1. A search for flaring very-high-energy cosmic gamma-ray sources with the L3+C muon spectrometer
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M. Zöller, S.K. Gupta, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, Francesco Becattini, Z.Q. Yu, X.L. Wang, H. Rykaczewski, D. Ren, K. Deiters, M. Napolitano, P. Extermann, S. Rosier-Lees, Jean Fay, Pablo Garcia-Abia, T. Novak, S.N. Ganguli, J. M. Le Goff, K. Mazumdar, S. Sushkov, H.S. Chen, U. Becker, Christoph Paus, P. Spillantini, A. Shvorob, K.C. Ravindran, M. Kräber, P. Lebrun, V. Kantserov, R. Vasquez, P. Raics, M. Chamizo, Z.A. Liu, Y.Q. Ma, G. Alemanni, Q. Wang, S. Braccini, F. Cavallari, R.W. Kraemer, Alexandre Sakharov, M. Pioppi, F. Brochu, B. Monteleoni, C.R. Qing, S. Natale, B. Schoeneich, Samuel C.C. Ting, N. Raja, I. Duran, Y. Lei, R. Ofierzynski, L. Romero, J. Casaus, C.H. Lin, J.S. Xu, G. Viertel, D. Haas, M. Pohl, A. Zichichi, C. Luci, W. Lustermann, H.H. Kuang, S. Gentile, F. Denotaristefani, D. Hatzifotiadou, S. Cucciarelli, A. Cartacci, G.M. Chen, D della Volpe, D. Teyssier, H.J. Grabosch, B. Bertucci, B.Z. Yang, A. Chen, M. Vivargent, V.P. Andreev, R. Berbeco, S. Likhoded, S. Banerjee, H.L. Zhuang, Yu. Zalite, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, S. Sarkar, B. Stoyanov, P. Lecomte, M. Gataullin, Z.Z. Xu, L. Luminari, Dimitri Bourilkov, H. Schopper, R. T. Van de Walle, L. Cifarelli, P. G. Rancoita, S. Pensotti, X. W. Wang, K.L. Tung, S. Roth, S. Reucroft, G.J. Bobbink, R. Ramelli, F. Pierella, M. Aguilar-Benitez, M. Chemarin, B.P. Roe, M. Lebeau, C. Zhang, X.H. Ma, R. Battiston, X.F. Yang, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, O. Fedin, A. Engler, B. Echenard, G.Y. Zhu, G. Ruggiero, A. Bay, L.Z. Sun, P. Tarjan, N. Cavallo, A. Bajo, Y.S. Lu, W.G. Ma, W.J. Burger, R. Barillère, T. Aziz, R. Ranieri, M. Levtchenko, Michele Guida, A.X. Huo, C. Timmermans, L.K. Ding, P. Déglon, C.G. Yang, Y.P. Xu, W. Lohmann, P. Le Coultre, M. Yang, M. Diemoz, A. Hervé, A.A. Vorobyov, S.V. Baldew, G. Trowitzsch, S. Zhang, J. Pothier, C. Rosenbleck, A. Eline, M. Wadhwa, T. Paul, G. Baksay, Z.X. He, M. Felcini, I. Clare, R. Saidi, J. Tóth, A. Doria, G. Chiefari, G.S. Muanza, S. Bottai, E. Kok, M. Hohlmann, J. Kuijpers, V. Veszpremi, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, G. Rahal-Callot, S.C. Tonwar, D. Duchesneau, J. Allaby, Z.M. Wang, S. Giagu, I. Pal, A. Böhm, H. Newman, Vivien Schmitt, M. Meschini, Dong-Chul Son, S.C. Yeh, M. Musy, P.H. Fisher, L. Malgeri, G. Mirabelli, D. Perret-Gallix, D. Prokofiev, M. Kopal, P. Denes, L. Tauscher, M. Basile, H. Anderhub, J.D. Burger, V.A. Naumov, M. Kaur, A. Lebedev, J. Mans, G. Cara Romeo, J. Hirschfelder, M.A. Rahaman, G. Passaleva, S. Kawakami, S. Riemann, B.L. Betev, E. Longo, L. Baksay, Y.N. Guo, M.T. Dova, J. Ulbricht, F. Zhang, A. Kunin, B. De La Cruz, G. Chen, J. K. Kim, B. Petersen, N. Shivarov, H.J. Yang, M. Unger, X.W. Tang, Luca Lista, R. van Wijk, S.J. Zhou, I. Fisk, A. Barczyk, Joseph Quartieri, J.D. Swain, Z.G. Yao, G. Landi, H. Hofer, S. Villa, S. Costantini, J. Salicio, L.J. Gutay, G. Faber, P. Rewiersma, S. Saremi, S.R. Hou, Jasper Kirkby, M. A. Falagan, A. Aloisio, K. Freudenreich, M. Duda, S.C. Blyth, A. J.W. van Mil, P. Levtchenko, D. Piccolo, V. Koutsenko, C. Dionisi, L. Xia, Marcos Cerrada, K. Riles, G. Carlino, B.N. Jin, M. Dierckxsens, Y. Hayashi, P.A. Piroué, C.Q. Shen, C. Maña, R. Leiste, A. Straessner, T.A.M. Wijnen, Q.Q. Zhu, A. El Hage, H.F. Chen, R. de Asmundis, M. Pedace, Sw. Banerjee, Laszlo Boldizsar, X.D. Cai, G. Coignet, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Pauluzzi, A. Arefiev, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, S. Mele, A.J.M. Muijs, E. Pistolesi, H. Suter, R.Y. Zhu, E. Shumilov, M. Capell, K. Sudhakar, F. Anselmo, O. Adriani, C.L. Jing, Axel König, A. Krüger, A. Nisati, M. Biasini, C. Souga, Z.C. Li, L. Merola, V. Shoutko, A. Favara, V. Plyaskin, H. Nowak, H. El Mamouni, R.R. Mcneil, H. Leich, H. Verkooijen, J. Zhao, A. Mihul, P. Jindal, A. Raspereza, W. C. Fisher, P. Bagnaia, W. Kittel, L. Taylor, D. Vicinanza, J. Alcaraz, S. Falciano, G. Organtini, A. Malinin, P. Ladron de Guevara, C. Palomares, A. De Salvo, H. Groenstege, S.M. Ting, I. Josa-Mutuberria, L. Servoli, A. Klimentov, P. Berges, B. Tellili, S. Patricelli, An. Zalite, M. Biglietti, G. Holzner, S. Wynhoff, D.P. Stickland, G. Sultanov, R. Clare, P. de Jong, X.W. Meng, Z.P. Zhang, J. Berdugo, W.T. Lin, A. Gurtu, E. J. Sanchez, T. Chiarusi, P. Lecoq, I. Vetlitsky, Helmut Vogel, A. Degré, P. Razis, R.G. Wang, J. P. Martin, A. Korn, V.K. Gupta, P. Bartalini, H. Vogt, L.W. Jones, C. Li, L. Li, T. Hebbeker, F. Marzano, H. Wilkens, C. Cecchi, J. Bähr, Wesley James Metzger, J. Zhang, H. Milcent, G. Grenier, A. Rosca, Yu. Galaktionov, J. Debreczeni, F. Cindolo, M. van den Akker, Z.F. Gong, H. Sulanke, M. Bourquin, T. Azemoon, M. Steuer, S. Vlachos, D.J. Schotanus, R. Paramatti, P. Paolucci, B. Zimmermann, B. Musicar, F.L. Linde, Z. Szillasi, M. Weber, J.A. Rubio, F. Pauss, H. Fesefeldt, P. Achard, S. Shevchenko, B. Borgia, M. Rescigno, V. Pojidaev, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, C. Sciacca, J.-F. Parriaud, O. Grimm, A. Rojkov, N. Ito, Frank Filthaut, F.J. Eppling, C. Furetta, I. Vodopianov, I. Vorobiev, K. Dehmelt, M. Pieri, J.G. Branson, C. Rosemann, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, Ch. Haller, R. Nahnhauer, G. Forconi, M.G. Alviggi, Christopher George Tully, E. Valente, N. Batalova, Nicanor Colino, Yuan-Hann Chang, S. Nagy, E. Delmeire, L. Bellucci, A. Zwart, F. Behner, T. Ferguson, M. Dittmar, Adriani, O, Aguilar Benitez, M, van den Akker, M, Alcaraz, J, Alemanni, G, Allaby, J, Aloisio, A, Alviggi, M, Anderhub, H, Andreev, V, Anselmo, F, Arefiev, A, Azemoon, T, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, P, Bajo, A, Baksay, G, Baksay, L, Bähr, J, Baldew, S, Banerjee, S, Barczyk, A, Barillère, R, Bartalini, P, Basile, M, Batalova, N, Battiston, R, Bay, A, Becattini, F, Becker, U, Behner, F, Bellucci, L, Berbeco, R, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Betev, B, Biasini, M, Biglietti, M, Biland, A, Blaising, J, Blyth, S, Bobbink, G, Böhm, A, Boldizsar, L, Borgia, B, Bottai, S, Bourilkov, D, Bourquin, M, Braccini, S, Branson, J, Brochu, F, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Romeo, G, Carlino, G, Cartacci, A, Casaus, J, Cavallari, F, Cavallo, N, Cecchi, C, Cerrada, M, Chamizo, M, Chang, Y, Chemarin, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chiarusi, T, Chiefari, G, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Clare, I, Clare, R, Coignet, G, Colino, N, Costantini, S, de La Cruz, B, Cucciarelli, S, de Asmundis, R, Déglon, P, Debreczeni, J, Degré, A, Dehmelt, K, Deiters, K, Della Volpe, D, Delmeire, E, Denes, P, Denotaristefani, F, de Salvo, A, Diemoz, M, Dierckxsens, M, Ding, L, Dionisi, C, Dittmar, M, Doria, A, Dova, M, Duchesneau, D, Duda, M, Duran, I, Echenard, B, Eline, A, El Hage, A, El Mamouni, H, Engler, A, Eppling, F, Extermann, P, Faber, G, Falagan, M, Falciano, S, Favara, A, Fay, J, Fedin, O, Felcini, M, Ferguson, T, Fesefeldt, H, Fiandrini, E, Field, J, Filthaut, F, Fisher, P, Fisher, W, Fisk, I, Forconi, G, Freudenreich, K, Furetta, C, Galaktionov, Y, Ganguli, S, Garcia Abia, P, Gataullin, M, Gentile, S, Giagu, S, Gong, Z, Grabosch, H, Grenier, G, Grimm, O, Groenstege, H, Gruenewald, M, Guida, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gurtu, A, Gutay, L, Haas, D, Haller, C, Hatzifotiadou, D, Hayashi, Y, He, Z, Hebbeker, T, Hervé, A, Hirschfelder, J, Hofer, H, Hohlmann, M, Holzner, G, Hou, S, Huo, A, Ito, N, Jin, B, Jindal, P, Jing, C, Jones, L, de Jong, P, Josa Mutuberría, I, Kantserov, V, Kaur, M, Kawakami, S, Kienzle Focacci, M, Kim, J, Kirkby, J, Kittel, W, Klimentov, A, König, A, Kok, E, Korn, A, Kopal, M, Koutsenko, V, Kräber, M, Kuang, H, Kraemer, R, Krüger, A, Kuijpers, J, Kunin, A, de Guevara, P, Laktineh, I, Landi, G, Lebeau, M, Lebedev, A, Lebrun, P, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Coultre, P, Goff, J, Lei, Y, Leich, H, Leiste, R, Levtchenko, M, Levtchenko, P, Li, C, Li, L, Li, Z, Likhoded, S, Lin, C, Lin, W, Linde, F, Lista, L, Liu, Z, Lohmann, W, Longo, E, Lu, Y, Luci, C, Luminari, L, Lustermann, W, Ma, W, Ma, X, Ma, Y, Malgeri, L, Malinin, A, Maña, C, Mans, J, Martin, J, Marzano, F, Mazumdar, K, Mcneil, R, Mele, S, Meng, X, Merola, L, Meschini, M, Metzger, W, Mihul, A, van Mil, A, Milcent, H, Mirabelli, G, Mnich, J, Mohanty, G, Monteleoni, B, Muanza, G, Muijs, A, Musicar, B, Musy, M, Nagy, S, Nahnhauer, R, Naumov, V, Natale, S, Napolitano, M, Nessi Tedaldi, F, Newman, H, Nisati, A, Novak, T, Nowak, H, Ofierzynski, R, Organtini, G, Pal, I, Palomares, C, Paolucci, P, Paramatti, R, Parriaud, J, Passaleva, G, Patricelli, S, Paul, T, Pauluzzi, M, Paus, C, Pauss, F, Pedace, M, Pensotti, S, Perret Gallix, D, Petersen, B, Piccolo, D, Pierella, F, Pieri, M, Pioppi, M, Piroué, P, Pistolesi, E, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Pojidaev, V, Pothier, J, Prokofiev, D, Quartieri, J, Qing, C, Rahal Callot, G, Rahaman, M, Raics, P, Raja, N, Ramelli, R, Rancoita, P, Ranieri, R, Raspereza, A, Ravindran, K, Razis, P, Ren, D, Rescigno, M, Reucroft, S, Rewiersma, P, Riemann, S, Riles, K, Roe, B, Rojkov, A, Romero, L, Rosca, A, Rosemann, C, Rosenbleck, C, Rosier Lees, S, Roth, S, Rubio, J, Ruggiero, G, Rykaczewski, H, Saidi, R, Sakharov, A, Saremi, S, Sarkar, S, Salicio, J, Sanchez, E, Schäfer, C, Schegelsky, V, Schmitt, V, Schoeneich, B, Schopper, H, Schotanus, D, Sciacca, C, Servoli, L, Shen, C, Shevchenko, S, Shivarov, N, Shoutko, V, Shumilov, E, Shvorob, A, Son, D, Souga, C, Spillantini, P, Steuer, M, Stickland, D, Stoyanov, B, Straessner, A, Sudhakar, K, Sulanke, H, Sultanov, G, Sun, L, Sushkov, S, Suter, H, Swain, J, Szillasi, Z, Tang, X, Tarjan, P, Tauscher, L, Taylor, L, Tellili, B, Teyssier, D, Timmermans, C, Ting, S, Tonwar, S, Tóth, J, Trowitzsch, G, Tully, C, Tung, K, Ulbricht, J, Unger, M, Valente, E, Verkooijen, H, van de Walle, R, Vasquez, R, Veszpremi, V, Vesztergombi, G, Vetlitsky, I, Vicinanza, D, Viertel, G, Villa, S, Vivargent, M, Vlachos, S, Vodopianov, I, Vogel, H, Vogt, H, Vorobiev, I, Vorobyov, A, Wadhwa, M, Wang, R, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weber, M, van Wijk, R, Wijnen, T, Wilkens, H, Wynhoff, S, Xia, L, Xu, Y, Xu, J, Xu, Z, Yang, B, Yang, C, Yang, H, Yang, M, Yang, X, Yao, Z, Yeh, S, Yu, Z, Zalite, A, Zalite, Y, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhou, S, Zhu, G, Zhu, R, Zhu, Q, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zöller, M, Zwart, A, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, P. ACHARD, O. ADRIANI, M. AGUILAR-BENITEZ, M. VAN DEN AKKER, J. ALCARAZ, G. ALEMANNI, J. ALLABY, A. ALOISIO, M.G. ALVIGGI, H. ANDERHUB, V.P. ANDREEV, F. ANSELMO, A. AREFIEV, T. AZEMOON, T. AZIZ, P. BAGNAIA, A. BAJO, G. BAKSAY, L. BAKSAY, S.V. BALDEW, S. BANERJEE, SW. BANERJEE, A. BARCZYK, R. BARILLÈRE, P. BARTALINI, M. BASILE, N. BATALOVA, R. BATTISTON, A. BAY, F. BECATTINI, U. BECKER, F. BEHNER, L. BELLUCCI, R. BERBECO, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, B.L. BETEV, M. BIASINI, M. BIGLIETTI, A. BILAND, J.J. BLAISING, S.C. BLYTH, G.J. BOBBINK, A. BÖHM, L. BOLDIZSAR, B. BORGIA, S. BOTTAI, D. BOURILKOV, M. BOURQUIN, S. BRACCINI, J.G. BRANSON, F. BROCHU, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, M. CAPELL, G. CARA ROMEO, G. CARLINO, A. CARTACCI, J. CASAUS, F. CAVALLARI, N. CAVALLO, C. CECCHI, M. CERRADA, M. CHAMIZO, Y.H. CHANG, M. CHEMARIN, A. CHEN, G. CHEN, G.M. CHEN, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, G. CHIEFARI, L. CIFARELLI, F. CINDOLO, I. CLARE, R. CLARE, G. COIGNET, N. COLINO, S. COSTANTINI, B. DE LA CRUZ, S. CUCCIARELLI, R. DE ASMUNDIS, P. DÉGLON, J. DEBRECZENI, A. DEGRÉ, K. DEHMELT, K. DEITERS, D. DELLA VOLPE, E. DELMEIRE, P. DENES, F. DE NOTARISTEFANI, A. DE SALVO, M. DIEMOZ, M. DIERCKXSENS, C. DIONISI, M. DITTMAR, A. DORIA, M.T. DOVA, D. DUCHESNEAU, M. DUDA, B. ECHENARD, A. ELINE, A. EL HAGE, H. EL MAMOUNI, A. ENGLER, F.J. EPPLING, P. EXTERMANN, M.A. FALAGAN, S. FALCIANO, A. FAVARA, J. FAY, O. FEDIN, M. FELCINI, T. FERGUSON, H. FESEFELDT, E. FIANDRINI, J.H. FIELD, F. FILTHAUT, P.H. FISHER, W. FISHER, G. FORCONI, K. FREUDENREICH, C. FURETTA, YU. GALAKTIONOV, S.N. GANGULI, P. GARCIA-ABIA, M. GATAULLIN, S. GENTILE, S. GIAGU, Z.F. GONG, G. GRENIER, O. GRIMM, M.W. GRUENEWALD, M. GUIDA, V.K. GUPTA, A. GURTU, L.J. GUTAY, D. HAAS, D. HATZIFOTIADOU, T. HEBBEKER, A. HERVÉ, J. HIRSCHFELDER, H. HOFER, M. HOHLMANN, G. HOLZNER, S.R. HOU, B.N. JIN, P. JINDAL, L.W. JONES, P. DE JONG, I. JOSA-MUTUBERRÍA, M. KAUR, M.N. KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K. KIM, J. KIRKBY, W. KITTEL, A. KLIMENTOV, A.C. KÖNIG, M. KOPAL, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRÄBER, R.W. KRAEMER, A. KRÜGER, A. KUNIN, P. LADRON DE GUEVARA, I. LAKTINEH, G. LANDI, M. LEBEAU, A. LEBEDEV, P. LEBRUN, P. LECOMTE, P. LECOQ, P. LE COULTRE, J.M. LE GOFF, R. LEISTEA, M. LEVTCHENKO, P. LEVTCHENKO, C. LI, S. LIKHODED, C.H. LIN, W.T. LIN, F.L. LINDE, L. LISTA, Z.A. LIU, W. LOHMANN, E. LONGO, Y.S. LU, C. LUCI, L. LUMINARI, W. LUSTERMANN, W.G. MA, L. MALGERI, A. MALININ, C. MAÑA, J. MANS, J.P. MARTIN, F. MARZANO, K. MAZUMDAR, R.R. MCNEIL, S. MELE, L. MEROLA, M. MESCHINI, W.J. METZGER, A. MIHUL, H. MILCENT, G. MIRABELLI, J. MNICH, G.B. MOHANTY, G.S. MUANZA, A.J.M. MUIJS, M. MUSY, S. NAGY, S. NATALE, M. NAPOLITANO, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, S. NESTEROV, H. NEWMAN, A. NISATI, T. NOVAK, H. NOWAK, R. OFIERZYNSKI, G. ORGANTINI, I. PAL, C. PALOMARES, P. PAOLUCCI, R. PARAMATTI, G. PASSALEVA, S. PATRICELLI, T. PAUL, M. PAULUZZI, C. PAUS, F. PAUSS, M. PEDACE, S. PENSOTTI, D. PERRET-GALLIX, D. PICCOLO, F. PIERELLA, M. PIERI, M. PIOPPI, P.A. PIROUÉ, E. 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- Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astronomy ,Muon ,muons ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Outburst ,law.invention ,law ,electron–positron collider ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,98.70.Sa ,98.54.Cm ,Telescope ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,L3+C ,L3+C, Cosmic gamma-ray ,media_common ,Physics ,Muons ,Large Hadron Collider ,COSMIC cancer database ,Underground Muons ,Markarian 501 ,Gamma-ray-point-sources ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Gamma ray ,Gamma-ray-point-source ,very-high-energy cosmic c-ray sources ,ddc:540 ,Astrophysics and Astronomy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Cosmic ray ,FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA ,Spectrum ,Theoretical High Energy Physics ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Collider ,Ciencias Exactas ,Física ,Detector ,Cygnus-X-3 ,Direction ,Sky ,Experimental High Energy Physics ,Tev ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE - Abstract
The L3+C muon detector at the CERN electron–positron collider, LEP, is used for the detection of very-high-energy cosmic c-ray sources through the observation of muons of energies above 20, 30, 50 and 100 GeV. Daily or monthly excesses in the rate of single-muon events pointing to some particular direction in the sky are searched for. The periods from mid July to November 1999, and April to November 2000 are considered. Special attention is also given to a selection of known c-ray sources. No statistically significant excess is observed for any direction or any particular source., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Published
- 2006
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