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1. A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

Author

Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford OX1 3TG, England, Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA, Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA, Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA, Pacific Biosci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA, Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA, Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Genom Inst, Beijing 100300, Peoples R China, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Simches Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, Beijing Econ Technol Dev Area, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China, Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, Fudan Univ, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, CAS, SIBS, Sch Life Sci, MPG Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biochem, Croucher Lab Human Genet, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biochem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Appl Genom Ctr, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Illumina, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, Complete Genom Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA, Prognosys Biosci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada, Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada, Univ Montreal, Publ Law Res Ctr, Downtown Stn, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada, Ontario Inst Canc Res, MaRS Ctr, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada, Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, Univ Hong Kong, Genome Res Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan, RIKEN SNP Res Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan, Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England, Univ Cambridge, Dept Oncol, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England, Solexa Ltd, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, England, Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA, Univ Leicester, Dept Genet, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England, Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA, Int Epidemiol Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA, Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, NHGRI, US NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Natl Lib Med, US NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA, Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Med Genet Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China, Hlth Sci Univ Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan, Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan, UNESCO Bangkok, Bangkok 10110, Thailand, Univ Tsukuba, Eubios Eth Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058691, Japan, Howard Univ, Natl Human Genome Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA, Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Bioeth, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Eccles Inst Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Philosophy, Ctr Appl Eth, Beijing 100067, Peoples R China, Genet Interest Grp, London N13 0P, England, Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Humanities, Kyoto 6068501, Japan, Grad Sch Biostudies, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan, Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Human Genet, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan, Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Genet & Hlth Policy, Nashville, TN 37232 USA, Wellcome Trust Res Labs, London NW1 2BE, England, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China, Genome Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1, Canada, McGill Univ, Off Technol Transfer, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada, Genome Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3B 1S6, Canada, Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008959, Japan, Minist Sci & Technol, Beijing 100862, Peoples R China, Human Genet Resource Adm China, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China, US NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Novartis Pharmaceut Corp, Biomarker Dev, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA, US NIH, Off Technol Transfer, Rockville, MD 20852 USA, Univ Maryland, Sch Law, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, Mjdaly@chgr.mgh.harvard.edu; mcvean@stats.ox.ac.uk, Frazer, Kelly A., Ballinger, Dennis G., Cox, David R., Hinds, David A., Stuve, Laura L., Gibbs, Richard A., Belmont, John W., Boudreau, Andrew, Hardenbol, Paul, Leal, Suzanne M., Pasternak, Shiran, Tanaka, Toshihiro, Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko, Deloukas, Panos, Bird, Christine P., Delgado, Marcos, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Gwilliam, Rhian, Hunt, Sarah, Morrison, Jonathan, Powell, Don, Wheeler, David A., Stranger, Barbara E., Whittaker, Pamela, Bentley, David R., Daly, Mark J., De Bakker, Paul I.W., Barrett, Jeff, Chretien, Yves R., Maller, Julian, McCarroll, Steve, Patterson, Nick, Willis, Thomas D., Pe'er, Itsik, Price, Alkes, Purcell, Shaun, Richter, Daniel J., Sabeti, Pardis, Saxena, Richa, Schaffner, Stephen F., Sham, Pak C., Varilly, Patrick, Altshuler, David, Yu, Fuli, Stein, Lincoln D., Krishnan, Lalitha, Smith, Albert Vernon, Tello-Ruiz, Marcela K., Thorisson, Gudmundur A., Chakravarti, Aravinda, Chen, Peter E., Cutler, David J., Kashuk, Carl S., Lin, Shin, Yang, Huanming, Abecasis, Gon??alo R., Guan, Weihua, Li, Yun, Munro, Heather M., Qin, Zhaohui Steve, Thomas, Daryl J., McVean, Gilean, Auton, Adam, Bottolo, Leonardo, Cardin, Niall, Zeng, Changqing, Eyheramendy, Susana, Freeman, Colin, Marchini, Jonathan, Myers, Simon, Spencer, Chris, Stephens, Matthew, Donnelly, Peter, Cardon, Lon R., Clarke, Geraldine, Evans, David M., Gao, Yang, Morris, Andrew P., Weir, Bruce S., Johnson, Todd A., Mullikin, James C., Sherry, Stephen T., Feolo, Michael, Skol, Andrew, Hu, Haoran, Hu, Weitao, Li, Chaohua, Lin, Wei, Liu, Siqi, Pan, Hao, Tang, Xiaoli, Wang, Jian, Wang, Wei, Yu, Jun, Zhang, Bo, Zhang, Qingrun, Zhao, Hongbin, Zhao, Hui, Zhou, Jun, Gabriel, Stacey B., Barry, Rachel, Blumenstiel, Brendan, Camargo, Amy, Defelice, Matthew, Faggart, Maura, Goyette, Mary, Gupta, Supriya, Moore, Jamie, Nguyen, Huy, Onofrio, Robert C., Parkin, Melissa, Roy, Jessica, Stahl, Erich, Winchester, Ellen, Ziaugra, Liuda, Shen, Yan, Yao, Zhijian, Huang, Wei, Chu, Xun, He, Yungang, Jin, Li, Liu, Yangfan, Shen, Yayun, Sun, Weiwei, Wang, Haifeng, Wang, Yi, Wang, Ying, Xiong, Xiaoyan, Xu, Liang, Waye, Mary M.Y., Tsui, Stephen K.W., Wong, J. Tze-Fei, Galver, Luana M., Fan, Jian-Bing, Gunderson, Kevin, Murray, Sarah S., Oliphant, Arnold R., Chee, Mark S., Montpetit, Alexandre, Chagnon, Fanny, Ferretti, Vincent, Leboeuf, Martin, Olivier, Jean-Franccois, Phillips, Michael S., Roumy, Stephanie, Sallee, Clementine, Verner, Andrei, Hudson, Thomas J., Kwok, Pui-Yan, Cai, Dongmei, Koboldt, Daniel C., Miller, Raymond D., Pawlikowska, Ludmila, Taillon-Miller, Patricia, Xiao, Ming, Tsui, Lap-Chee, Mak, William, Song, You Qiang, Tam, Paul K.H., Nakamura, Yusuke, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kitamoto, Takuya, Morizono, Takashi, Nagashima, Atsushi, Ohnishi, Yozo, Sekine, Akihiro, Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Univ Oxford, Dept Stat, Oxford OX1 3TG, England, Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA, Perlegen Sci Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA, Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA, Pacific Biosci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA, Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA, Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Genom Inst, Beijing 100300, Peoples R China, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Simches Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, Beijing Econ Technol Dev Area, Beijing 100176, Peoples R China, Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, Fudan Univ, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, CAS, SIBS, Sch Life Sci, MPG Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biochem, Croucher Lab Human Genet, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biochem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Appl Genom Ctr, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Illumina, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, Complete Genom Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA, Prognosys Biosci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA, McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada, Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4, Canada, Univ Montreal, Publ Law Res Ctr, Downtown Stn, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada, Ontario Inst Canc Res, MaRS Ctr, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada, Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, Univ Hong Kong, Genome Res Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China, Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan, RIKEN SNP Res Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan, Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England, Univ Cambridge, Dept Oncol, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England, Solexa Ltd, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, Essex, England, Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA, Univ Leicester, Dept Genet, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England, Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA, Int Epidemiol Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA, Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, NHGRI, US NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Natl Lib Med, US NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA, Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Med Genet Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China, Hlth Sci Univ Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan, Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan, UNESCO Bangkok, Bangkok 10110, Thailand, Univ Tsukuba, Eubios Eth Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058691, Japan, Howard Univ, Natl Human Genome Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA, Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Bioeth, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Eccles Inst Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Philosophy, Ctr Appl Eth, Beijing 100067, Peoples R China, Genet Interest Grp, London N13 0P, England, Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Humanities, Kyoto 6068501, Japan, Grad Sch Biostudies, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan, Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Human Genet, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan, Univ Oklahoma, Dept Anthropol, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Genet & Hlth Policy, Nashville, TN 37232 USA, Wellcome Trust Res Labs, London NW1 2BE, England, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China, Genome Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1, Canada, McGill Univ, Off Technol Transfer, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada, Genome Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3B 1S6, Canada, Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008959, Japan, Minist Sci & Technol, Beijing 100862, Peoples R China, Human Genet Resource Adm China, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China, US NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Novartis Pharmaceut Corp, Biomarker Dev, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA, US NIH, Off Technol Transfer, Rockville, MD 20852 USA, Univ Maryland, Sch Law, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, Mjdaly@chgr.mgh.harvard.edu; mcvean@stats.ox.ac.uk, Frazer, Kelly A., Ballinger, Dennis G., Cox, David R., Hinds, David A., Stuve, Laura L., Gibbs, Richard A., Belmont, John W., Boudreau, Andrew, Hardenbol, Paul, Leal, Suzanne M., Pasternak, Shiran, Tanaka, Toshihiro, Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko, Deloukas, Panos, Bird, Christine P., Delgado, Marcos, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Gwilliam, Rhian, Hunt, Sarah, Morrison, Jonathan, Powell, Don, Wheeler, David A., Stranger, Barbara E., Whittaker, Pamela, Bentley, David R., Daly, Mark J., De Bakker, Paul I.W., Barrett, Jeff, Chretien, Yves R., Maller, Julian, McCarroll, Steve, Patterson, Nick, Willis, Thomas D., Pe'er, Itsik, Price, Alkes, Purcell, Shaun, Richter, Daniel J., Sabeti, Pardis, Saxena, Richa, Schaffner, Stephen F., Sham, Pak C., Varilly, Patrick, Altshuler, David, Yu, Fuli, Stein, Lincoln D., Krishnan, Lalitha, Smith, Albert Vernon, Tello-Ruiz, Marcela K., Thorisson, Gudmundur A., Chakravarti, Aravinda, Chen, Peter E., Cutler, David J., Kashuk, Carl S., Lin, Shin, Yang, Huanming, Abecasis, Gon??alo R., Guan, Weihua, Li, Yun, Munro, Heather M., Qin, Zhaohui Steve, Thomas, Daryl J., McVean, Gilean, Auton, Adam, Bottolo, Leonardo, Cardin, Niall, Zeng, Changqing, Eyheramendy, Susana, Freeman, Colin, Marchini, Jonathan, Myers, Simon, Spencer, Chris, Stephens, Matthew, Donnelly, Peter, Cardon, Lon R., Clarke, Geraldine, Evans, David M., Gao, Yang, Morris, Andrew P., Weir, Bruce S., Johnson, Todd A., Mullikin, James C., Sherry, Stephen T., Feolo, Michael, Skol, Andrew, Hu, Haoran, Hu, Weitao, Li, Chaohua, Lin, Wei, Liu, Siqi, Pan, Hao, Tang, Xiaoli, Wang, Jian, Wang, Wei, Yu, Jun, Zhang, Bo, Zhang, Qingrun, Zhao, Hongbin, Zhao, Hui, Zhou, Jun, Gabriel, Stacey B., Barry, Rachel, Blumenstiel, Brendan, Camargo, Amy, Defelice, Matthew, Faggart, Maura, Goyette, Mary, Gupta, Supriya, Moore, Jamie, Nguyen, Huy, Onofrio, Robert C., Parkin, Melissa, Roy, Jessica, Stahl, Erich, Winchester, Ellen, Ziaugra, Liuda, Shen, Yan, Yao, Zhijian, Huang, Wei, Chu, Xun, He, Yungang, Jin, Li, Liu, Yangfan, Shen, Yayun, Sun, Weiwei, Wang, Haifeng, Wang, Yi, Wang, Ying, Xiong, Xiaoyan, Xu, Liang, Waye, Mary M.Y., Tsui, Stephen K.W., Wong, J. Tze-Fei, Galver, Luana M., Fan, Jian-Bing, Gunderson, Kevin, Murray, Sarah S., Oliphant, Arnold R., Chee, Mark S., Montpetit, Alexandre, Chagnon, Fanny, Ferretti, Vincent, Leboeuf, Martin, Olivier, Jean-Franccois, Phillips, Michael S., Roumy, Stephanie, Sallee, Clementine, Verner, Andrei, Hudson, Thomas J., Kwok, Pui-Yan, Cai, Dongmei, Koboldt, Daniel C., Miller, Raymond D., Pawlikowska, Ludmila, Taillon-Miller, Patricia, Xiao, Ming, Tsui, Lap-Chee, Mak, William, Song, You Qiang, Tam, Paul K.H., Nakamura, Yusuke, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kitamoto, Takuya, Morizono, Takashi, Nagashima, Atsushi, Ohnishi, Yozo, and Sekine, Akihiro

Abstract

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r(2) of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r(2) of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations.

Published
2009

2. Mutations at F637 in the NMDA receptor NR2A subunit M3 domain influence agonist potency, ion channel gating and alcohol action

Author

Ren, H, Salous, A K, Paul, J M, Lipsky, R H, and Peoples, R W

Subjects
Electrophysiology, Analysis of Variance, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ethanol, Mutation, Glutamic Acid, Humans, Research Papers, Ion Channel Gating, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Cell Line
Abstract

NMDA receptors are important molecular targets of ethanol action in the CNS. Previous studies have identified a site in membrane-associated domain 3 (M3) of the NR1 subunit and two sites in M4 of the NR2A subunit that influence alcohol action; the sites in NR2A M4 also regulate ion channel gating. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mutations at the site in the NR2A subunit corresponding to the NR1 M3 site influence alcohol action and ion channel gating.We investigated the effects of mutations at phenylalanine (F) 637 of the NR2A subunit using whole-cell and single-channel patch-clamp electrophysiological recording in transiently-transfected HEK 293 cells.Mutations at F637 in the NR2A subunit altered peak and steady-state glutamate EC(50) values, maximal steady-state to peak current ratios (I(ss):I(p)), mean open time, and ethanol IC(50) values. Differences in glutamate potency among the mutants were not due to changes in desensitization. Ethanol IC(50) values were significantly correlated with glutamate EC(50) values, but not with maximal I(ss):I(p) or mean open time. Ethanol IC(50) values were linearly and inversely related to molecular volume of the substituent.These results demonstrate that NR2A(F637) influences NMDA receptor affinity, ion channel gating, and ethanol sensitivity. The changes in NMDA receptor affinity are likely to be the result of altered ion channel gating. In contrast to the cognate site in the NR1 subunit, the action of ethanol does not appear to involve occupation of a critical volume at NR2A(F637).

Published
2007

3. Hydrostatic pressure effects on the static magnetism in Eu(Fe$_{0.925}$Co$_{0.075}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$

Author

W. T. Jin, J.-P. Sun, G. Z. Ye, Y. Xiao, Y. Su, K. Schmalzl, S. Nandi, Z. Bukowski, Z. Guguchia, E. Feng, Z. Fu, J.-G. Cheng, Forschungszentrum Julich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ, JCNS, Lichtenbergstr 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China, Forschungszentrum Julich, JCNS, D-52425 Julich, Germany, Forschungszentrum Julich, PGI, JARA FIT, D-52425 Julich, Germany, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Department of Physics [Kanpur], Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland, and Columbia University [New York]

Subjects
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Science, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, ddc:000, Medicine, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the static magnetism in Eu(Fe$_{0.925}$Co$_{0.075}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ are investigated by complementary electrical resistivity, ac magnetic susceptibility and single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements. A specific pressure-temperature phase diagram of Eu(Fe$_{0.925}$Co$_{0.075}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ is established. The structural phase transition, as well as the spin-density-wave order of Fe sublattice, is suppressed gradually with increasing pressure and disappears completely above 2.0 GPa. In contrast, the magnetic order of Eu sublattice persists over the whole investigated pressure range up to 14 GPa, yet displaying a non-monotonic variation with pressure. With the increase of the hydrostatic pressure, the magnetic state of Eu evolves from the canted antiferromagnetic structure in the ground state, via a pure ferromagnetic structure under the intermediate pressure, finally to a possible "novel" antiferromagnetic structure under the high pressure. The strong ferromagnetism of Eu coexists with the pressure-induced superconductivity around 2 GPa. The change of the magnetic state of Eu in Eu(Fe$_{0.925}$Co$_{0.075}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ upon the application of hydrostatic pressure probably arises from the modification of the indirect Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction between the Eu$^{2+}$ moments tuned by external pressure., 9 pages, 6 figures

Published
2017
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4. Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to Simultaneously Produce Lipase and Single Cell Protein from Agro-industrial Wastes for Feed

Author

Xiaohua Gui, Jinyong Yan, Dujie Pan, Yunjun Yan, Genhan Zha, Li Xu, Bingnan Han, Catherine Madzak, Liangcheng Jiao, Guilong Wang, Yaofeng Wang, Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST), Zhejiang University, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mol Biophys, 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China, Partenaires INRAE, Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Shanghai Institute of Technology (SIT), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2014AA093510], National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC31570793], Innovation Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Morning Light Plan of Youth Science and Technology [2017050304010292], Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Applied Basic Research Program of Science and Technology of Qingdao [14-2-4-10-jch], and Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of Zhejiang province [LGN18C190011]

Subjects
Glycerol, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Triacylglycerol lipase, Industrial Waste, Yarrowia, lcsh:Medicine, biodiesel, oil, 01 natural sciences, Article, oleaginous yeast, industrial applications, pichia-pastoris, fatty-acids, expression, secretion, pathway, Metabolic engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, 010608 biotechnology, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Molasses, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Food science, Lipase, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, biology, Chemistry, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, Saccharum, 030104 developmental biology, Metabolic Engineering, Biodiesel production, biology.protein, Single-cell protein, Fermentation, lcsh:Q, Dietary Proteins, Energy Metabolism, Oils
Abstract

Lipases are scarcely exploited as feed enzymes in hydrolysis of lipids for increasing energy supply and improving nutrient use efficiency. In this work, we performed homologous overexpression, in vitro characterization and in vivo assessment of a lipase from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for feed purpose. Simultaneously, a large amount of yeast cell biomass was produced, for use as single cell protein, a potential protein-rich feed resource. Three kinds of low cost agro-industrial wastes were tested as substrates for simultaneous production of lipase and single cell protein (SCP) as feed additives: sugarcane molasses, waste cooking oil and crude glycerol from biodiesel production. Sugarcane molasses appeared as the most effective cheap medium, allowing production of 16420 U/ml of lipase and 151.2 g/L of single cell protein at 10 liter fermentation scale. In vitro characterization by mimicking a gastro-intestinal environment and determination of essential amino acids of the SCP, and in vivo oral feeding test on fish all revealed that lipase, SCP and their combination were excellent feed additives. Such simultaneous production of this lipase and SCP could address two main concerns of feed industry, poor utilization of lipid and shortage of protein resource at the same time.

Published
2018
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5. Wang et al. reply

Author

Enlou Zhang, Rong Wang, John A. Dearing, Marten Scheffer, Xiangdong Yang, Vasilis Dakos, Peter G. Langdon, Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, education, 01 natural sciences, Correspondence analysis, Detrended correspondence analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Gaussian function, Range (statistics), Regime shift, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, Discrete mathematics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Eutrophication, biology.organism_classification, Exponential function, Lakes, Diatom, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, symbols, Smoothing, Forecasting
Abstract

Some issues have been raised with regard to our paper, by Carstensen et al. In terms of our data processing, we were aware from the outset of the problems of unevenly spaced temporal data and sediment dating errors. We also wanted to duplicate, as far as possible, the methods published previously that had been used to identify early warning signals in palaeoenvironmental data (for example, ref. 3). Thus, we applied two standard smoothing functions (exponential and Gaussian kernel) to interpolated and non-interpolated (original) diatom data, expressed as three statistical indices (detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), Hill’s diversity index N2 (HDI) and correspondence analysis), using different sliding-window sizes and the two-standard-deviation range of dates for each sample.

Published
2013
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6. Three-Dimensional Structure of a Simple Liquid at a Face-Centered-Cubic (001) Solid Surface Interface.

Author

Bao L, Hu H, Wen J, Sepri P, and Luo K

Abstract

A liquid in the vicinity of a solid-liquid interface (SLI) may exhibit complex structures. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulations demonstrating for the first time that the liquid adjacent to the SLI can have a two-level structure in some cases: a major structure and a minor structure. Through a time-averaging process of molecular motions, we identified the type of the liquid structure by calculating positions of the maximum liquid density in three spatial dimensions, and these positions were found to distribute in many dispersed zones (called high-density zones (HDZs)). The major structure appears throughout the SLI, while the minor structure only occurs significantly within the third layer. Instead of the previously reported body-centered cubic (BCC) or face-centered-cubic (FCC) types, the major structure was found to show a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) type. The adjacent HDZs are connected by specific junctions, demonstrating that atoms diffuse along some particular high probability paths from one HDZ to another. By considering the three-dimensional liquid density distribution from the continuum point of view, more complete details of the structure and diffusive behavior of liquids in the SLI are also possible to be revealed.

Published
2016
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7. Responses of soil nitrogen fixation to Spartina alterniflora invasion and nitrogen addition in a Chinese salt marsh.

Author

Huang J, Xu X, Wang M, Nie M, Qiu S, Wang Q, Quan Z, Xiao M, and Li B

Subjects
Analysis of Variance, Biomass, China, Cluster Analysis, Genes, Bacterial, Geography, Phylogeny, Introduced Species, Nitrogen Fixation, Poaceae physiology, Sodium Chloride chemistry, Soil, Wetlands
Abstract

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the major natural process of nitrogen (N) input to ecosystems. To understand how plant invasion and N enrichment affect BNF, we compared soil N-fixation rates and N-fixing microbes (NFM) of an invasive Spartina alterniflora community and a native Phragmites australis community in the Yangtze River estuary, with and without N addition. Our results indicated that plant invasion relative to N enrichment had a greater influence on BNF. At each N level, the S. alterniflora community had a higher soil N-fixation rate but a lower diversity of the nifH gene in comparison with the native community. The S. alterniflora community with N addition had the highest soil N-fixation rate and the nifH gene abundance across all treatments. Our results suggest that S. alterniflora invasion can increase soil N fixation in the high N-loading estuarine ecosystem, and thus may further mediate soil N availability.

Published
2016
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8. Transformation-optical Fan-beam Synthesis.

Author

Yang R, Kong X, Wang H, Su H, Lei Z, Wang J, Zhang A, and Chen L

Abstract

Gradient-index dielectric lenses are generated based on the coordinate transformation by compressing the homogeneous air spaces quasi-conformally towards and outwards the primary source. The three-dimensional modeling is then performed through revolving the prescribed transformational media 180 degrees around the focal point to reach the architecture of barrel-vaults. It is found that all these two- and three-dimensional transformation-optical designs are capable of producing fan-beams efficiently over a broad frequency range with their main lobes possessing the narrow beamwidth in one dimension and the wide beamwidth in the other, while having the great ability of the wide angular scanning. Finally, we propose to construct such four types of fan-beam lenses through multiple-layered dielectrics with non-uniformed perforations and experimentally demonstrate their excellent performances in the fan-beam synthesis.

Published
2016
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9. Current-limiting challenges for all-spin logic devices.

Author

Su L, Zhang Y, Klein JO, Zhang Y, Bournel A, Fert A, and Zhao W

Abstract

All-spin logic device (ASLD) has attracted increasing interests as one of the most promising post-CMOS device candidates, thanks to its low power, non-volatility and logic-in-memory structure. Here we investigate the key current-limiting factors and develop a physics-based model of ASLD through nano-magnet switching, the spin transport properties and the breakdown characteristic of channel. First, ASLD with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) nano-magnet is proposed to reduce the critical current (Ic0). Most important, the spin transport efficiency can be enhanced by analyzing the device structure, dimension, contact resistance as well as material parameters. Furthermore, breakdown current density (JBR) of spin channel is studied for the upper current limitation. As a result, we can deduce current-limiting conditions and estimate energy dissipation. Based on the model, we demonstrate ASLD with different structures and channel materials (graphene and copper). Asymmetric structure is found to be the optimal option for current limitations. Copper channel outperforms graphene in term of energy but seriously suffers from breakdown current limit. By exploring the current limit and performance tradeoffs, the optimization of ASLD is also discussed. This benchmarking model of ASLD opens up new prospects for design and implementation of future spintronics applications.

Published
2015
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10. Emerging methanol-tolerant AlN nanowire oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell.

Author

Lei M, Wang J, Li JR, Wang YG, Tang HL, and Wang WJ

Abstract

Replacing precious and nondurable Pt catalysts with cheap materials is a key issue for commercialization of fuel cells. In the case of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), the methanol tolerance is also an important concern. Here, we develop AlN nanowires with diameters of about 100-150 nm and the length up to 1 mm through crystal growth method. We find it is electrochemically stable in methanol-contained alkaline electrolyte. This novel material exhibits pronounced electrocatalytic activity with exchange current density of about 6.52 × 10(-8) A/cm(2). The single cell assembled with AlN nanowire cathodic electrode achieves a power density of 18.9 mW cm(-2). After being maintained at 100 mA cm(-2) for 48 h, the AlN nanowire-based single cell keeps 92.1% of the initial performance, which is in comparison with 54.5% for that assembled with Pt/C cathode. This discovery reveals a new type of metal nitride ORR catalyst that can be cheaply produced from crystal growth method.

Published
2014
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