1. Optogenetic control of contractile function in skeletal muscle
- Author
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Tobias van Bremen, Thorsten Send, Philipp Sasse, Christoph C. Vogt, Tobias Bruegmann, and Bernd K. Fleischmann
- Subjects
Genetically modified mouse ,Light ,Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Channelrhodopsin ,Stimulation ,Mice, Transgenic ,Vocal Cords ,Optogenetics ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Membrane Potentials ,Mice ,Channelrhodopsins ,medicine ,Animals ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Multidisciplinary ,Skeletal muscle ,General Chemistry ,Anatomy ,Dependovirus ,medicine.disease ,Electric Stimulation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Laryngeal paralysis ,Laryngeal Muscle ,medicine.symptom ,Laryngeal Muscles ,Neuroscience ,Muscle contraction ,Muscle Contraction - Abstract
Optogenetic stimulation allows activation of cells with high spatial and temporal precision. Here we show direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle from transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Largest tetanic contractions are observed with 5-ms light pulses at 30 Hz, resulting in 84% of the maximal force induced by electrical stimulation. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by selectively stimulating with a light guide individual intralaryngeal muscles in explanted larynges from ChR2-transgenic mice, which enables selective opening and closing of the vocal cords. Furthermore, systemic injection of adeno-associated virus into wild-type mice provides sufficient ChR2 expression for optogenetic opening of the vocal cords. Thus, direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle generates large force and provides the distinct advantage of localized and cell-type-specific activation. This technology could be useful for therapeutic purposes, such as restoring the mobility of the vocal cords in patients suffering from laryngeal paralysis., Nerve damage can lead to skeletal muscle paralysis. The authors show that localized photostimulation of skeletal muscle expressing the light-sensitive channel Channelrhodopsin-2 generates contraction in the absence of neural impulses and prove that this strategy can be used for optogenetic opening of explanted murine vocal cords.
- Published
- 2015