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We review five cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), confirmed by biopsy in three cases and by LCR JC virus research by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in two cases. We analysed the lesions and different forms of imagiological presentation, concerning location, mass effect, contrast enhancement and progress, and emphasize the importance of some atypical patterns. Reference is also made to the role of imaging in its diagnosis and new techniques, such as Spectroscopy and Transfer Magnetization, to avoid brain biopsy.

One case of intradiploic meningioma, causing partial occlusion of the superior longitudinal sinus, with subsequent visual trouble and another of lipomatous meningioma with great fat content and very calcified, that was found in a LCR fistula study of the cranial anterior stage, are described by the authors as atypical meningiomas.

A case of dementia can result from encephalopathy caused by venous hypertension, produced by a dural vascular malformation (DVM). The authors describe one tentorial DVM with sinusal venous drainage and retrograde reflux to the cerebral veins (type II), that originated a leukoencephalopathy, and a progressive demential symptomatology. This demential status partially regressed after surgical treatment.

The authors report a case of Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis and emphasize the role of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease describing a severe progressive cerebral atrophy. Clinical findings and laboratory data were reviewed and the importance of palmitoyl-protein thiosterase activity is described.