported using LLMs, particularly ChatGPT (OpenAI), for professional purposes, predominantly for information retrieval, proofreading, academic writing, and drafting pathology reports, highlighting a significant time-saving benefit. Academic pathologists demonstrated a better level of understanding of LLMs than their peers. Although chatbots sometimes provided incorrect general domain information, they were considered moderately proficient concerning pathology-specific knowledge. The technology was mainly used for drafting educational materials and programming tasks. The most sought-after feature in LLMs was their image analysis capabilities. Participants expressed concerns about information accuracy, privacy, and the need for regulatory approval., Conclusions: Large language model applications are gaining notable acceptance among pathologists, with nearly half of respondents indicating adoption less than a year after the tools' introduction to the market. They see the benefits but are also worried about these tools' reliability, ethical implications, and security., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pathology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2025
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37. Current laboratory testing practices for mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability testing: A survey-based review of current laboratory practices.

Author

Austin AL, Broaddus RR, Souers RJ, Kane ME, Kolhe R, Miller DV, Moncur JT, Ramkissoon S, Tafe LJ, Trembath DG, and Graham RP

Subjects
Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Immunohistochemistry, Laboratory Proficiency Testing, Colorectal Neoplasms genetics, Colorectal Neoplasms diagnosis, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Microsatellite Instability, DNA Mismatch Repair genetics
Abstract

Objectives: To describe mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) testing practices in laboratories using the College of American Pathologists (CAP) MSI/MMR proficiency testing programs prior to the 2022 publication of the MSI/MMR practice guidelines copublished by CAP and the Association of Molecular Pathology (AMP)., Methods: Data from supplemental questionnaires provided with the 2020-B MSI/MMR programs to 542 laboratories across different practice settings were reviewed. Questionnaires contained 21 questions regarding the type of testing performed, specimen/tumor types used for testing, and clinical practices for checkpoint blockade therapy., Results: Domestic laboratories test for MSI/MMR more often than international laboratories (P = .04) and academic hospitals/medical centers test more frequently than nonhospital sites/clinics (P = .03). The most commonly used testing modality is immunohistochemistry, followed by polymerase chain reaction, then next-generation sequencing. Most laboratories (72.6%; 347/478) reported awareness of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for patients with high MSI or MMR-deficient results., Conclusions: The results demonstrate the state of MMR and MSI testing in laboratories prior to the publication of the CAP/AMP best practice guidelines, highlighting differences between various laboratory types. The findings indicate the importance of consensus guidelines and provide a baseline for comparison after their implementation., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pathology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2025
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38. Nephrectomy in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A consensus statement of the ERA Genes & Kidney Working Group.

Author

Geertsema P, Gansevoort RT, Arici M, Capasso G, Cornec-Le-Gall E, Furlano M, Fuster DG, Galletti F, Gómez-Dos-Santos V, Perez-Gomez MV, Goumenos D, Halbritter J, Jambon E, Korst U, Leliveld AM, Felip MM, Figueiredo A, Nijenhuis T, Olsburgh J, Pol RA, Sayer JA, Stippel D, Torra R, Müller RU, and Casteleijn NF

Abstract

A substantial number of patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) undergo a nephrectomy, especially in work-up for a kidney transplantation. Currently, there is no evidence-based algorithm to guide clinicians which patients should undergo nephrectomy, the optimal timing of this procedure, or the preferred surgical technique. This systematic review-based consensus statement aimed to answer important questions regarding nephrectomy in ADPKD. A literature review was performed and extended to a meta-analysis when possible. For this purpose, PubMed and EMBASE were searched up to May 2024. Fifty-four publications, describing a total of 2391 procedures, were included. In addition, an exploratory questionnaire was sent to urologists, nephrologists, and transplant-surgeons. These sources were used to develop practice points about indications, complications, mortality, timing, and technique of nephrectomy. In addition, data on renal embolization as a potential alternative to nephrectomy was explored and summarized. To reach consensus, practice points were defined and improved in three Delphi survey rounds by experts of the European Renal Association Working Group Genes & Kidney and the European Association of Urology Section of Transplantation Urology. A total of 23 practice points/statements were developed, all of which reached consensus. Among others, it was deemed that nephrectomy can be performed successfully for various indications and is an intermediate risk procedure with acceptable mortality and minimal impact on kidney graft function when performed before, in the same session or after transplantation. The complication rate seems to increase when the procedure is performed as an emergency. During the work-up for transplantation, patient complaints should be assessed routinely by questionnaires to indicate symptom burden. Deciding on the need for nephrectomy and exploring potential alternatives such as kidney embolization should be a process of shared decision making, preferably after multidisciplinary consultation., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA.)

Published
2025
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39. Vintage and terroir are the strongest determinants of grapevine carposphere microbiome in the viticultural zone of Drama, Greece.

Author

Bekris F, Papadopoulou E, Vasileiadis S, Karapetsas N, Theocharis S, Alexandridis TK, Koundouras S, and Karpouzas DG

Abstract

The role of microbial terroir for enhancing the geographical origin of wines is well appreciated. Still, we lack a good understanding of the assembly mechanisms driving carposphere grapevine microbiota. We investigated the role of cultivar, vintage, terroir units (TUs) and vineyard geographic location on the composition of the carpospheric microbiota of three important cultivars in the viticultural zone of Drama, Greece using amplicon sequencing. Our strategy to define TUs based on georeferencing analysis allowed us to disentangle the effects of TU and vineyards geographic location, considered as a lumped factor in most studies to date. We hypothesized that: (i) these factors contribute differently on the assembly of the carposphere microbiome and that (ii) fungal and bacterial communities follow different assembly mechanisms. Vintage and TU were the stronger determinants of the carposphere fungal and bacterial communities, although the latter showed weaker response. The stronger effect of TU over vineyard geography and cultivar reinforces the role of microbial terroir in viticulture. We identified fungi (Cladosporium, Aureobasidium, Alternaria) and bacteria (Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Sphingomonadaceae) as main members of the core microbiome. These microorganisms were associated with specific cultivars and TUs, a feature that could be pursued towards a new microbiome-modulated paradigm of viticulture., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)

Published
2025
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40. Radiotherapy and surgery: can this combination be further optimized for patients with metastatic spine disease?

Author

Amelink JJGJ, Bindels BJJ, Kasperts N, MacDonald SM, Tobert DG, and Verlaan JJ

Subjects
Humans, Combined Modality Therapy methods, Spinal Neoplasms secondary, Spinal Neoplasms radiotherapy, Spinal Neoplasms surgery
Abstract

This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status, recent advancements, and future directions in the management of metastatic spine disease using both radiotherapy and surgery. Emphasis has been put on the integrated use of radiotherapy and surgery, incorporating recent developments such as separation surgery, active dose sparing of the surgical field, and the implementation of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer implants. Future studies should explore the effects of minimizing the time between radiotherapy and surgery and investigate the potential of vertebral re-ossification after radiotherapy to obviate the need for stabilization surgery. Concerted efforts should be directed toward fostering multidisciplinary collaboration among radiation oncologists, spine surgeons, and medical oncologists., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Published
2025
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41. A systematic review of variables associated with snakebite risk in spatial and temporal analyses.

Author

Collinson S, Lamb T, Cardoso IA, Diggle PJ, and Lalloo DG

Abstract

Background: Snakebite is a priority neglected tropical disease, but incidence data are lacking; current estimates rely upon incomplete health facility reports or ad hoc surveys. Spatial analysis methods harness statistical associations between case incidence and spatially varying factors to improve estimates. This systematic review aimed to identify variables associated with snakebite risk in spatial and temporal analyses for inclusion in geospatial studies to improve risk estimation accuracy., Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed and Web of Science in January 2023 for studies published since 1980 assessing snakebite outcomes and spatially varying factors at the setting level. Study quality was assessed using an adapted Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The results are presented by narrative synthesis., Results: Thirty-five studies were eligible; the majority were from Central and South America (18), then Asia (11). Climate and environment were most frequently assessed, with temperature, humidity and tree cover predominantly positively associated with snakebite risk, drought negatively associated and altitude negative/mixed. Crop and livestock variables mostly showed positive associations; population density and urban residence overwhelmingly displayed negative associations., Conclusions: This review identifies key variables that should be considered in future snakebite risk research. Limitations include low research availability from the highest risk regions. There is an evident need for greater research into snakebite risk variation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)

Published
2025
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42. Schlesneria sphaerica sp. nov., a neutrophilic, xylan-degrading planctomycete from a mountain wetland, and emended description of the genus Schlesneria.

Author

Kulichevskaya IS, Ivanova AA, Naumoff DG, Zlatogorskaya AA, Kachmazov GS, and Dedysh SN

Subjects
Genome, Bacterial, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Wetlands, Xylans metabolism, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Planctomycetales genetics, Planctomycetales classification, Planctomycetales isolation & purification, Planctomycetales metabolism
Abstract

Aerobic chemoorganotrophic planctomycetes of the genus Schlesneria colonize a wide spectrum of freshwater ecosystems. The only described species of this genus, S. paludicola, is represented by ellipsoid-shaped, moderately acidophilic bacteria isolated from acidic peat bogs. Here, we characterize a novel neutrophilic member of this genus from a mountain wetland, strain T3-172T. This isolate possesses unpigmented, non-motile, spherical cells, which grow on media containing some mono- and polysaccharides in the pH range of 6.0-7.5 and at temperatures between 15 and 37°C. Good growth is observed on xylan, one of the major plant cell wall biopolymers. The genome of strain T3-172T is 7.16 Mb in size and contains two unlinked sets of rRNA genes, 93 tRNA genes, and about 5500 potential protein-coding genes. Among the latter, the GH5 family protein is identified as the most reliable candidate for the cleavage of xylan. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain T3-172T displays 97.8% similarity to that of S. paludicola MPL7T, and the average nucleotide identity between the genomes of these planctomycetes is 71.6%. We, therefore, propose a novel species of the genus Schlesneria, S. sphaerica sp. nov., with strain T3-172T (=KCTC 102306T = VKM B-3856T) as the type strain., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)

Published
2025
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43. The British Geriatrics Society's position on assisted dying.

Author

Stanners AJ, Vernon MJ, Clift E, Davis E, Evans S, Ismail S, Jenkinson G, Kalmus E, Savage L, Smithard DG, Ulley JM, and Wells S

Subjects
Humans, United Kingdom, Societies, Medical, Terminal Care legislation & jurisprudence, Terminal Care ethics, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Suicide, Assisted legislation & jurisprudence, Suicide, Assisted ethics, Geriatrics legislation & jurisprudence
Abstract

In response to increased focus on the issue of Assisted Dying (AD) in the UK due to the presentation of The Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill 2024-25 [1] and bills before parliaments in the Isle of Man, Guernsey and Scotland, the British Geriatric Society (BGS) recently developed a position statement opposing legalisation of AD in the UK [2]. We set out our key reasoning behind this position, namely the current adverse health and social care context and significant concern about whether effective safeguards can be created to protect older people with complex needs from undue harms. The BGS asks for improved, personalised, multidisciplinary care for older people at the end of their lives, including high-quality palliative and end-of-life care. It urges caution about legalisation and offers its expertise in any potential future shaping and implementation of AD legislation. This should include a conscience clause for professionals objecting to direct involvement. The main outcomes from a survey of member's opinions are also outlined [2]. The majority were against legalisation of AD; however, a significant minority were in favour, with some undecided. This diversity of opinion highlights a need for the Society to maintain balance and nuance on this difficult and emotive issue, warranting future BGS reviews if the relevant legislation changes., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2025
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44. Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery.

Author

Buniello A, Suveges D, Cruz-Castillo C, Llinares MB, Cornu H, Lopez I, Tsukanov K, Roldán-Romero JM, Mehta C, Fumis L, McNeill G, Hayhurst JD, Martinez Osorio RE, Barkhordari E, Ferrer J, Carmona M, Uniyal P, Falaguera MJ, Rusina P, Smit I, Schwartzentruber J, Alegbe T, Ho VW, Considine D, Ge X, Szyszkowski S, Tsepilov Y, Ghoussaini M, Dunham I, Hulcoop DG, McDonagh EM, and Ochoa D

Subjects
Humans, Software, Knowledge Bases, Internet, Drug Discovery
Abstract

The Open Targets Platform (https://platform.opentargets.org) is a unique, open-source, publicly-available knowledge base providing data and tooling for systematic drug target identification, annotation, and prioritisation. Since our last report, we have expanded the scope of the Platform through a number of significant enhancements and data updates, with the aim to enable our users to formulate more flexible and impactful therapeutic hypotheses. In this context, we have completely revamped our target-disease associations page with more interactive facets and built-in functionalities to empower users with additional control over their experience using the Platform, and added a new Target Prioritisation view. This enables users to prioritise targets based upon clinical precedence, tractability, doability and safety attributes. We have also implemented a direction of effect assessment for eight sources of target-disease association evidence, showing the effect of genetic variation on the function of a target is associated with risk or protection for a trait to inform on potential mechanisms of modulation suitable for disease treatment. These enhancements and the introduction of new back and front-end technologies to support them have increased the impact and usability of our resource within the drug discovery community., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.)

Published
2025
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45. Development of a reference standard to assign bacterial versus viral infection etiology using an all-inclusive methodology for comparison of novel diagnostic tool performance.

Author

Allen C, Deanehan JK, Dotan Y, Eisenberg MA, Fine AM, Isenberg J, Kane A, Kirshner D, Lyons TW, Maor Y, Neuberger A, Ostermayer DG, Paz S, Scheuerman O, Shiber S, Statler VA, Stein M, Yakubov R, Yanai S, Navon R, Kellerman L, Gottlieb TM, and Eden E

Abstract

Background: Diagnostic test evaluation requires a reference standard. We describe an approach for creating a reference standard for acute infection using unrestricted adjudication and apply it to compare biomarker tools., Methods: Adults and children with suspected acute infection enrolled in three prospective studies at emergency departments and urgent cares were included. Adjudicators, blinded to C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and MeMed BV (MMBV), labeled each case (bacterial/viral/non-infectious/indeterminate). Initial adjudication involved 3 adjudicators. Reference standard cohorts were defined: Microbiologically confirmed (3/3 adjudicators concur with high confidence and a concordant microbiological finding), unanimous (3/3 adjudicators concur with high confidence), suspected (3/3 adjudicators concur with high/moderate confidence or 2/3 adjudicators concur with high confidence) and all-inclusive (remaining unlabeled cases were reviewed by up to 7 additional adjudicators until reaching a leading label)., Results: Among 1016 patients, 156 difficult-to-diagnose cases required over 3 adjudicators. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the microbiologically confirmed (n=427), unanimous (n=565), suspected (n=860) and all-inclusive (n=1016) cohorts for MMBV were 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.94-1.00), 0.98 (0.95-1.00), 0.95 (0.92-0.98) and 0.90 (0.87-0.93), respectively, and for procalcitonin were 0.69 (0.57-0.81), 0.77 (0.68-0.86), 0.74 (0.68-0.80) and 0.70 (0.65-0.75), respectively. A delta in performance between MMBV and procalcitonin was maintained across the different cohorts., Conclusion: Creating a reference standard that includes difficult-to-diagnose cases demands an approach to addressing diagnostic uncertainty in acute infections. Tool performance depends on the reference standard applied and decreases as the difficulty to diagnose increases, highlighting the importance of using the same reference standard when comparing tools., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Published
2025
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46. Pregnancy With a Stoma is Feasible, Though Associated With Manageable Complications.

Author

Bouwknegt DG, van der Weide AHC, Dijkstra G, Goetgebuer RL, Oldenburg L, van Dop WA, Hirdes MMC, Prins JR, Hoogenboom FJ, van der Woude CJ, and Visschedijk MC

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often diagnosed in young adults, and therefore frequently coincides with pregnancy. Patients may require surgery that includes (temporary) stoma placement. Literature on the occurrence of stoma-complications during pregnancy and the effect on pregnancy outcomes is limited. To evaluate stoma- complications peri- and postpartum, a retrospective study was performed in women who were pregnant while having a stoma., Methods: This multicentre cohort and survey study included all pregnant patients with IBD and a stoma who delivered between 2016 and 2023 from 5 Dutch university hospitals. Stoma-complications and pregnancy outcomes were retrospectively collected from electronic patient files. A questionnaire assessed patient-reported complications and long-term stoma-related complaints., Results: In total, 50 patients were included (median age at conception 31.0 years; 55.2% Crohn's disease and 44.8% ulcerative colitis), comprising 67 pregnancies, 5 of which ended in pregnancy loss. Stoma complications occurred in 44 full-term pregnancies (71.0%), most commonly obstruction (35.5%) and decreased output (29.0%). Surgery was required in four pregnancies due to obstruction (n = 3) and prolapse (n = 2). In the first-year postpartum, 7 patients required surgery for stoma-complications. Amongst 29 women who completed the questionnaire, 10 (34.5%) reported unresolved complications 6 months postpartum. Cesarean sections were performed in 31 (50.0%) pregnancies. Adverse pregnancy outcomes included prematurity (n = 9, 14.5%), low birth weight (n = 9, 14.5%), and dysmaturity (n = 5, 8.1%)., Conclusions: Pregnancy with a stoma is feasible, though manageable complications often occur. Counseling before pregnancy and close monitoring of symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum are essential for women with IBD and a stoma., (© 2025 Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation.)

Published
2025
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47. Proof of concept of the Universal Baby video innovation for early child development in Lima, Peru.

Author

Nelson AK, Griest CJ, Munoz LM, Rumaldo N, Miller AC, Soplapuco GM, Lecca L, Shin SS, Acuña LR, Valdivia YV, Ramos AR, Ahumada DG, Ramos BRH, Mejia SA, Serrano EO, Castro WH, Oliva VE, Heyman AS, Hartwell LP, Blackwell RL, Diaz DF, and Vibbert MM

Subjects
Humans, Peru, Infant, Female, Male, Adult, Proof of Concept Study, Video Recording, Parenting, Feasibility Studies, Mothers psychology, Health Education methods, Child Development, Mother-Child Relations
Abstract

Objective: Community-based video interventions offer an effective and potentially scalable early interaction coaching tool for caregivers living in low resource settings. We tested the Universal Baby (UB) video innovation; an early interaction coaching tool using video sourced and produced locally with early child development (ECD) expert supervision., Methods: This proof-of-concept study enrolled 40 caregivers of children ages 10-18 months assigned to intervention and control groups by health establishments in Carabayllo, Lima, Peru. Mother/child dyads received 12 weekly group health education sessions with social support. Of those, 16 caregivers also received 6 UB videos featuring brain science education and local clips of responsive, reciprocal interaction, also known as "serve and return" interaction. Survey data assessed feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. We assessed improved quality of mother/child interaction using the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO)., Results: We found the program feasible. We successfully trained the local team to produce UB videos using locally-sourced footage and delivered the videos as part of a community-based intervention. We also found it to be acceptable in that participants enthusiastically received the UB videos, reporting they enjoyed being videotaped, and learned how to recognize and appropriately respond to their child's nuanced sounds and gestures. The median change in total PICCOLO scores favored the intervention group compared to the control group., Conclusions: UB offers great potential as a sustainable, potentially scalable, and culturally appropriate tool to promote equity for child development among young children living in low resource homes globally., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology.)

Published
2025
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48. Secure messaging telehealth billing in the digital age: moving beyond time-based metrics.

Author

Ko DG, Tachinardi U, and Warm EJ

Subjects
Humans, Computer Security, Electronic Health Records, Telemedicine, Machine Learning
Abstract

Objective: We proposed adopting billing models for secure messaging (SM) telehealth services that move beyond time-based metrics, focusing on the complexity and clinical expertise involved in patient care., Materials and Methods: We trained 8 classification machine learning (ML) models using providers' electronic health record (EHR) audit log data for patient-initiated non-urgent messages. Mixed effect modeling (MEM) analyzed significance., Results: Accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve scores generally exceeded 0.85, demonstrating robust performance. MEM showed that knowledge domains significantly influenced SM billing, explaining nearly 40% of the variance., Discussion: This study demonstrates that ML models using EHR audit log data can improve and predict billing in SM telehealth services, supporting billing models that reflect clinical complexity and expertise rather than time-based metrics., Conclusion: Our research highlights the need for SM billing models beyond time-based metrics, using EHR audit log data to capture the true value of clinical work., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2025
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50. Attenuation of HIV-specific T cell responses Among people with HIV on ART following dipyridamole treatment.

Author

Morris BC, Hixson EA, Klamar-Blain C, Gillespie DG, Abebe KZ, Rinaldo CR, Mellors JW, Jackson EK, Riddler SA, and Macatangay BJC

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Adenosine, HIV-1, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, Dipyridamole pharmacology, Dipyridamole therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections immunology
Abstract

Twelve weeks of dipyridamole increased extracellular adenosine levels and decreased T cell activation in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this analysis, we investigated the effect of dipyridamole on HIV-specific T cell responses. We compared changes in Gag- and Env-specific T cell responses using intracellular cytokine staining, following 12 wk of dipyridamole treatment vs placebo. We evaluated whether frequencies of polyfunctional HIV-specific T cells were associated with purines in the adenosine pathway and with measures of HIV persistence and chronic inflammation. There was a significant decrease in CD4+ polyfunctional T cell responses to Gag (-62.6% vs -23.0%; P < 0.001) and Env (-56.1% vs -6.0%; P < 0.001) in the dipyridamole arm. In the dipyridamole group, lower frequencies of polyfunctional Env-specific CD4+ T cells were associated with higher plasma levels of adenosine (r = -0.85, P < 0.01) and inosine (r = -0.70, P = 0.04). Higher adenosine levels induced by dipyridamole treatment is associated with decreased HIV-specific CD4+ T cell polyfunctional responses in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. B.J.M. and S.A.R. have received research funding from AstraZeneca and Merck. J.W.M. has served as a consultant for Gilead Sciences, Inc.; has received grant funding from Gilead Sciences, Inc., to the University of Pittsburgh (unrelated to the current work); has received compensation from Galapagos NV (unrelated to the current work); and holds share options in Galapagos NV, Infectious Disease Connect, Inc., and MingMed Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (unrelated to the current work)., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Leukocyte Biology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2024
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