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Automatic tunnel Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual work are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON and OFF lights. When train enters towards the tunnel lights are ON by using PIC microcontroller and sensors. When train is completely gone out of tunnel lights are OFF. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now a days the manually operated tunnel lights are not switched off even. In this project, no Need of manual operation likes ON time and OFF time setting by makes use of the transistor switching condition PIC controller operates the light through relay. Supply uses 230/9 V transformer is used.

A zero defect PCB ensures a high quality PCB which reflects to reliability and quality of final product.PCB manufacturing is very costly and time consuming process. So that it is necessary to avoid defects during manufacturing process.Especially for products with high level complexity.There may be improper printing of PCB film while printing film for bare PCB from photo which may be result in production of defected PCBs. In this paper, we are processing a technique in which a scanned image of bare PCB film which is printed by photo plotter compareswith a image of PCB which is stored in a computer . From the results we can detect the possible defects like short circuit,track missing,open circuit,dry soldering etc. We apply the machine vision concept to inspect the bare PCB. We first compare a standard PCB image with a PCB image to be inspected using a simple difference algorithm that can detect the defected region.The purpose of this work is to detect defects in PCB film and finding out the defected area to avoid it before PCB fabrication.

Now dayswe see that dustbins are put at open places in the urban areas are overflowing because of increment in the waste continuously. Itmakes unhygienic condition andmakes unpleasant smell around the surroundings nature leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness. To overcomesuch issueswaste management system is proposed for Smart Cities which are based on Internet of Things (IoT). In this system there are numerous dust bins situated all over the city. It will take minimum efforts to clean all the dustbins over the city by checking whether the dustbins are full or not.Also it detects over weight through the load cell. Control system sends SMS as well as updates of dustbin will be upload on webpage automatically

A zero defect PCB ensures a high quality PCB which reflects to reliability and quality of final product.PCB manufacturing is very costly and time consuming process. So that it is necessary to avoid defects during manufacturing process.Especially for products with high level complexity.There may be improper printing of PCB film while printing film for bare PCB from photo which may be result in production of defected PCBs. In this paper, we are processing a technique in which a scanned image of bare PCB film which is printed by photo plotter compareswith a image of PCB which is stored in a computer . From the results we can detect the possible defects like short circuit,track missing,open circuit,dry soldering etc. We apply the machine vision concept to inspect the bare PCB. We first compare a standard PCB image with a PCB image to be inspected using a simple difference algorithm that can detect the defected region.The purpose of this work is to detect defects in PCB film and finding out the defected area to avoid it before PCB fabrication.

Automatic tunnel Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual work are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON and OFF lights. When train enters towards the tunnel lights are ON by using PIC microcontroller and sensors. When train is completely gone out of tunnel lights are OFF. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now a days the manually operated tunnel lights are not switched off even. In this project, no Need of manual operation likes ON time and OFF time setting by makes use of the transistor switching condition PIC controller operates the light through relay. Supply uses 230/9 V transformer is used.

A zero defect PCB ensures a high quality PCB which reflects to reliability and quality of final product.PCB manufacturing is very costly and time consuming process. So that it is necessary to avoid defects during manufacturing process.Especially for products with high level complexity.There may be improper printing of PCB film while printing film for bare PCB from photo which may be result in production of defected PCBs. In this paper, we are processing a technique in which a scanned image of bare PCB film which is printed by photo plotter compareswith a image of PCB which is stored in a computer . From the results we can detect the possible defects like short circuit,track missing,open circuit,dry soldering etc. We apply the machine vision concept to inspect the bare PCB. We first compare a standard PCB image with a PCB image to be inspected using a simple difference algorithm that can detect the defected region.The purpose of this work is to detect defects in PCB film and finding out the defected area to avoid it before PCB fabrication.

Now dayswe see that dustbins are put at open places in the urban areas are overflowing because of increment in the waste continuously. Itmakes unhygienic condition andmakes unpleasant smell around the surroundings nature leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness. To overcomesuch issueswaste management system is proposed for Smart Cities which are based on Internet of Things (IoT). In this system there are numerous dust bins situated all over the city. It will take minimum efforts to clean all the dustbins over the city by checking whether the dustbins are full or not.Also it detects over weight through the load cell. Control system sends SMS as well as updates of dustbin will be upload on webpage automatically

Automatic tunnel Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual work are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON and OFF lights. When train enters towards the tunnel lights are ON by using PIC microcontroller and sensors. When train is completely gone out of tunnel lights are OFF. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now a days the manually operated tunnel lights are not switched off even. In this project, no Need of manual operation likes ON time and OFF time setting by makes use of the transistor switching condition PIC controller operates the light through relay. Supply uses 230/9 V transformer is used.

Automatic tunnel Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual work are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON and OFF lights. When train enters towards the tunnel lights are ON by using PIC microcontroller and sensors. When train is completely gone out of tunnel lights are OFF. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now a days the manually operated tunnel lights are not switched off even. In this project, no Need of manual operation likes ON time and OFF time setting by makes use of the transistor switching condition PIC controller operates the light through relay. Supply uses 230/9 V transformer is used.

Now dayswe see that dustbins are put at open places in the urban areas are overflowing because of increment in the waste continuously. Itmakes unhygienic condition andmakes unpleasant smell around the surroundings nature leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness. To overcomesuch issueswaste management system is proposed for Smart Cities which are based on Internet of Things (IoT). In this system there are numerous dust bins situated all over the city. It will take minimum efforts to clean all the dustbins over the city by checking whether the dustbins are full or not.Also it detects over weight through the load cell. Control system sends SMS as well as updates of dustbin will be upload on webpage automatically

A zero defect PCB ensures a high quality PCB which reflects to reliability and quality of final product.PCB manufacturing is very costly and time consuming process. So that it is necessary to avoid defects during manufacturing process.Especially for products with high level complexity.There may be improper printing of PCB film while printing film for bare PCB from photo which may be result in production of defected PCBs. In this paper, we are processing a technique in which a scanned image of bare PCB film which is printed by photo plotter compareswith a image of PCB which is stored in a computer . From the results we can detect the possible defects like short circuit,track missing,open circuit,dry soldering etc. We apply the machine vision concept to inspect the bare PCB. We first compare a standard PCB image with a PCB image to be inspected using a simple difference algorithm that can detect the defected region.The purpose of this work is to detect defects in PCB film and finding out the defected area to avoid it before PCB fabrication.

Now dayswe see that dustbins are put at open places in the urban areas are overflowing because of increment in the waste continuously. Itmakes unhygienic condition andmakes unpleasant smell around the surroundings nature leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness. To overcomesuch issueswaste management system is proposed for Smart Cities which are based on Internet of Things (IoT). In this system there are numerous dust bins situated all over the city. It will take minimum efforts to clean all the dustbins over the city by checking whether the dustbins are full or not.Also it detects over weight through the load cell. Control system sends SMS as well as updates of dustbin will be upload on webpage automatically

A zero defect PCB ensures a high quality PCB which reflects to reliability and quality of final product.PCB manufacturing is very costly and time consuming process. So that it is necessary to avoid defects during manufacturing process.Especially for products with high level complexity.There may be improper printing of PCB film while printing film for bare PCB from photo which may be result in production of defected PCBs. In this paper, we are processing a technique in which a scanned image of bare PCB film which is printed by photo plotter compareswith a image of PCB which is stored in a computer . From the results we can detect the possible defects like short circuit,track missing,open circuit,dry soldering etc. We apply the machine vision concept to inspect the bare PCB. We first compare a standard PCB image with a PCB image to be inspected using a simple difference algorithm that can detect the defected region.The purpose of this work is to detect defects in PCB film and finding out the defected area to avoid it before PCB fabrication.

Automatic tunnel Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual work are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON and OFF lights. When train enters towards the tunnel lights are ON by using PIC microcontroller and sensors. When train is completely gone out of tunnel lights are OFF. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now a days the manually operated tunnel lights are not switched off even. In this project, no Need of manual operation likes ON time and OFF time setting by makes use of the transistor switching condition PIC controller operates the light through relay. Supply uses 230/9 V transformer is used.

A zero defect PCB ensures a high quality PCB which reflects to reliability and quality of final product.PCB manufacturing is very costly and time consuming process. So that it is necessary to avoid defects during manufacturing process.Especially for products with high level complexity.There may be improper printing of PCB film while printing film for bare PCB from photo which may be result in production of defected PCBs. In this paper, we are processing a technique in which a scanned image of bare PCB film which is printed by photo plotter compareswith a image of PCB which is stored in a computer . From the results we can detect the possible defects like short circuit,track missing,open circuit,dry soldering etc. We apply the machine vision concept to inspect the bare PCB. We first compare a standard PCB image with a PCB image to be inspected using a simple difference algorithm that can detect the defected region.The purpose of this work is to detect defects in PCB film and finding out the defected area to avoid it before PCB fabrication.

Now dayswe see that dustbins are put at open places in the urban areas are overflowing because of increment in the waste continuously. Itmakes unhygienic condition andmakes unpleasant smell around the surroundings nature leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness. To overcomesuch issueswaste management system is proposed for Smart Cities which are based on Internet of Things (IoT). In this system there are numerous dust bins situated all over the city. It will take minimum efforts to clean all the dustbins over the city by checking whether the dustbins are full or not.Also it detects over weight through the load cell. Control system sends SMS as well as updates of dustbin will be upload on webpage automatically

Automatic tunnel Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual work are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON and OFF lights. When train enters towards the tunnel lights are ON by using PIC microcontroller and sensors. When train is completely gone out of tunnel lights are OFF. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now a days the manually operated tunnel lights are not switched off even. In this project, no Need of manual operation likes ON time and OFF time setting by makes use of the transistor switching condition PIC controller operates the light through relay. Supply uses 230/9 V transformer is used.

A zero defect PCB ensures a high quality PCB which reflects to reliability and quality of final product.PCB manufacturing is very costly and time consuming process. So that it is necessary to avoid defects during manufacturing process.Especially for products with high level complexity.There may be improper printing of PCB film while printing film for bare PCB from photo which may be result in production of defected PCBs. In this paper, we are processing a technique in which a scanned image of bare PCB film which is printed by photo plotter compareswith a image of PCB which is stored in a computer . From the results we can detect the possible defects like short circuit,track missing,open circuit,dry soldering etc. We apply the machine vision concept to inspect the bare PCB. We first compare a standard PCB image with a PCB image to be inspected using a simple difference algorithm that can detect the defected region.The purpose of this work is to detect defects in PCB film and finding out the defected area to avoid it before PCB fabrication.

Automatic tunnel Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual work are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON and OFF lights. When train enters towards the tunnel lights are ON by using PIC microcontroller and sensors. When train is completely gone out of tunnel lights are OFF. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now a days the manually operated tunnel lights are not switched off even. In this project, no Need of manual operation likes ON time and OFF time setting by makes use of the transistor switching condition PIC controller operates the light through relay. Supply uses 230/9 V transformer is used.

Now dayswe see that dustbins are put at open places in the urban areas are overflowing because of increment in the waste continuously. Itmakes unhygienic condition andmakes unpleasant smell around the surroundings nature leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness. To overcomesuch issueswaste management system is proposed for Smart Cities which are based on Internet of Things (IoT). In this system there are numerous dust bins situated all over the city. It will take minimum efforts to clean all the dustbins over the city by checking whether the dustbins are full or not.Also it detects over weight through the load cell. Control system sends SMS as well as updates of dustbin will be upload on webpage automatically

A zero defect PCB ensures a high quality PCB which reflects to reliability and quality of final product.PCB manufacturing is very costly and time consuming process. So that it is necessary to avoid defects during manufacturing process.Especially for products with high level complexity.There may be improper printing of PCB film while printing film for bare PCB from photo which may be result in production of defected PCBs. In this paper, we are processing a technique in which a scanned image of bare PCB film which is printed by photo plotter compareswith a image of PCB which is stored in a computer . From the results we can detect the possible defects like short circuit,track missing,open circuit,dry soldering etc. We apply the machine vision concept to inspect the bare PCB. We first compare a standard PCB image with a PCB image to be inspected using a simple difference algorithm that can detect the defected region.The purpose of this work is to detect defects in PCB film and finding out the defected area to avoid it before PCB fabrication.

Automatic tunnel Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual work are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON and OFF lights. When train enters towards the tunnel lights are ON by using PIC microcontroller and sensors. When train is completely gone out of tunnel lights are OFF. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now a days the manually operated tunnel lights are not switched off even. In this project, no Need of manual operation likes ON time and OFF time setting by makes use of the transistor switching condition PIC controller operates the light through relay. Supply uses 230/9 V transformer is used.

Now dayswe see that dustbins are put at open places in the urban areas are overflowing because of increment in the waste continuously. Itmakes unhygienic condition andmakes unpleasant smell around the surroundings nature leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness. To overcomesuch issueswaste management system is proposed for Smart Cities which are based on Internet of Things (IoT). In this system there are numerous dust bins situated all over the city. It will take minimum efforts to clean all the dustbins over the city by checking whether the dustbins are full or not.Also it detects over weight through the load cell. Control system sends SMS as well as updates of dustbin will be upload on webpage automatically