1. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: projections from 2025 to 2050.
- Author
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Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Jauhari SM, Chan SP, Goh R, Kueh MTW, Li H, Chin YH, Kong G, Anand VV, Wang JW, Muthiah M, Jain V, Mehta A, Lim SL, Foo R, Figtree GA, Nicholls SJ, Mamas MA, Januzzi JL, Chew NWS, Richards AM, and Chan MY
- Abstract
Aims: The prediction of future trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and their risk factors can assist policy-makers in healthcare planning. This study aims to project geospatial trends in CVDs and their underlying risk factors from 2025 to 2050., Methods and Results: Using historical data on mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, encompassing the period of 1990 to 2019, Poisson regression was performed to model mortality and DALYs associated with CVD and its associated risk factors from 2025 to 2050. Subgroup analysis was based on GBD super-regions. Between 2025 and 2050, a 90.0% increase in cardiovascular prevalence, 73.4% increase in crude mortality, and 54.7% increase in crude DALYs are projected, with an expected 35.6 million cardiovascular deaths in 2050 (from 20.5 million in 2025). However, age-standardized cardiovascular prevalence will be relatively constant (-3.6%), with decreasing age-standardized mortality (-30.5%) and age-standardized DALYs (-29.6%). In 2050, ischaemic heart disease will remain the leading cause of cardiovascular deaths (20 million deaths) while high systolic blood pressure will be the main cardiovascular risk factor driving mortality (18.9 million deaths). Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia super-region is set to incur the highest age-standardized cardiovascular mortality rate in 2050 (305 deaths per 100 000 population)., Conclusion: In the coming decades, the relatively constant age-standardized prevalence of global CVD suggests that the net effect of summative preventative efforts will likely continue to be unchanged. The fall in age-standardized cardiovascular mortality reflects the improvement in medical care following diagnosis. However, future healthcare systems can expect a rapid rise in crude cardiovascular mortality, driven by the ageing global populace. The continued rise in CVD burden will largely be attributed to atherosclerotic diseases., Registration: Not applicable., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: M.Y.C. receives speaker’s fees and research grants from Astra Zeneca, Abbott Technologies and Boston Scientific. M.Y.C receives salary support from a National Medical Research Council Clinician Scientist Award-Senior Category (MOH-000280-00). N.W.S.C. has received research grant support from NUHS Seed Fund, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine's Academic Fellowship Scheme, the NUHS Clinician Scientist Program, and National Medical Research Council Research Training Fellowship. J.L.J. is supported by the Hutter Family Professorship; is a Trustee of the American College of Cardiology; is a board member of Imbria Pharmaceuticals; has received grant support from Abbott Diagnostics, Applied Therapeutics, Innolife, and Novartis; has received consulting income from Abbott Diagnostics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Jana Care, Janssen, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics; and participates in clinical endpoint committees/data safety monitoring boards for AbbVie, Siemens, Takeda, and Vifor. A.M.R. holds the New Zealand Heart Foundation Chair of cardiovascular Studies; and has received advisory board fees and/or grant support from Roche Diagnostics, Novo Nordisk, Abbott Laboratories, Thermo Fisher, Medtronic, Sphingotec, Novartis and Astra Zeneca. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2024
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