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Dynamic or thermodynamic theory for antigen-antibody interaction was discussed in this chapter. The reaction between antibody and antigen may be simplistically described by the law of mass action. The strength of a reaction between monovalent antigen and monovalent antibody is referred to as affinity. Antibody affinity is influenced by many factors, which include the degree of the stereochemical fit between the combing site and the epitope and the size of the region. In this paper, I would like to discuss how to detect and quantitatively express about antigen-antibody interaction using by several theories.

Owing to the development of protein measurement methods, apolipoprotein can be measured more rapidly and precisely. It has been only in recent years that apolipoprotein measurement widely prevails in the clinical field. Various apolipoprotein measurement systems are available for the clinical laboratory in Japan. Formerly, apolipoprotein was manually measured mainly by a single radial immunodiffusion system, but recently more sophisticated automated systems for apolipoprotein measurement have been developed and applied. The more the need to detect apolipoprotein in the clinical laboratory and the larger the scale for apolipoprotein measurement, the more progress to be made in rapidity and cost performance. That is, the advances in apolipoprotein measurement depend on the requirement of its test by the clinicians. In the global trend, standardization for apolipoprotein measurement is being discussed and is in progress. The effort of standardization is fulfilled in some results of external standardization surveys on apolipoprotein measurement. In this report, we introduced the advances in apolipoprotein measurement which supported the standardization process in Japan.