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Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are tissue-resident immune cells recognizing lipid antigens. Here the authors find that liver, but not lung nor spleen, iNKT cells alter their transcriptome upon systemic treatment of lipid nanoparticles for the induction of regulatory B cells and suppression of liver and pancreas autoimmunity in mouse models.

Recombinant MHC class II molecules are instrumental in antigen-specific T-cell identification assays and showed efficacy as experimental medicines. Here, the authors engineer MHC class II molecules with species-specific knob-into-hole heteromerization domains, enabling a translatable purification process with improved stability, yields, and biological potency.

Immune response against tissue-specific antigens is a hallmark of autoimmunity. Here the authors show that a single autoantigen-based nanomedicine can ameliorate pathology in a broad range of liver autoimmunity models without impairing host defenses, suggesting organ-wide tolerization.