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Goal of the study: to investigate the frequency of mycobacteriosis in the practice of pulmonologists and phthisiologists.Materials and methods. The analysis included medical files of 156 patients with various non-specific respiratory diseases and tuberculosis who were examined in 2011-2014 and non-tuberculous mycobacteria were found in their sputum.Results of the study. pulmonary mycobacteriosis was diagnosed in 93 (59.6%) patients out of 156 who corresponded the criteria of American Thoracic Society and etiotropic treatment was prescribed. While detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in the other patients was considered as innidiation of respiratory tract by those mycobacteria in case of chronic non-specific pulmonary disease and/or tuberculosis. Mycobacterioses were treated with the relevance to drug susceptibility of the causative agent and there were numerous obstacles due to high frequency of adverse reactions.

Goal of the study: to investigate structural and functional specific features of macrophages and cytokine profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage in new and relapsing respiratory sarcoidosis (RS).Materials and methods. The study included comparative light optical and electronic microscopic examinations of macrophages, macrophage formula and cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage in 120 patients suffering from different forms of RS. It was found that in case of new RS mostly macrophages of M1 phenotype were detected in the lavage. They had high level of IL-8, IL-2, IL-1β production and ultrastructural signs of hypersecretion which was especially typical of platycytes. High level of IL-4, IL-5 content is typical of relapsing sarcoidosis: additionally to macrophages of M1 phenotype, there are macrophages of M2 phenotype with ultrastructural signs of phagocytic function which can be used for diagnostics of this form of RS.