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1. Re-evaluation of battery-grade lithium purity toward sustainable batteries

Author

Gogwon Choe, Hyungsub Kim, Jaesub Kwon, Woochul Jung, Kyu-Young Park, and Yong-Tae Kim

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Recently, the cost of lithium-ion batteries has risen as the price of lithium raw materials has soared and fluctuated. Notably, the highest cost of lithium production comes from the impurity elimination process to satisfy the battery-grade purity of over 99.5%. Consequently, re-evaluating the impact of purity becomes imperative for affordable lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we unveil that a 1% Mg impurity in the lithium precursor proves beneficial for both the lithium production process and the electrochemical performance of resulting cathodes. This is attributed to the increased nucleation seeds and unexpected site-selective doping effects. Moreover, when extended to an industrial scale, low-grade lithium is found to reduce production costs and CO2 emissions by up to 19.4% and 9.0%, respectively. This work offers valuable insights into the genuine sustainability of lithium-ion batteries.

Published
2024
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3. Tailoring sodium intercalation in graphite for high energy and power sodium ion batteries

Author

Zheng-Long Xu, Gabin Yoon, Kyu-Young Park, Hyeokjun Park, Orapa Tamwattana, Sung Joo Kim, Won Mo Seong, and Kisuk Kang

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Graphite is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries but suffers from the high co-intercalation potential. Here, the authors examine the factors influencing this potential and tailor the stability of graphite intercalation compound, realizing high energy and power densities.

Published
2019
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4. Tailoring sodium intercalation in graphite for high energy and power sodium ion batteries

Author

Zhenglong Xu, Gabin Yoon, Won Mo Seong, Kisuk Kang, Hyeokjun Park, Orapa Tamwattana, Kyu-Young Park, and Sung Joo Kim

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Materials science, Energy storage, Energy science and technology, Science, Intercalation (chemistry), General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Graphite intercalation compound, chemistry.chemical_compound, Graphite, lcsh:Science, Power density, Multidisciplinary, Sodium-ion battery, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Anode, Environmental sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Chemical engineering, chemistry, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Co-intercalation reactions make graphite as promising anodes for sodium ion batteries, however, the high redox potentials significantly lower the energy density. Herein, we investigate the factors that influence the co-intercalation potential of graphite and find that the tuning of the voltage as large as 0.38 V is achievable by adjusting the relative stability of ternary graphite intercalation compounds and the solvent activity in electrolytes. The feasibility of graphite anode in sodium ion batteries is confirmed in conjunction with Na1.5VPO4.8F0.7 cathodes by using the optimal electrolyte. The sodium ion battery delivers an improved voltage of 3.1 V, a high power density of 3863 W kg−1both electrodes, negligible temperature dependency of energy/power densities and an extremely low capacity fading rate of 0.007% per cycle over 1000 cycles, which are among the best thus far reported for sodium ion full cells, making it a competitive choice in large-scale energy storage systems., Graphite is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries but suffers from the high co-intercalation potential. Here, the authors examine the factors influencing this potential and tailor the stability of graphite intercalation compound, realizing high energy and power densities.

Published
2019

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