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study question: Are attachment anxiety and avoidance dimensions in female and male partners in couples seeking infertility treat- ment associated with her and his infertility-related stress? summary answer: Attachment dimensions are significantly associated with several aspects of infertility stress in couples undergoing IVF treatment. what is known and what this paper adds: Attachment dimensions of anxiety and avoidance (where highly anxious individuals fear rejection and are preoccupied with maintaining proximity to their partner and highly avoidant individuals are uncomfortable with intimacy and prefer to maintain distance from their partner) may influence the well being of individuals undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment. This study showed that one partner’s attachment dimensions had a direct effect on the infertility-related stress of the other partner. design: Cross-sectional study of consecutive couples before starting their first IVF/ICSI treatment in 2009–2011 at the ANDROS clinic in Palermo, Italy. participants and setting: Three hundred and fifty-nine couples undergoing fertility treatments were invited to participate in the research. The final sample comprised 316 females and 316 males who filled out the psychological questionnaires (Experiences in Close Rela- tionships; Fertility Problem Inventory; State scale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). The participants included patients who had a primary infertility diagnosis and were about to undergo their first IVF or ICSI treatment. data analysis method: Paired t-tests were used to examine gender differences on the study variables (attachment anxiety, attach- ment avoidance, infertility stress, state anxiety, etc.). Associations between infertility-related stress and the study variables were explored using hierarchical stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses. main results and the role of chance: Attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were significantly associated with global infertility stress in both women (b 1⁄4 0.24, P , 0.01 and b 1⁄4 0.27, P , 0.01) and men (b 1⁄4 0.23, P , 0.01 and b 1⁄4 0.37, P , 0.01). Regarding the cross-partner effects, men’s infertility stress and relationship concerns were associated with their partners’ attachment avoidance (b 1⁄4 0.10 P , 0.05 and b 1⁄4 0.12, P , 0.05); and the infertility stress of women and the scores for need of parenthood were associated with their partners’ attachment anxiety (b 1⁄4 0.14 P , 0.05 and b 1⁄4 0.16, P , 0.05). bias, confounding and other reasons for caution: The study data are cross sectional, and specifically focus on associations between adult attachment style and infertility stress. Treating the data from couples as independent observations may be a limi- tation of the analysis. Potential moderators of such relationships (e.g. coping strategies, stress appraisal) are not included in this study.