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Plain language summary Among people with sore throat (pharyngitis), penicillin treatment probably reduces rheumatic fever recurrences and streptococcal throat infections (moderate certainty of evidence). No studies reported the effects of penicillin treatment on rheumatic heart disease progression, disability, mortality or adverse events among people with sore throat (pharyngitis). Background Acute pharyngitis is hallmarked by acute onset of sore throat; the absence of cough, nasal congestion and discharge suggests a bacterial aetiology. Rapid antigen detection tests allow immediate point-of-care assessment of group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis. The goal of treatment of GAS is to prevent acute rheumatic fever, reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, and prevent transmission. Acute pharyngitis is generally a self-limited condition with resolution within two weeks. Infected individuals are not, however, immune to reinfection with most aetiological pathogens (BMJ Best Practice (accessed Dec 18 2020)). Acute rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease that may occur following group A streptococcal throat infection. It can affect multiple systems, including the joints, heart, brain, and skin. Only the effects on the heart can lead to permanent illness; chronic changes to the heart valves are referred to as chronic rheumatic heart disease. No treatment has been shown to alter the progression of acute rheumatic fever to chronic rheumatic heart disease. Secondary prophylaxis can improve the prognosis of established rheumatic valvular disease. The recommended choice of treatment is long-term penicillin secondary prophylaxis (BMJ Best Practice (accessed Nov 20 2020))

Plain language summary: In March 2021 we searched for systematic reviews that analyse and summarise the effectiveness of facemasks on respiratory virus transmission, such as COVID-19. We found one systematic review of high quality. This high-quality systematic review analyses and summarises the effectiveness of facemasks versus no facemasks or different types of facemasks. All types of populations and settings are included. We have communicated the relevant findings of this systematic review as a short communication product called «Briefly summarised». This systematic review searched for studies in April 2020 and does not include studies on COVID-19. Thus, this high-quality systematic review provides indirect evidence regarding COVID-19. In the process of making this rapid overview we found that it would be very helpful to make a thorough map of the relevant primary studies included in the systematic reviews in one place. Hovedfunn (Norwegian) I mars 2021 søkte vi etter systematiske oversikter som analyserer og oppsummerer effekten av å bruke munnbind på smitte av luftveisinfeksjoner, som covid-19. Vi fant én systematisk oversikt av høy kvalitet. Denne høykvalitetsoversikten analyserer og oppsummerer effekten av å bruke munnbind sammenlignet med ingen munnbind eller ulike typer munnbind eller masker. Alle typer populasjoner og settinger er inkludert. Vi har laget en kort oppsummering av relevante funn i et kort kommunikasjonsprodukt som heter «Briefly summarised» («Kort oppsummert» på norsk). Den systematiske oversikten søkte etter studier i april 2020 og omfatter ingen studier om covid-19. Denne høykvalitetsoversikten presenterer dermed kun indirekte forskning med hensyn til Covid-19. I arbeidet med denne hurtigoversikten, fant vi at en grundig kartlegging av de relevante primærstudiene som er med i de systematiske oversiktene, vil være nyttig å samle på ett sted.

Plain language summary: In March 2021 we searched for systematic reviews that analyse and summarise the effectiveness of facemasks on respiratory virus transmission, such as COVID-19. We found one systematic review of high quality. This high-quality systematic review analyses and summarises the effectiveness of facemasks versus no facemasks or different types of facemasks. All types of populations and settings are included. We have communicated the relevant findings of this systematic review as a short communication product called «Briefly summarised». This systematic review searched for studies in April 2020 and does not include studies on COVID-19. Thus, this high-quality systematic review provides indirect evidence regarding COVID-19. In the process of making this rapid overview we found that it would be very helpful to make a thorough map of the relevant primary studies included in the systematic reviews in one place.