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Cellular plasticity at the structural level and sleep at the behavioural level are both essential for memory formation. The link between the two is not well understood. A functional connection between adult neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation during NREM sleep has been hypothesized but not experimentally shown. Here, we present evidence that during a three-day learning session in the Morris water maze task a genetic knockout model of adult neurogenesis (Cyclin D2−/−) showed changes in sleep macro- and microstructure. Sleep EEG analyses revealed a lower total sleep time and NREM fraction in Cyclin D2−/− mice as well as an impairment of sleep specific neuronal oscillations that are associated with memory consolidation. Better performance in the memory task was associated with specific sleep parameters in wild-type, but not in Cyclin D2−/− mice. In wild-type animals the number of proliferating cells correlated with the amount of NREM sleep. The lack of adult neurogenesis led to changes in sleep architecture and oscillations that represent the dialog between hippocampus and neocortex during sleep. We suggest that adult neurogenesis—as a key event of hippocampal plasticity—might play an important role for sleep-dependent memory consolidation and modulates learning-induced changes of sleep macro- and microstructure.