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1. Brain activity in the right-frontal pole and lateral occipital cortex predicts successful post-operatory outcome after surgery for anterior glenoumeral instability

Author

Davide Zanchi, Gregory Cunningham, Alexandre Lädermann, Mehmet Ozturk, Pierre Hoffmeyer, and Sven Haller

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Shoulder apprehension is more complex than a pure mechanical problem of the shoulder, creating a scar at the brain level that prevents the performance of specific movements. Surgery corrects for shoulder instability at the physical level, but a re-dislocation within the first year is rather common. Predicting which patient will be likely to have re-dislocation is therefore crucial. We hypothesized that the assessment of neural activity at baseline and follow-up is the key factor to predict the post-operatory outcome. 13 patients with shoulder apprehension (30.03 ± 7.64 years) underwent clinical and fMRI examination before and one year after surgery for shoulder dislocation contrasting apprehension cue videos and control videos. Data analyses included task-related general linear model (GLM) and correlations imaging results with clinical scores. Clinical examination showed decreased pain and increased shoulder functions for post-op vs. pre-op. Coherently, GLM results show decreased activation of the left pre-motor cortex for post-surgery vs. pre-surgery. Right-frontal pole and right-occipital cortex activity predicts good recovery of shoulder function measured by STT. Our findings demonstrate that beside physical changes, changes at the brain level also occur one year after surgery. In particular, decreased activity in pre-motor and orbito-frontal cortex is key factor for a successful post-operatory outcome.

Published
2017
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2. Differential effects of L-tryptophan and L-leucine administration on brain resting state functional networks and plasma hormone levels

Author

Jürgen Drewe, Davide Zanchi, Bettina K. Wölnerhanssen, Claudia Suenderhauf, Stefan Borgwardt, Carel W. le Roux, Christoph Beglinger, Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach, Katharina Janach, Sven Haller, and ONO Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cingulate cortex, Blood Glucose, Male, FOOD-INTAKE, medicine.medical_treatment, Somatosensory system, Placebos, Plasma, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin, AMINO-ACIDS, SUBJECT DIFFUSION DATA, Default mode network, Multidisciplinary, GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1, Chemistry, Tryptophan, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Healthy Volunteers, Multidisciplinary Sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endokrinologi och diabetes, VOXELWISE ANALYSIS, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology and Diabetes, HEALTHY-MEN, Article, CONNECTIVITY MRI, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Leucine, AD-LIBITUM, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Sensory cortex, Science & Technology, Resting state fMRI, INTRADUODENAL INFUSION, Water, SPATIAL STATISTICS, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Glucose, Radiologi och bildbehandling, Nerve Net, Insula, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Hormone
Abstract

Depending on their protein content, single meals can rapidly influence the uptake of amino acids into the brain and thereby modify brain functions. The current study investigates the effects of two different amino acids on the human gut-brain system, using a multimodal approach, integrating physiological and neuroimaging data. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, L-tryptophan, L-leucine, glucose and water were administered directly into the gut of 20 healthy subjects. Functional MRI (fMRI) in a resting state paradigm (RS), combined with the assessment of insulin and glucose blood concentration, was performed before and after treatment. Independent component analysis with dual regression technique was applied to RS-fMRI data. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons. In comparison to glucose and water, L-tryptophan consistently modifies the connectivity of the cingulate cortex in the default mode network, of the insula in the saliency network and of the sensory cortex in the somatosensory network. L-leucine has lesser effects on these functional networks. L-tryptophan and L-leucine also modified plasma insulin concentration. Finally, significant correlations were found between brain modifications after L-tryptophan administration and insulin plasma levels. This study shows that acute L-tryptophan and L-leucine intake directly influence the brain networks underpinning the food-reward system and appetite regulation. ispartof: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS vol:6 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2016

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