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Highlights. Nowadays the only way to prevent a new coronavirus infection is vaccination. Overcoming such problems as a gradual decrease in the effectiveness of post-vaccination immunity and the emergence of new strains of SARS-CoV-2 is possible due to booster vaccination. The review highlights the current data on the effectiveness and immunogenicity of various booster vaccination regimens and prospects for studying this issue in the Russian Federation.Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic is going on, which makes it crucial to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease. Vaccination is the only way of specific prevention of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is continuously evolving and new variants appear. Moreover, the effectiveness of protective immunity after vaccination tends to decrease over several months. Booster vaccination may be the solution to these problems. The booster is an extra vaccination that helps to reactivate the immunity against COVID-19. Booster doses can be homologous (the same as the primary vaccine) and heterologous (different from the primary vaccine). It is of current interest to study heterologous vaccination as the injection of different vaccines may result in a more intense immune response. Furthermore, the same vaccine may not be available at the time of booster vaccination. This review is aimed at summarizing the key research findings in the field of booster vaccination against COVID-19.

The review article is devoted to a discussion of the issues of vaccination against a new coronavirus infection in patients with cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Presented at the time of this writing are data on domestic vaccines safety in the Russian Federation: combined vector vaccines “Gam-COVID-Vac” and “Gam-COVID-Vac-Lyo”, peptide-based vaccine “EpiVacCorona”, concentrated, purified and inactivated whole-virion “KoviVac” vaccine, and a standalone vaccine/booster shot “Sputnik Light”. The analysis of the main contraindication applicable to the vaccines in different categories of patients has been carried out. A number of consensus documents published by Russian and foreign professional medical associations and communities on the issues of vaccination of patients with cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases are considered in detail.