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Objectives: To find out Ocular surface disorder in persons using digital devises more than 8 hours Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Rashid Latif Medical College Lahore from August 2019 to December 2019. Students and IT department personal were included in this study using electronic gadgets more than 8 hours/day. 84 participants with age range 15 to 40 years and both genders were included by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaires was distributed to the participants and they were required to mark the appropriate answer in the questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20.0 software. Results: Out of 84 participants, 36(42.9%) were males and 48 (57.1%) were females. Mean age 23.63±4.103 years. 60(71.4%) were students and 24 (28.6%) were IT employees. Out of 84 participants 37(44.0%) had no dry eye. While 14(16.7%) had mild 11(13.1%) and 22(26.2%) had severe dry eye. According to gender 15(40.5%) male were normal, 6(42.9%) mild, 6(54.5%) moderate and 9(40.9%) had severe dry eye and 22(59.5%) female were normal, 8(57.1%) mild, 5(45.5%) moderate and 13(59.1%) had severe dry eye. According to occupation 28(57.7%) student were normal, 10(71.4%) mild, 8(72.7%) moderate and 14(63.6%) had severe dry eye and 9(24.3%) IT employs were normal, 4(28.6%) mild, 3(27.3%) moderate and 8(36.4%) had severe dry eye.OSDI was used to categorize severity of disease. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is significant frequency of dryness of eyes and other ocular symptoms among computer and other digital devices users. Dry eye was found more in females as compared to males. Students have been more affected than IT employers as students have been using digital devices such as smartphone, laptop for longer hours now a days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the visual outcome in children undergoing surgery after penetrating anterior segment ocular trauma. Methodology: This was a descriptive type cross sectional study conducted at Ophthalmology Department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital; Rahim Yar Khan from January 2018 to June 2019. 96 cases of either gender with age range of 3 to 18 years with penetrating anterior segment injuries were included by using non probability consecutive sampling technique. An informed consent was taken from parents of all participants. Pre-operative visual acuity was checked and slit lamp bio-microscopy was done for wound assessment. Trauma was categorized into following types based on location of wound as seen on slit lamp examination; Type1: Isolated cornealinvolvement, Type2: Corneal involvement along with scleral involvement up to 3mm posterior to limbus and Type3: Isolated sclera involvement. The injury was repaired as soon as possible and was followed at 2 and then 4 weeks follow, final outcome was checked by visual acuity and was labeled as good or bad. Data was entered in structured proforma and was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0 software. Results: In this study there were total 96 cases out of which were 51 (53.13%) males and 45 (46.88%) females with mean age of 9.23±3.79 years. The maximum cases had type II injury affecting 48 (50%) of cases. Good outcome was seen in 47 (48.96%) of cases after surgical intervention of which 26 (50.98%) were males as compared to 21 (46.67%) females. The outcome was better in age group 10-18 years, observed in 22 (55%) of cases. There was no significant difference in terms of type of injury, with highest number seen in type I where it was seen in 13 (54.17%) of cases in its respective group followed by type II where it was 50%. There were significant results seen in terms of type of injury where good outcome was seen in pencil injuries revealed in 20 (57.14%) cases as compared to needle or glass where it was seen in none of the cases with p= 0.04. Conclusion; Penetrating anterior segment injuries are common in Ophthalmic emergencies and good outcome is seen in almost half of the cases. There are significantly better results in pencil injuries as compared to needle or glass injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the frequency of success of inferior oblique myectomy in inferior oblique overaction. Methodology: This was a descriptive type cross sectional study conducted at Ophthalmology Department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital; Rahim Yar Khan from June 2016 to December 2018. A total of 150 patients with inferior oblique overaction, 20-50 years of age of both genders were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. An informed consent was taken from all participants. Data was entered in structured proforma and was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0 software. Strabismus assessment of patients was done by an optometrist before and after the procedure. Myectomy was performed in each patient by consultant Ophthalmologist and success was noted as yes or no at the end of 3 months follow up. Results: Out of 150 patients, 83 (55.33%) were males and 67 (44.67%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Mean age was 36.89 ± 8.06 years. Success was seen in 142 (94.67%) patients while remaining 08 (5.33%) had shown no success. Conclusion: This study concludedthat inferior oblique myectomy is a procedure of choice in patients having inferior oblique overaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Objective of this study is to investigate whether there is any effect of accommodation on Autoref reading before and after cycloplegia and to check out which age and type of refractive error is more effected by accommodation. Methods: An informed consent was obtained describing the detail of study and its implication. Therefore the subject was assured of their confidentially of information and outcome. Four groups were selected and effect of accommodation on patients autoref reading were measured. Autorefractor reading was noted before and after cycloplegia. Autoref reading was taken without cycloplegia in different age groups and then by using cyclopentolate to relax the accommodation and by repeating the autoref reading to find out difference in reading before and after cycloplegia. 110 patients of age group 3 to 60 were assessed by that method. Results: Accommodation affects different age groups except old age. Accommodation effects on refractive error more in age 3-15 years because accommodation is stronger in children. There was significant difference between morning and evening amplitude of accommodation as p<0.005. Conclusions: Accommodation affects different age group and the effect is maximum between 3-15 years and decreases with increasing age. Autoref overestimate myopia and under estimate hyperopia without cycloplegia. By using cycloplegia exact refractive error can be measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The key purpose of this study was to evaluate the proportion of dry eyes in patients of computer vision syndrome. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Material & Method: 100 students (55 males and 45 females) of King Edward Medical University, Lahore and HBS Medical and Dental College Hospital, Islamabad, having age group 18-30 years of both genders were included in the study. Data was composed using a structured proforma and 22 items questionnaire in all age groups having computer vision syndrome. Results: The schirmer test was performed to assess dry eyes in patients with computer vision syndrome. The results showed that 82% of patients with computer vision syndrome suffer from dry eyes as mean value on schirmer test was 9.52mm and 18% patients were normal with no dry eye symptom as the mean value on schirmer test was 15.44mm. The p-value (p=0.01) shows highly significant association between dry eye and computer vision syndrome. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is risk of dry eye patients among CVS as assessed by schirmer test. This risk increases with the duration of computer usage and elderly females are more prone to develop dry eye syndrome as compared to males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]