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Your search keyword '"Spencer, C.C.A."' showing total 3 results
Start Over Author "Spencer, C.C.A." Publisher nature publishing group
3 results on '"Spencer, C.C.A."'

1. Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity

Author

Tsoi, L.C., Spain, S.L., Knight, J., Ellinghaus, E., Stuart, P.E., Capon, F., Ding, J., Li, Y., Tejasvi, T., Gudjonsson, J.E., Kang, H.M., Allen, M.H., McManus, R., Novelli, G., Samuelsson, L., Schalkwijk, J., Ståhle, M., Burden, A.D., Smith, C.H., Cork, M.J., Estivill, X., Bowcock, A.M., Krueger, G.G., Weger, W., Worthington, J., Tazi-Ahnini, R., Nestle, F.O., Hayday, A., Hoffmann, P., Winkelmann, J., Wijmenga, C., Langford, C., Edkins, S., Andrews, R., Blackburn, H., Strange, A., Band, G., Pearson, R.D., Vukcevic, D., Spencer, C.C.A., Deloukas, P., Mrowietz, U., Schreiber, S., Weidinger, S., Kõks, S., Kingo, K., Esko, T., Metspalu, A., Lim, H.W., Voorhees, J.J., Weichenthal, M., Wichmann, H.E., Chandran, V., Rosen, C.F., Rahman, P., Gladman, D.D., Griffiths, C.E.M., Reis, A., Kere, J., Nair, R.P., Franke, A., Barker, J.N.W.N., Abecasis, G.R., Elder, J.T., Trembath, R.C., Tsoi, L.C., Spain, S.L., Knight, J., Ellinghaus, E., Stuart, P.E., Capon, F., Ding, J., Li, Y., Tejasvi, T., Gudjonsson, J.E., Kang, H.M., Allen, M.H., McManus, R., Novelli, G., Samuelsson, L., Schalkwijk, J., Ståhle, M., Burden, A.D., Smith, C.H., Cork, M.J., Estivill, X., Bowcock, A.M., Krueger, G.G., Weger, W., Worthington, J., Tazi-Ahnini, R., Nestle, F.O., Hayday, A., Hoffmann, P., Winkelmann, J., Wijmenga, C., Langford, C., Edkins, S., Andrews, R., Blackburn, H., Strange, A., Band, G., Pearson, R.D., Vukcevic, D., Spencer, C.C.A., Deloukas, P., Mrowietz, U., Schreiber, S., Weidinger, S., Kõks, S., Kingo, K., Esko, T., Metspalu, A., Lim, H.W., Voorhees, J.J., Weichenthal, M., Wichmann, H.E., Chandran, V., Rosen, C.F., Rahman, P., Gladman, D.D., Griffiths, C.E.M., Reis, A., Kere, J., Nair, R.P., Franke, A., Barker, J.N.W.N., Abecasis, G.R., Elder, J.T., and Trembath, R.C.

Abstract

To gain further insight into the genetic architecture of psoriasis, we conducted a meta-analysis of 3 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and 2 independent data sets genotyped on the Immunochip, including 10,588 cases and 22,806 controls. We identified 15 new susceptibility loci, increasing to 36 the number associated with psoriasis in European individuals. We also identified, using conditional analyses, five independent signals within previously known loci. The newly identified loci shared with other autoimmune diseases include candidate genes with roles in regulating T-cell function (such as RUNX3, TAGAP and STAT3). Notably, they included candidate genes whose products are involved in innate host defense, including interferon-mediated antiviral responses (DDX58), macrophage activation (ZC3H12C) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling (CARD14 and CARM1). These results portend a better understanding of shared and distinctive genetic determinants of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders and emphasize the importance of the skin in innate and acquired host defense.

Published
2012

2. Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

Author

Sawcer, S., Hellenthal, G., Pirinen, M., Spencer, C.C.A., Patsopoulos, N.A., Moutsianas, L., Dilthey, A., Su, Z., Freeman, C., Hunt, S.E., Edkins, S., Gray, E., Booth, D.R., Potter, S.C., Goris, A., Band, G., Bang Oturai, A., Strange, A., Saarela, J., Bellenguez, C., Fontaine, B., Gillman, M., Hemmer, B., Gwilliam, R., Zipp, F., Jayakumar, A., Martin, R., Leslie, S., Hawkins, S., Giannoulatou, E., D’alfonso, S., Blackburn, H., Martinelli Boneschi, F., Liddle, J., Harbo, H.F., Perez, M.L., Spurkland, A., Waller, M.J., Mycko, M.P., Ricketts, M., Comabella, M., Hammond, N., Kockum, I., McCann, O.T., Ban, M., Whittaker, P., Kemppinen, A., Weston, P., Hawkins, C., Widaa, S., Zajicek, J., Dronov, S., Robertson, N., Bumpstead, S.J., Barcellos, L.F., Ravindrarajah, R., Abraham, R., Alfredsson, L., Ardlie, K., Aubin, C., Baker, A., Baker, K., Baranzini, S.E., Bergamaschi, L., Bergamaschi, R., Bernstein, A., Berthele, A., Boggild, M., Bradfield, J.P., Brassat, D., Broadley, S.A., Buck, D., Butzkueven, H., Capra, R., Carroll, W.M., Cavalla, P., Celius, E.G., Cepok, S., Chiavacci, R., Clerget-Darpoux, F., Clysters, K., Comi, G., Cossburn, M., Cournu-Rebeix, I., Cox, M.B., Cozen, W., Cree, B.A.C., Cross, A.H., Cusi, D., Daly, M.J., Davis, E., de Bakker, P.I.W., Debouverie, M., D’hooghe, M.B., Dixon, K., Dobosi, R., Dubois, B., Ellinghaus, D., Elovaara, I., Esposito, F., Fontenille, C., Foote, S., Franke, A., Galimberti, D., Ghezzi, A., Glessner, J., Gomez, R., Gout, O., Graham, C., Grant, S.F.A., Rosa Guerini, F., Hakonarson, H., Hall, P., Hamsten, A., Hartung, H-P, Heard, R.N., Heath, S., Hobart, J., Hoshi, M., Infante-Duarte, C., Ingram, G., Ingram, W., Islam, T., Jagodic, M., Kabesch, M., Kermode, A.G., Kilpatrick, T.J., Kim, C., Klopp, N., Koivisto, K., Larsson, M., Lathrop, M., Lechner-Scott, J.S., Leone, M.A., Leppä, V., Liljedahl, U., Lima Bomfim, I., Lincoln, R.R., Link, J., Liu, J., Lorentzen, Å.R., Lupoli, S., Macciardi, F., Mack, T., Marriott, M., Martinelli, V., Mason, D., McCauley, J.L., Mentch, F., Mero, I-L, Mihalova, T., Montalban, X., Mottershead, J., Myhr, K-M, Naldi, P., Ollier, W., Page, A., Palotie, A., Pelletier, J., Piccio, L., Pickersgill, T., Piehl, F., Pobywajlo, S., Quach, H.L., Ramsay, P.P., Reunanen, M., Reynolds, R., Rioux, J.D., Rodegher, M., Roesner, S., Rubio, J.P., Rückert, I-M, Salvetti, M., Salvi, E., Santaniello, A., Schaefer, C.A., Schreiber, S., Schulze, C., Scott, R.J., Sellebjerg, F., Selmaj, K.W., Sexton, D., Shen, L., Simms-Acuna, B., Skidmore, S., Sleiman, P.M.A., Smestad, C., Sørensen, P.S., Søndergaard, H.B., Stankovich, J., Strange, R.C., Sulonen, A-M, Sundqvist, E., Syvänen, A-C, Taddeo, F., Taylor, B., Blackwell, J.M., Tienari, P., Bramon, E., Tourbah, A., Brown, M.A., Tronczynska, E., Casas, J.P., Tubridy, N., Corvin, A., Vickery, J., Jankowski, J., Villoslada, P., Markus, H.S., Wang, K., Mathew, C.G., Wason, J., Palmer, C.N.A., Wichmann, H-E, Plomin, R., Willoughby, E., Rautanen, A., Winkelmann, J., Wittig, M., Trembath, R.C., Yaouanq, J., Viswanathan, A.C., Zhang, H., Wood, N.W., Zuvich, R., Deloukas, P., Langford, C., Duncanson, A., Oksenberg, J.R., Pericak-Vance, M.A., Haines, J.L., Olsson, T., Hillert, J., Ivinson, A.J., De Jager, P.L., Peltonen, L., Stewart, G.J., Hafler, D.A., Hauser, S.L., McVean, G., Donnelly, P., Compston, A., Sawcer, S., Hellenthal, G., Pirinen, M., Spencer, C.C.A., Patsopoulos, N.A., Moutsianas, L., Dilthey, A., Su, Z., Freeman, C., Hunt, S.E., Edkins, S., Gray, E., Booth, D.R., Potter, S.C., Goris, A., Band, G., Bang Oturai, A., Strange, A., Saarela, J., Bellenguez, C., Fontaine, B., Gillman, M., Hemmer, B., Gwilliam, R., Zipp, F., Jayakumar, A., Martin, R., Leslie, S., Hawkins, S., Giannoulatou, E., D’alfonso, S., Blackburn, H., Martinelli Boneschi, F., Liddle, J., Harbo, H.F., Perez, M.L., Spurkland, A., Waller, M.J., Mycko, M.P., Ricketts, M., Comabella, M., Hammond, N., Kockum, I., McCann, O.T., Ban, M., Whittaker, P., Kemppinen, A., Weston, P., Hawkins, C., Widaa, S., Zajicek, J., Dronov, S., Robertson, N., Bumpstead, S.J., Barcellos, L.F., Ravindrarajah, R., Abraham, R., Alfredsson, L., Ardlie, K., Aubin, C., Baker, A., Baker, K., Baranzini, S.E., Bergamaschi, L., Bergamaschi, R., Bernstein, A., Berthele, A., Boggild, M., Bradfield, J.P., Brassat, D., Broadley, S.A., Buck, D., Butzkueven, H., Capra, R., Carroll, W.M., Cavalla, P., Celius, E.G., Cepok, S., Chiavacci, R., Clerget-Darpoux, F., Clysters, K., Comi, G., Cossburn, M., Cournu-Rebeix, I., Cox, M.B., Cozen, W., Cree, B.A.C., Cross, A.H., Cusi, D., Daly, M.J., Davis, E., de Bakker, P.I.W., Debouverie, M., D’hooghe, M.B., Dixon, K., Dobosi, R., Dubois, B., Ellinghaus, D., Elovaara, I., Esposito, F., Fontenille, C., Foote, S., Franke, A., Galimberti, D., Ghezzi, A., Glessner, J., Gomez, R., Gout, O., Graham, C., Grant, S.F.A., Rosa Guerini, F., Hakonarson, H., Hall, P., Hamsten, A., Hartung, H-P, Heard, R.N., Heath, S., Hobart, J., Hoshi, M., Infante-Duarte, C., Ingram, G., Ingram, W., Islam, T., Jagodic, M., Kabesch, M., Kermode, A.G., Kilpatrick, T.J., Kim, C., Klopp, N., Koivisto, K., Larsson, M., Lathrop, M., Lechner-Scott, J.S., Leone, M.A., Leppä, V., Liljedahl, U., Lima Bomfim, I., Lincoln, R.R., Link, J., Liu, J., Lorentzen, Å.R., Lupoli, S., Macciardi, F., Mack, T., Marriott, M., Martinelli, V., Mason, D., McCauley, J.L., Mentch, F., Mero, I-L, Mihalova, T., Montalban, X., Mottershead, J., Myhr, K-M, Naldi, P., Ollier, W., Page, A., Palotie, A., Pelletier, J., Piccio, L., Pickersgill, T., Piehl, F., Pobywajlo, S., Quach, H.L., Ramsay, P.P., Reunanen, M., Reynolds, R., Rioux, J.D., Rodegher, M., Roesner, S., Rubio, J.P., Rückert, I-M, Salvetti, M., Salvi, E., Santaniello, A., Schaefer, C.A., Schreiber, S., Schulze, C., Scott, R.J., Sellebjerg, F., Selmaj, K.W., Sexton, D., Shen, L., Simms-Acuna, B., Skidmore, S., Sleiman, P.M.A., Smestad, C., Sørensen, P.S., Søndergaard, H.B., Stankovich, J., Strange, R.C., Sulonen, A-M, Sundqvist, E., Syvänen, A-C, Taddeo, F., Taylor, B., Blackwell, J.M., Tienari, P., Bramon, E., Tourbah, A., Brown, M.A., Tronczynska, E., Casas, J.P., Tubridy, N., Corvin, A., Vickery, J., Jankowski, J., Villoslada, P., Markus, H.S., Wang, K., Mathew, C.G., Wason, J., Palmer, C.N.A., Wichmann, H-E, Plomin, R., Willoughby, E., Rautanen, A., Winkelmann, J., Wittig, M., Trembath, R.C., Yaouanq, J., Viswanathan, A.C., Zhang, H., Wood, N.W., Zuvich, R., Deloukas, P., Langford, C., Duncanson, A., Oksenberg, J.R., Pericak-Vance, M.A., Haines, J.L., Olsson, T., Hillert, J., Ivinson, A.J., De Jager, P.L., Peltonen, L., Stewart, G.J., Hafler, D.A., Hauser, S.L., McVean, G., Donnelly, P., and Compston, A.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability1. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals2, 3, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk4. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS)5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility11. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Published
2011

3. Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis

Author

Sawcer, S., Hellenthal, G., Pirinen, M., Spencer, C.C.A., Patsopoulos, N.A., Moutsianas, L., Dilthey, A., Su, Z., Freeman, C., Hunt, S.E., Edkins, S., Gray, E., Booth, D.R., Potter, S.C., Goris, A., Band, G., Bang Oturai, A., Strange, A., Saarela, J., Bellenguez, C., Fontaine, B., Gillman, M., Hemmer, B., Gwilliam, R., Zipp, F., Jayakumar, A., Martin, R., Leslie, S., Hawkins, S., Giannoulatou, E., D’alfonso, S., Blackburn, H., Martinelli Boneschi, F., Liddle, J., Harbo, H.F., Perez, M.L., Spurkland, A., Waller, M.J., Mycko, M.P., Ricketts, M., Comabella, M., Hammond, N., Kockum, I., McCann, O.T., Ban, M., Whittaker, P., Kemppinen, A., Weston, P., Hawkins, C., Widaa, S., Zajicek, J., Dronov, S., Robertson, N., Bumpstead, S.J., Barcellos, L.F., Ravindrarajah, R., Abraham, R., Alfredsson, L., Ardlie, K., Aubin, C., Baker, A., Baker, K., Baranzini, S.E., Bergamaschi, L., Bergamaschi, R., Bernstein, A., Berthele, A., Boggild, M., Bradfield, J.P., Brassat, D., Broadley, S.A., Buck, D., Butzkueven, H., Capra, R., Carroll, W.M., Cavalla, P., Celius, E.G., Cepok, S., Chiavacci, R., Clerget-Darpoux, F., Clysters, K., Comi, G., Cossburn, M., Cournu-Rebeix, I., Cox, M.B., Cozen, W., Cree, B.A.C., Cross, A.H., Cusi, D., Daly, M.J., Davis, E., de Bakker, P.I.W., Debouverie, M., D’hooghe, M.B., Dixon, K., Dobosi, R., Dubois, B., Ellinghaus, D., Elovaara, I., Esposito, F., Fontenille, C., Foote, S., Franke, A., Galimberti, D., Ghezzi, A., Glessner, J., Gomez, R., Gout, O., Graham, C., Grant, S.F.A., Rosa Guerini, F., Hakonarson, H., Hall, P., Hamsten, A., Hartung, H-P, Heard, R.N., Heath, S., Hobart, J., Hoshi, M., Infante-Duarte, C., Ingram, G., Ingram, W., Islam, T., Jagodic, M., Kabesch, M., Kermode, A.G., Kilpatrick, T.J., Kim, C., Klopp, N., Koivisto, K., Larsson, M., Lathrop, M., Lechner-Scott, J.S., Leone, M.A., Leppä, V., Liljedahl, U., Lima Bomfim, I., Lincoln, R.R., Link, J., Liu, J., Lorentzen, Å.R., Lupoli, S., Macciardi, F., Mack, T., Marriott, M., Martinelli, V., Mason, D., McCauley, J.L., Mentch, F., Mero, I-L, Mihalova, T., Montalban, X., Mottershead, J., Myhr, K-M, Naldi, P., Ollier, W., Page, A., Palotie, A., Pelletier, J., Piccio, L., Pickersgill, T., Piehl, F., Pobywajlo, S., Quach, H.L., Ramsay, P.P., Reunanen, M., Reynolds, R., Rioux, J.D., Rodegher, M., Roesner, S., Rubio, J.P., Rückert, I-M, Salvetti, M., Salvi, E., Santaniello, A., Schaefer, C.A., Schreiber, S., Schulze, C., Scott, R.J., Sellebjerg, F., Selmaj, K.W., Sexton, D., Shen, L., Simms-Acuna, B., Skidmore, S., Sleiman, P.M.A., Smestad, C., Sørensen, P.S., Søndergaard, H.B., Stankovich, J., Strange, R.C., Sulonen, A-M, Sundqvist, E., Syvänen, A-C, Taddeo, F., Taylor, B., Blackwell, J.M., Tienari, P., Bramon, E., Tourbah, A., Brown, M.A., Tronczynska, E., Casas, J.P., Tubridy, N., Corvin, A., Vickery, J., Jankowski, J., Villoslada, P., Markus, H.S., Wang, K., Mathew, C.G., Wason, J., Palmer, C.N.A., Wichmann, H-E, Plomin, R., Willoughby, E., Rautanen, A., Winkelmann, J., Wittig, M., Trembath, R.C., Yaouanq, J., Viswanathan, A.C., Zhang, H., Wood, N.W., Zuvich, R., Deloukas, P., Langford, C., Duncanson, A., Oksenberg, J.R., Pericak-Vance, M.A., Haines, J.L., Olsson, T., Hillert, J., Ivinson, A.J., De Jager, P.L., Peltonen, L., Stewart, G.J., Hafler, D.A., Hauser, S.L., McVean, G., Donnelly, P., Compston, A., Sawcer, S., Hellenthal, G., Pirinen, M., Spencer, C.C.A., Patsopoulos, N.A., Moutsianas, L., Dilthey, A., Su, Z., Freeman, C., Hunt, S.E., Edkins, S., Gray, E., Booth, D.R., Potter, S.C., Goris, A., Band, G., Bang Oturai, A., Strange, A., Saarela, J., Bellenguez, C., Fontaine, B., Gillman, M., Hemmer, B., Gwilliam, R., Zipp, F., Jayakumar, A., Martin, R., Leslie, S., Hawkins, S., Giannoulatou, E., D’alfonso, S., Blackburn, H., Martinelli Boneschi, F., Liddle, J., Harbo, H.F., Perez, M.L., Spurkland, A., Waller, M.J., Mycko, M.P., Ricketts, M., Comabella, M., Hammond, N., Kockum, I., McCann, O.T., Ban, M., Whittaker, P., Kemppinen, A., Weston, P., Hawkins, C., Widaa, S., Zajicek, J., Dronov, S., Robertson, N., Bumpstead, S.J., Barcellos, L.F., Ravindrarajah, R., Abraham, R., Alfredsson, L., Ardlie, K., Aubin, C., Baker, A., Baker, K., Baranzini, S.E., Bergamaschi, L., Bergamaschi, R., Bernstein, A., Berthele, A., Boggild, M., Bradfield, J.P., Brassat, D., Broadley, S.A., Buck, D., Butzkueven, H., Capra, R., Carroll, W.M., Cavalla, P., Celius, E.G., Cepok, S., Chiavacci, R., Clerget-Darpoux, F., Clysters, K., Comi, G., Cossburn, M., Cournu-Rebeix, I., Cox, M.B., Cozen, W., Cree, B.A.C., Cross, A.H., Cusi, D., Daly, M.J., Davis, E., de Bakker, P.I.W., Debouverie, M., D’hooghe, M.B., Dixon, K., Dobosi, R., Dubois, B., Ellinghaus, D., Elovaara, I., Esposito, F., Fontenille, C., Foote, S., Franke, A., Galimberti, D., Ghezzi, A., Glessner, J., Gomez, R., Gout, O., Graham, C., Grant, S.F.A., Rosa Guerini, F., Hakonarson, H., Hall, P., Hamsten, A., Hartung, H-P, Heard, R.N., Heath, S., Hobart, J., Hoshi, M., Infante-Duarte, C., Ingram, G., Ingram, W., Islam, T., Jagodic, M., Kabesch, M., Kermode, A.G., Kilpatrick, T.J., Kim, C., Klopp, N., Koivisto, K., Larsson, M., Lathrop, M., Lechner-Scott, J.S., Leone, M.A., Leppä, V., Liljedahl, U., Lima Bomfim, I., Lincoln, R.R., Link, J., Liu, J., Lorentzen, Å.R., Lupoli, S., Macciardi, F., Mack, T., Marriott, M., Martinelli, V., Mason, D., McCauley, J.L., Mentch, F., Mero, I-L, Mihalova, T., Montalban, X., Mottershead, J., Myhr, K-M, Naldi, P., Ollier, W., Page, A., Palotie, A., Pelletier, J., Piccio, L., Pickersgill, T., Piehl, F., Pobywajlo, S., Quach, H.L., Ramsay, P.P., Reunanen, M., Reynolds, R., Rioux, J.D., Rodegher, M., Roesner, S., Rubio, J.P., Rückert, I-M, Salvetti, M., Salvi, E., Santaniello, A., Schaefer, C.A., Schreiber, S., Schulze, C., Scott, R.J., Sellebjerg, F., Selmaj, K.W., Sexton, D., Shen, L., Simms-Acuna, B., Skidmore, S., Sleiman, P.M.A., Smestad, C., Sørensen, P.S., Søndergaard, H.B., Stankovich, J., Strange, R.C., Sulonen, A-M, Sundqvist, E., Syvänen, A-C, Taddeo, F., Taylor, B., Blackwell, J.M., Tienari, P., Bramon, E., Tourbah, A., Brown, M.A., Tronczynska, E., Casas, J.P., Tubridy, N., Corvin, A., Vickery, J., Jankowski, J., Villoslada, P., Markus, H.S., Wang, K., Mathew, C.G., Wason, J., Palmer, C.N.A., Wichmann, H-E, Plomin, R., Willoughby, E., Rautanen, A., Winkelmann, J., Wittig, M., Trembath, R.C., Yaouanq, J., Viswanathan, A.C., Zhang, H., Wood, N.W., Zuvich, R., Deloukas, P., Langford, C., Duncanson, A., Oksenberg, J.R., Pericak-Vance, M.A., Haines, J.L., Olsson, T., Hillert, J., Ivinson, A.J., De Jager, P.L., Peltonen, L., Stewart, G.J., Hafler, D.A., Hauser, S.L., McVean, G., Donnelly, P., and Compston, A.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability1. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals2, 3, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk4. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS)5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility11. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Published
2011

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