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The purpose of this review is to examine existing research on oral contrast administrating as it pertains to the computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma, as well as to determine the necessity of oral contrast as part of a CT scanning universal protocol. Many hospitals routinely administer both oral and intravenous contrast prior to abdominal CT scan. There have been found to be numerous disadvantages and risks associated with oral contrast administration prior to CT scan. There has been a shift in many hospitals over the years from traditional CT scanners to multidetector row helical scanners, which allow for thinner collimation and higher spatial resolution. With the advances in technology, from single detector row to multidetector row helical CT scanners, the question whether oral contrast is necessary, useful, or dangerous presents itself. There is a significant lack of research on this topic over the past 10 years. All of the studies referenced support no longer administering oral contrast for the initial evaluation of the patient with blunt abdominal trauma. However, the findings of the studies cited in this article are based on small sample sizes and low incidences of solid organ, bowel, or mesenteric injuries. The current level of available research has significant limitations to support a recommendation to eliminate the administration of oral contrast before obtaining the initial CT scanning for blunt abdominal trauma. Further research is necessary before any conclusion or practice change can be made.

To review the use of ultrasound for assessment of abdominal trauma during the secondary assessment. Three current methods for evaluation of abdominal trauma will be outlined. The use of ultrasound in evaluation of patients with blunt abdominal trauma will be highlighted, including performance of test, time to test completion, strengths, and limitations. The use of serial examination utilizing focused abdominal sonography for blunt trauma (FAST) to evaluate hemoperitoneum will be presented.

Topic: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma., Purpose: To review the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and nursing management of patients with ACS., Sources: Published literature, case study., Conclusions: Trauma nurses play a key role in early identification and management of ACS. Priorities include knowledge of signs and symptoms, methods of measurement of ACS; specifics of wound care, psychosocial interventions, and key factors in discharge planning.