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1. The Forest Observation System, building a global reference dataset for remote sensing of forest biomass

Author

Schepaschenko, D., Chave, J., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Davies, S.J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Sist, P., Scipal, K., Perger, C., Herault, B., Labrière, N., Hofhansl, F., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aleinikov, A., Alonso, A., Amani, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Armston, J., Arroyo, L., Ascarrunz, N., Azevedo, C., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Bedeau, C., Berry, N., Bilous, A.M., Bilous, S., Bissiengou, P., Blanc, L., Bobkova, .S., Braslavskaya, T., Brienen, R., Burslem, D., Condit, R., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Danilina, D., del Castillo Torres, D., Derroire, G., Descroix, L., Sotta, E.D., d’Oliveira, M.V.N., Dresel, C., Erwin, T., Evdokimenko, M.D., Falck, J., Feldpausch, T.R., Foli, E.G., Foster, R., Fritz, S., Garcia-Abril, A.D., Gornov, A., Gornova, M., Gothard-Bassébé, E., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Guedes, M., Hamer, K.C., Susanty, F.H., Higuchi, N., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hubbell, S., Ilstedt, U., Ivanov, V.V., Kanashiro, M., Karlsson, A., Karminov, V.N., Killeen, T., Koffi, J.-C., Konovalova, M., Kraxner, F., Krejza, J., Krisnawati, H., Krivobokov, L.V., Kuznetsov, M.A., Lakyda, I., Lakyda, P.I., Licona, J.C., Lucas, R.M., Lukina, N., Lussetti, D., Malhi, Y., Manzanera, J.A., Marimon, B., Marimon, B.H., Martinez, R.V., Martynenko, O.V., Matsala, M., Matyashuk, R.K., Mazzei, L., Memiaghe, H., Mendoza, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moroziuk, Olga V., Mukhortova, L., Musa, S., Nazimova, D.I., Okuda, T., Oliveira, L.C., Ontikov, P.V., Osipov, A., Pietsch, S., Playfair, M., Poulsen, J., Radchenko, V.G., Rodney, K., Rozak, A.H., Ruschel, A., Rutishauser, E., See, L., Shchepashchenko, M., Shevchenko, N., Shvidenko, A., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sonké, B., Souza, C., Stereńczak, K., Stonozhenko, L., Sullivan, M., Szatniewska, J., Taedoumg, H., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E., Toledo, M., Trefilova, O.V., Valbuena, R., Gamarra, L.V., Vasiliev, S., Vedrova, E.F., Verhovets, S.V., Vidal, E., Vladimirova, N.A., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V.A., Vozmitel, F.K., Wanek, W., West, T., Woell, H., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Yamada, T., Nur Hajar, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Schepaschenko, D., Chave, J., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Davies, S.J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Sist, P., Scipal, K., Perger, C., Herault, B., Labrière, N., Hofhansl, F., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aleinikov, A., Alonso, A., Amani, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Armston, J., Arroyo, L., Ascarrunz, N., Azevedo, C., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Bedeau, C., Berry, N., Bilous, A.M., Bilous, S., Bissiengou, P., Blanc, L., Bobkova, .S., Braslavskaya, T., Brienen, R., Burslem, D., Condit, R., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Danilina, D., del Castillo Torres, D., Derroire, G., Descroix, L., Sotta, E.D., d’Oliveira, M.V.N., Dresel, C., Erwin, T., Evdokimenko, M.D., Falck, J., Feldpausch, T.R., Foli, E.G., Foster, R., Fritz, S., Garcia-Abril, A.D., Gornov, A., Gornova, M., Gothard-Bassébé, E., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Guedes, M., Hamer, K.C., Susanty, F.H., Higuchi, N., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hubbell, S., Ilstedt, U., Ivanov, V.V., Kanashiro, M., Karlsson, A., Karminov, V.N., Killeen, T., Koffi, J.-C., Konovalova, M., Kraxner, F., Krejza, J., Krisnawati, H., Krivobokov, L.V., Kuznetsov, M.A., Lakyda, I., Lakyda, P.I., Licona, J.C., Lucas, R.M., Lukina, N., Lussetti, D., Malhi, Y., Manzanera, J.A., Marimon, B., Marimon, B.H., Martinez, R.V., Martynenko, O.V., Matsala, M., Matyashuk, R.K., Mazzei, L., Memiaghe, H., Mendoza, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moroziuk, Olga V., Mukhortova, L., Musa, S., Nazimova, D.I., Okuda, T., Oliveira, L.C., Ontikov, P.V., Osipov, A., Pietsch, S., Playfair, M., Poulsen, J., Radchenko, V.G., Rodney, K., Rozak, A.H., Ruschel, A., Rutishauser, E., See, L., Shchepashchenko, M., Shevchenko, N., Shvidenko, A., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sonké, B., Souza, C., Stereńczak, K., Stonozhenko, L., Sullivan, M., Szatniewska, J., Taedoumg, H., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E., Toledo, M., Trefilova, O.V., Valbuena, R., Gamarra, L.V., Vasiliev, S., Vedrova, E.F., Verhovets, S.V., Vidal, E., Vladimirova, N.A., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V.A., Vozmitel, F.K., Wanek, W., West, T., Woell, H., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Yamada, T., Nur Hajar, Z., and Zo-Bi, I.

Abstract

Forest biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth’s ecosystems and climate. It is a critical input to greenhouse gas accounting, estimation of carbon losses and forest degradation, assessment of renewable energy potential, and for developing climate change mitigation policies such as REDD+, among others. Wall-to-wall mapping of aboveground biomass (AGB) is now possible with satellite remote sensing (RS). However, RS methods require extant, up-to-date, reliable, representative and comparable in situ data for calibration and validation. Here, we present the Forest Observation System (FOS) initiative, an international cooperation to establish and maintain a global in situ forest biomass database. AGB and canopy height estimates with their associated uncertainties are derived at a 0.25 ha scale from field measurements made in permanent research plots across the world’s forests. All plot estimates are geolocated and have a size that allows for direct comparison with many RS measurements. The FOS offers the potential to improve the accuracy of RS-based biomass products while developing new synergies between the RS and ground-based ecosystem research communities.

Published
2019

2. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Alexiades, M., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Higuchi, N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

Subjects
Forest ecology, Climate-change ecology, Population dynamics

3. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Zagt, Roderick J., Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

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4. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Zagt, Roderick J., Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

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5. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Zagt, Roderick J., Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

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6. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Zagt, Roderick J., Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

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7. Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests.

Author

Tavares JV, Oliveira RS, Mencuccini M, Signori-Müller C, Pereira L, Diniz FC, Gilpin M, Marca Zevallos MJ, Salas Yupayccana CA, Acosta M, Pérez Mullisaca FM, Barros FV, Bittencourt P, Jancoski H, Scalon MC, Marimon BS, Oliveras Menor I, Marimon BH Jr, Fancourt M, Chambers-Ostler A, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Rowland L, Meir P, Lola da Costa AC, Nina A, Sanchez JMB, Tintaya JS, Chino RSC, Baca J, Fernandes L, Cumapa ERM, Santos JAR, Teixeira R, Tello L, Ugarteche MTM, Cuellar GA, Martinez F, Araujo-Murakami A, Almeida E, da Cruz WJA, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Aragāo L, Baker TR, de Camargo PB, Brienen R, Castro W, Ribeiro SC, Coelho de Souza F, Cosio EG, Davila Cardozo N, da Costa Silva R, Disney M, Espejo JS, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira L, Giacomin L, Higuchi N, Hirota M, Honorio E, Huaraca Huasco W, Lewis S, Flores Llampazo G, Malhi Y, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Morandi P, Chama Moscoso V, Muscarella R, Penha D, Rocha MC, Rodrigues G, Ruschel AR, Salinas N, Schlickmann M, Silveira M, Talbot J, Vásquez R, Vedovato L, Vieira SA, Phillips OL, Gloor E, and Galbraith DR

Subjects
Biomass, Droughts, Xylem metabolism, Rain, Climate Change, Carbon Sequestration, Stress, Physiological, Dehydration, Carbon metabolism, Forests, Trees growth & development, Trees metabolism, Tropical Climate
Abstract

Tropical forests face increasing climate risk 1,2 , yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, [Formula: see text] 50 ) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM 50 ) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk 3-5 , little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters [Formula: see text] 50 and HSM 50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both [Formula: see text] 50 and HSM 50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM 50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM 50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM 50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM 50 in the Amazon 6,7 , with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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8. The significance of NAD + metabolites and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in chronic kidney disease.

Author

Takahashi R, Kanda T, Komatsu M, Itoh T, Minakuchi H, Urai H, Kuroita T, Shigaki S, Tsukamoto T, Higuchi N, Ikeda M, Yamanaka R, Yoshimura N, Ono T, Yukioka H, Hasegawa K, Tokuyama H, Wakino S, and Itoh H

Subjects
Animals, Female, Fibrosis, Humans, Male, Methionine, Mice, Niacinamide metabolism, NAD metabolism, Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase genetics, Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase metabolism, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic genetics, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic metabolism, Ureteral Obstruction genetics, Ureteral Obstruction metabolism
Abstract

Dysregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) metabolism contributes to the initiation and progression of age-associated diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a nicotinamide (NAM) metabolizing enzyme, regulates both NAD + and methionine metabolism. Although NNMT is expressed abundantly in the kidney, its role in CKD and renal fibrosis remains unclear. We generated NNMT-deficient mice and a unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model and conducted two clinical studies on human CKD to investigate the role of NNMT in CKD and fibrosis. In UUO, renal NNMT expression and the degraded metabolites of NAM increased, while NAD + and NAD + precursors decreased. NNMT deficiency ameliorated renal fibrosis; mechanistically, it (1) increased the DNA methylation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and (2) improved renal inflammation by increasing renal NAD + and Sirt1 and decreasing NF-κB acetylation. In humans, along with CKD progression, a trend toward a decrease in serum NAD + precursors was observed, while the final NAD + metabolites were accumulated, and the level of eGFR was an independent variable for serum NAM. In addition, NNMT was highly expressed in fibrotic areas of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, increased renal NNMT expression induces NAD + and methionine metabolism perturbation and contributes to renal fibrosis., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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9. The impact of CCR8+ regulatory T cells on cytotoxic T cell function in human lung cancer.

Author

Haruna M, Ueyama A, Yamamoto Y, Hirata M, Goto K, Yoshida H, Higuchi N, Yoshida T, Kidani Y, Nakamura Y, Nagira M, Kawashima A, Iwahori K, Shintani Y, Ohkura N, and Wada H

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Immunotherapy, Mice, Receptors, CCR8 metabolism, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, Lung Neoplasms pathology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress the host immune response and maintain immune homeostasis. Tregs also promote cancer progression and are involved in resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments. Recent studies identified selective CCR8 expression on tumor-infiltrating Tregs; CCR8+ Tregs have been indicated as a possible new target of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the features of CCR8+ Tregs in lung cancer patients. CCR8+ Tregs were highly activated and infiltration of CCR8+ Tregs in tumors was associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. We also investigated their immune suppressive function, especially the influence on cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell function. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis revealed that CD8 T cell activities were suppressed in high CCR8-expressing tumors. Additionally, depletion of CCR8+ cells enhanced CD8 T cell function in an ex vivo culture of lung tumor-infiltrating cells. Moreover, CCR8+ Tregs, but not CCR8- Tregs, induced from human PBMCs markedly suppressed CD8 T cell cytotoxicity. Finally, we demonstrated the therapeutic effect of targeting CCR8 in a murine model of lung cancer. These findings reveal the significance of CCR8+ Tregs for immunosuppression in lung cancer, especially via cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell suppression, and suggest the potential value of CCR8-targeted therapy for cancer treatment., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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10. The Forest Observation System, building a global reference dataset for remote sensing of forest biomass.

Author

Schepaschenko D, Chave J, Phillips OL, Lewis SL, Davies SJ, Réjou-Méchain M, Sist P, Scipal K, Perger C, Herault B, Labrière N, Hofhansl F, Affum-Baffoe K, Aleinikov A, Alonso A, Amani C, Araujo-Murakami A, Armston J, Arroyo L, Ascarrunz N, Azevedo C, Baker T, Bałazy R, Bedeau C, Berry N, Bilous AM, Bilous SY, Bissiengou P, Blanc L, Bobkova KS, Braslavskaya T, Brienen R, Burslem DFRP, Condit R, Cuni-Sanchez A, Danilina D, Del Castillo Torres D, Derroire G, Descroix L, Sotta ED, d'Oliveira MVN, Dresel C, Erwin T, Evdokimenko MD, Falck J, Feldpausch TR, Foli EG, Foster R, Fritz S, Garcia-Abril AD, Gornov A, Gornova M, Gothard-Bassébé E, Gourlet-Fleury S, Guedes M, Hamer KC, Susanty FH, Higuchi N, Coronado ENH, Hubau W, Hubbell S, Ilstedt U, Ivanov VV, Kanashiro M, Karlsson A, Karminov VN, Killeen T, Koffi JK, Konovalova M, Kraxner F, Krejza J, Krisnawati H, Krivobokov LV, Kuznetsov MA, Lakyda I, Lakyda PI, Licona JC, Lucas RM, Lukina N, Lussetti D, Malhi Y, Manzanera JA, Marimon B, Junior BHM, Martinez RV, Martynenko OV, Matsala M, Matyashuk RK, Mazzei L, Memiaghe H, Mendoza C, Mendoza AM, Moroziuk OV, Mukhortova L, Musa S, Nazimova DI, Okuda T, Oliveira LC, Ontikov PV, Osipov AF, Pietsch S, Playfair M, Poulsen J, Radchenko VG, Rodney K, Rozak AH, Ruschel A, Rutishauser E, See L, Shchepashchenko M, Shevchenko N, Shvidenko A, Silveira M, Singh J, Sonké B, Souza C, Stereńczak K, Stonozhenko L, Sullivan MJP, Szatniewska J, Taedoumg H, Ter Steege H, Tikhonova E, Toledo M, Trefilova OV, Valbuena R, Gamarra LV, Vasiliev S, Vedrova EF, Verhovets SV, Vidal E, Vladimirova NA, Vleminckx J, Vos VA, Vozmitel FK, Wanek W, West TAP, Woell H, Woods JT, Wortel V, Yamada T, Nur Hajar ZS, and Zo-Bi IC

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Monitoring methods, Biomass, Forests, Remote Sensing Technology
Abstract

Forest biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth's ecosystems and climate. It is a critical input to greenhouse gas accounting, estimation of carbon losses and forest degradation, assessment of renewable energy potential, and for developing climate change mitigation policies such as REDD+, among others. Wall-to-wall mapping of aboveground biomass (AGB) is now possible with satellite remote sensing (RS). However, RS methods require extant, up-to-date, reliable, representative and comparable in situ data for calibration and validation. Here, we present the Forest Observation System (FOS) initiative, an international cooperation to establish and maintain a global in situ forest biomass database. AGB and canopy height estimates with their associated uncertainties are derived at a 0.25 ha scale from field measurements made in permanent research plots across the world's forests. All plot estimates are geolocated and have a size that allows for direct comparison with many RS measurements. The FOS offers the potential to improve the accuracy of RS-based biomass products while developing new synergies between the RS and ground-based ecosystem research communities.

Published
2019
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11. Identification of commonly altered genes between in major depressive disorder and a mouse model of depression.

Author

Yamagata H, Uchida S, Matsuo K, Harada K, Kobayashi A, Nakashima M, Nakano M, Otsuki K, Abe-Higuchi N, Higuchi F, Watanuki T, Matsubara T, Miyata S, Fukuda M, Mikuni M, and Watanabe Y

Subjects
Aged, Animals, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Histones metabolism, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Middle Aged, Depression genetics, Histones genetics, Transcriptome
Abstract

The heterogeneity of depression (due to factors such as varying age of onset) may explain why biological markers of major depressive disorder (MDD) remain uncertain. We aimed to identify gene expression markers of MDD in leukocytes using microarray analysis. We analyzed gene expression profiles of patients with MDD (age ≥50, age of depression onset <50) (N = 10, depressed state; N = 13, remitted state). Seven-hundred and ninety-seven genes (558 upregulated, 239 downregulated when compared to those of 30 healthy subjects) were identified as potential markers for MDD. These genes were then cross-matched to microarray data obtained from a mouse model of depression (676 genes, 148 upregulated, 528 downregulated). Of the six common genes identified between patients and mice, five genes (SLC35A3, HIST1H2AL, YEATS4, ERLIN2, and PLPP5) were confirmed to be downregulated in patients with MDD by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these genes, HIST1H2AL was significantly decreased in a second set of independent subjects (age ≥20, age of onset <50) (N = 18, subjects with MDD in a depressed state; N = 19, healthy control participants). Taken together, our findings suggest that HIST1H2AL may be a biological marker of MDD.

Published
2017
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12. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink.

Author

Brienen RJ, Phillips OL, Feldpausch TR, Gloor E, Baker TR, Lloyd J, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Malhi Y, Lewis SL, Vásquez Martinez R, Alexiades M, Álvarez Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Andrade A, Aragão LE, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJ, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Bánki OS, Baraloto C, Barroso J, Bonal D, Boot RG, Camargo JL, Castilho CV, Chama V, Chao KJ, Chave J, Comiskey JA, Cornejo Valverde F, da Costa L, de Oliveira EA, Di Fiore A, Erwin TL, Fauset S, Forsthofer M, Galbraith DR, Grahame ES, Groot N, Hérault B, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Keeling H, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Laurance S, Licona J, Magnussen WE, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Neill DA, Nogueira EM, Núñez P, Pallqui Camacho NC, Parada A, Pardo-Molina G, Peacock J, Peña-Claros M, Pickavance GC, Pitman NC, Poorter L, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramírez F, Ramírez-Angulo H, Restrepo Z, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Schwarz M, Silva N, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Stropp J, Talbot J, ter Steege H, Teran-Aguilar J, Terborgh J, Thomas-Caesar R, Toledo M, Torello-Raventos M, Umetsu RK, van der Heijden GM, van der Hout P, Guimarães Vieira IC, Vieira SA, Vilanova E, Vos VA, and Zagt RJ

Subjects
Atmosphere chemistry, Biomass, Brazil, Carbon analysis, Carbon metabolism, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Plant Stems metabolism, Trees growth & development, Trees metabolism, Tropical Climate, Wood analysis, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Carbon Sequestration, Rainforest
Abstract

Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models.

Published
2015
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13. Hydrodynamics-based delivery of the viral interleukin-10 gene suppresses experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Author

Higuchi N, Maruyama H, Kuroda T, Kameda S, Iino N, Kawachi H, Nishikawa Y, Hanawa H, Tahara H, Miyazaki J, and Gejyo F

Subjects
Animals, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Chemokine CCL2 metabolism, DNA administration & dosage, Glomerulonephritis immunology, Glomerulonephritis metabolism, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Injections, Intravenous, Interferon-gamma immunology, Interleukin-10 analysis, Kidney metabolism, Liver immunology, Liver metabolism, Macrophages immunology, Male, Models, Animal, Rabbits, Rats, Rats, Inbred WKY, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Th1 Cells immunology, Genetic Therapy methods, Glomerulonephritis therapy, Interleukin-10 genetics, Kidney immunology, Transduction, Genetic methods
Abstract

Gene therapy is expected to revolutionize the treatment of kidney diseases. Viral interleukin (vIL)-10 has a variety of immunomodulatory properties. We examined the applicability of vIL-10 gene transfer to the treatment of rats with crescentic glomerulonephritis, a T helper 1 (Th 1) predominant disease. To produce the disease, Wistar-Kyoto rats were injected with a rabbit polyclonal anti-rat glomerular basement membrane antibody. After 3 h, a large volume of plasmid DNA expressing vIL-10 (pCAGGS-vIL-10) solution was rapidly injected into the tail vein. pCAGGS solution was similarly injected into control rats (pCAGGS rats). We confirmed the presence of vector-derived vIL-10 mainly in the liver and observed high serum vIL-10 levels in pCAGGS-vIL-10-injected rats. Compared with the pCAGGS rats, the pCAGGS-vIL-10 rats showed significant therapeutic effects: reduced frequency of crescent formation, decrease in the number of total cells, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells in the glomeruli, decrease in urine protein, and attenuation of kidney dysfunction. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we also observed that this model was Th1-predominant in the glomeruli and that the ratio of the transcripts of CD4, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 to the transcripts of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the glomeruli were all significantly lower in the pCAGGS-vIL-10 rats than in the pCAGGS rats. These results demonstrate that pCAGGS-vIL-10 gene transfer by hydrodynamics-based transfection suppresses crescentic glomerulonephritis.

Published
2003
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14. Skin-targeted gene transfer using in vivo electroporation.

Author

Maruyama H, Ataka K, Higuchi N, Sakamoto F, Gejyo F, and Miyazaki J

Subjects
Animals, Electroporation instrumentation, Erythropoietin biosynthesis, Gene Targeting methods, Genetic Vectors, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Skin injuries, Skin pathology, Electroporation methods, Erythropoietin genetics, Gene Transfer Techniques adverse effects, Skin metabolism
Abstract

The skin is an important target for gene transfer because of its easy accessibility. Using plasmid DNA expressing rat erythropoietin (pCAGGS-Epo) as the vector, we previously demonstrated long-term Epo delivery in rats by muscle-targeted gene transfer using in vivo electroporation. Here we examined whether this electroporation approach could be applied to gene delivery in rat skin. To optimize gene transfer, we tested the efficiency of skin-targeted Epo gene transfer with three types of electrodes at three different electrode voltages. Each rat was injected intradermally with a total of 800 microg of pCAGGS-Epo, in the abdominal area. Plate-and-fork-type electrodes were effective for Epo delivery by skin-targeted gene transfer at low voltages (12 approximately 24 V). The vector-derived Epo mRNA was expressed only at the DNA injection site. The Epo gene was expressed in a dose-dependent manner, the expression persisted for 7 weeks, and hematocrit levels were increased for 11 weeks. Skin injection with pCAGGS-lacZ showed lacZ gene expression in the epidermis on day 1 after injection and in the subcutaneous muscle layer on day 7. Slight skin damage due to the gene transfer procedure was evident on day 1, but absent by day 7. These results demonstrate that skin-targeted pCAGGS-Epo transfer by in vivo electroporation at low voltage is a useful procedure for the short-term delivery of Epo.

Published
2001
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15. Carbon sink for a century.

Author

Chambers JQ, Higuchi N, Tribuzy ES, and Trumbore SE

Subjects
Atmosphere, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Models, Biological, South America, Time, Tropical Climate, Wood, Carbon metabolism, Trees
Published
2001
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16. Long-term production of erythropoietin after electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmid DNA into the muscles of normal and uremic rats.

Author

Maruyama H, Ataka K, Gejyo F, Higuchi N, Ito Y, Hirahara H, Imazeki I, Hirata M, Ichikawa F, Neichi T, Kikuchi H, Sugawa M, and Miyazaki J

Subjects
Animals, Erythropoietin genetics, Hypertension, Renal therapy, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Linear Models, Models, Animal, Rats, Uremia metabolism, DNA genetics, Electroporation methods, Erythrocytes metabolism, Erythropoietin biosynthesis, Genetic Therapy methods, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Uremia therapy
Abstract

The anemia associated with chronic renal failure is one of the best target diseases for erythropoietin (Epo) gene transfer. We previously reported a short-term (1 month) study of continuous rat Epo delivery by muscle-targeted gene transfer of plasmid DNA expressing rat Epo (pCAGGS-Epo) using in vivo electroporation in normal rats. Here, we performed a long-term pharmacokinetic study of continuous Epo delivery by this method in normal rats and uremic five-sixths nephrectomized rats. In normal rats, Epo gene expression and sufficient erythropoiesis occurred with Epo gene transfer in a dose-dependent manner, and persisted for at least 11 weeks. Repeated administration of the plasmid DNA effectively produced erythropoiesis. Similar erythropoiesis was observed in the uremic rats, and persisted for more than 15 weeks. Both normal and uremic rats showed a significant decrease in platelet count. Moreover, the uremic rats showed Epo-induced hypertension, which is the major side-effect of recombinant human Epo. These results demonstrate that muscle-targeted pCAGGS-Epo transfer by in vivo electroporation is a useful procedure for the long-term continuous delivery of Epo in both normal and uremic rats.

Published
2001
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