1. Biodiversity of protists and nematodes in the wild nonhuman primate gut.
- Author
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Mann AE, Mazel F, Lemay MA, Morien E, Billy V, Kowalewski M, Di Fiore A, Link A, Goldberg TL, Tecot S, Baden AL, Gomez A, Sauther ML, Cuozzo FP, Rice GAO, Dominy NJ, Stumpf R, Lewis RJ, Swedell L, Amato K, and Wegener Parfrey L
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Wild microbiology, Animals, Wild parasitology, Blastocyst classification, Cercopithecidae microbiology, Cercopithecidae parasitology, Ciliophora classification, Ciliophora genetics, Ciliophora isolation & purification, Diet, Endolimax classification, Endolimax genetics, Endolimax isolation & purification, Entamoeba classification, Entamoeba genetics, Eukaryota classification, Eukaryota genetics, Eukaryota isolation & purification, Feces microbiology, Feces parasitology, Fungi classification, Fungi genetics, Fungi isolation & purification, Hominidae microbiology, Hominidae parasitology, Host Specificity, Lemur microbiology, Lemur parasitology, Nematoda classification, Nematoda genetics, Nematoda isolation & purification, Phylogeny, Platyrrhini microbiology, Platyrrhini parasitology, Biodiversity, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Metagenomics, Primates microbiology, Primates parasitology
- Abstract
Documenting the natural diversity of eukaryotic organisms in the nonhuman primate (NHP) gut is important for understanding the evolution of the mammalian gut microbiome, its role in digestion, health and disease, and the consequences of anthropogenic change on primate biology and conservation. Despite the ecological significance of gut-associated eukaryotes, little is known about the factors that influence their assembly and diversity in mammals. In this study, we used an 18S rRNA gene fragment metabarcoding approach to assess the eukaryotic assemblage of 62 individuals representing 16 NHP species. We find that cercopithecoids, and especially the cercopithecines, have substantially higher alpha diversity than other NHP groups. Gut-associated protists and nematodes are widespread among NHPs, consistent with their ancient association with NHP hosts. However, we do not find a consistent signal of phylosymbiosis or host-species specificity. Rather, gut eukaryotes are only weakly structured by primate phylogeny with minimal signal from diet, in contrast to previous reports of NHP gut bacteria. The results of this study indicate that gut-associated eukaryotes offer different information than gut-associated bacteria and add to our understanding of the structure of the gut microbiome.
- Published
- 2020
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