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Background: Paravalvular leak (PVL) can complicate mitral and aortic valves replacement. Most PVLs are often clinically insignificant. However, large leaks can lead to heart failure and infective endocarditis. Intravascular hemolytic anemia is common in small PVLs. Reoperation for closure of PVL is associated with high mortality. Transcatheter closure is less invasive and can be used in high-risk patients. Case summary: We present a case of a 38-year-old man with a history of Aortic Valve replacement (AVR) and Mitral valve replacement (MVR) who developed hemolytic anemia and haemoglobinurea. The patient was managed initially conservatively but later underwent redo valve surgery after exclusion of other causes of hemolytic anemia. Postoperatively, haemoglobinurea disappeared dramatically whereas anemia resolved gradually after surgery. Discussion: Significant intravascular hemolysis is a rare but serious complication of PVL that poses diagnostic problem to cardiac surgeons, but also for cardiologists and internal medicine professionals especially when the prosthetic valve function is considered adequate. PVL is the flow of blood through a track between the native cardiac tissue and the implanted valve due to any compromise in closure between the two. PVL is also more frequently seen after mitral (up to 20%) valve replacement than aortic prosthetic valves. PVLs are more frequently diagnosed by Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) than Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) due to its ability to detect minute jets of regurgitated blood. Conclusion: Either repair or re-replacement of prosthetic valves with PVLs is needed in about 1% to 5% of patients. The case study is presented to highlight PVL as a rare cause of haemoglobinurea and hemolytic anemia.

Dengue is one of the greatest important mosquito-borne viral sicknesses touching people; with over portion of the total populace living in regions at hazard initially, dengue infection contaminations happened for the most part as pestilences in tropical and subtropical nations There are four distinctive dengue infection (DENV) serotypes that share antigenic affiliations (DENV-1, DENV- 2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) Doctors/Scientists are confronting trouble in the characterization of dengue Virus (DV) through wet labs and accessible programming’s are not particular for this reason. Dengue infection has turned into a noteworthy general medical issue in Pakistan Through the computational approach, noteworthiness of ID in order for genome grouping of DV will turn out to be more productive in clinical and test ways. By methods for calculations it has been viewed as that rate of precision and factual control turn out to be more advantageous for genotyping of dengue Virus. On the premise of results we build up a Tool for the Classification of dengue Virus, the computational approach, importance of recognizable proof in arrangement for genome grouping of DV will turn out to be more effective in clinical and test ways.

Cavendish, the most widely grown banana cultivar, is relatively resistant to Race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc1) that caused widespread Panama disease during the first half of the 20th century but is susceptible to Tropical Race 4 of the Foc (Foc TR4), a threat to world banana production. Foc TR4 can spread into the vascular system of banana roots during the early infection process. The genome of the diploid species Musa acuminata; the ancestor of majority of the triploid banana cultivars has recently been sequenced. The identification for the resistant gene in this cultivar is a challenge for the researchers as the resistant gene against Foc4 has not been identified, the major focus of this research work was to identify the pathogenic genes and some resistant genes against those pathogenic genes, to get some better results for the laboratory work. The four resistant genes I, I-1, I-2, and I-3 were identified which provides resistance against Foc4 in banana. About three pathogenic genes SIX1 (SIX1A, SIX1B, SIX1C), SIX2, and SIX8 of Foc4 were identified. Out of these pathogenic genes SIX8 showed the greatest number of interactions with the resistant proteins. So it is proposed that I-1, I-2 and I-3 genes can be used in the further research work for providing better improvements of the resistive cultivars in banana.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a varied illness with an expected heritability of 25–30%. Many CRC disorders occur because of solid family history, a high penetrance of the infection, and developing various tumors at an early age. A few novel genes are recognized that shows associations with CRC, such as AURKA, BCAS1, GNAS and MLH1. Material and methods: In this research work FDA rejected Alpidem and Propoxyphene were selected. Drugs were changed on the basis of side effects; modified drugs were docked with AURKA, BCAS1, GNAS and MLH1 proteins and QSAR analysis was performed. Results: Docked and QSAR results demonstrated the better interaction of both modified Alpidem and Propoxyphene along with proteins of CRC causing genes. The toxicity value and side-effects of modified Alpidem and modified Propoxyphene are less than original drugs. Conclusion: The fewer side effects and docking results of both modified Alpidem and Propoxyphene suggest that both the drugs can be used to cure mutations of genes in colorectal cancer as both modified drugs have fewer side-effects and toxicity, as compared to original drugs, both drugs have demonstrated greater interactions with the amino acid residues lying in the pockets of mutated proteins that demonstrates their stability and soundness.

Background: Mutations of Estrogen receptors 1 affect its ligand-binding domain and results in the formation of breast cancer. Breast cancer is a known universal disease and the second leading reason behind the death of most females. About 70% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor. This study was undertaken to realize perceptions into molecular mechanisms and structural necessities that are crucial for potential inhibition of ESR1. Methods: In this research ESR1 proteins were selected and pharmacophore models were generated, virtual screening was done to obtain hit compounds against reference shared feature pharmacophore, the hit compounds were docked with ESR1 proteins. Results: The pharmacophore displayed three main features Hydrogen bond acceptor, Hydrogen bond donor and aromatic rings. 10 hit compounds were obtained by virtual screening; compounds were further sorted for Lipinski rule of five before docking. Compounds that fulfill all properties of Lipinski rule of five were docked with proteins, 3 compounds demonstrated ideal docking results. They fit appropriately in the pocket of proteins which demonstrated the soundness and stability of ligand compounds. Conclusion: It is suggested that these three compounds can be used in the treatment of ESR1 mutations in breast cancer and novel compounds can be designed on the basis of shared feature pharmacophore model for the treatment of ESR1 mutations in breast cancer.