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A widespread Canthium species of upland northern Thailand, Laos, and China, known erroneously as C. parvifolium (described from India) or C. horridum (described from Java) is formally described as a new species Canthium obscurum. A photograph of fruiting twigs and line drawings of the flower are added. Canthium parvifolium is lectotypified by a herbarium specimen in P.

Alangium Lam. sect. Conostigma Bloemb. is largely confined to the Malesian area and contains 19 species. By using the characters as found in the original species-descriptions, and with emphasizing the nature of the indument of the leaf bud, the confusingly variable Alangium javanicum s.l.-complex could be dismantled for a great part. Four new species: A. ledermannii, A. pallens, A. plumbeum, and A. subcordatum, and two new varieties: A. meyeri var. macilentum and A. ebenaceum var. insignis are recognised. Two taxa are raised to specific status: A. nobile subsp. denudatum to A. denudatum and A. javanicum var. minahassicum to A. minahassicum. A key to the species is presented, and the concerned taxa are enumerated, referenced, described and some are figured.

Alangium sect. Rhytidandra is confined to SE Asia, the Pacific and East Australia, and contains 13 species. Five species, viz. Alangium brassii, A. glabrum, A. gracile, A. guadalcanalense, and A. velutinum are described as new, whereas A. villosum subsp. solomonense is raised to specific rank: A. solomonense. Subspecies tomentosum formerly in A. villosum is transferred to another species and has become A. polyosmoides subsp. tomentosum. Finally Iodes ferruginea, described in Icacinaceae appeared to belong in Alangiaceae, and as the name ferruginea was occupied in Alangium it is changed into A. strigosum, nom. nov. A key to the species is presented, and the concerned taxa are enumerated, referenced, described, and two are figured.

Formal description of some new taxa from Indochina include in Lythraceae a new species of Lagerstroemia, L. poilanei W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes with two varieties, var. poilanei andvar. grandis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, two new species of Rotala, R. saxatilis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes and R. protracta W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes and a new variety of Rotala indica, Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne var. minima W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes. In Stemonaceae a new species, Stemona hirtella W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, is described.

An enumeration of the 11 indigenous species of Lagerstroemia accepted for the Malesian area is presented with additionally three cultivated species. It includes descriptions of 6 species, notes, synonyms, and keys for flowering and fruiting specimens. All names are typified. Studied herbarium collections, mainly in L, are briefly mentioned.

Enumeration and taxonomic treatment of the seven species of Ammannia (Lythraceae) occurring in the Malesian area are presented among which one new species A. herbacea. A key to the species is given. Two species are illustrated. Ammannia debilis is a distinct species endemic to S India.

A revision of the monotypic genus Zanonia L. is presented. The only and widely distributed species Z. indica comprises two subspecies, the typical one, and the newly described subsp. orientalis W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes. Subspecies orientalis also contains a distinct variety, var. paludosa W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes.

The genus Gynostemma is represented in Thailand and Malesia by four species of which the extremely variable G. pentaphyllum is widespread covering the whole area. Seven forms are recognized in G. pentaphyllum, of which three are new: forma fasciculare W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, forma grandiflorum W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, forma knemandrum W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, and three are new combinations: forma dasycarpum (C.Y. Wu) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, forma pubescens (Gagnep.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, and forma simplicifolium (Blume) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes. Two new species, both endemic to New Guinea, are described: G. intermedium W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes and G. papuanum W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes.

Of the seven genera which constitute the subtribe Thladianthinae five occur in our area. Full descriptions are given of the genera and species not treated previously by us. Two new species have been described: Sinobaijiania smitinandii W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes and Thladiantha angustisepala W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes.

Gymnopetalum Arn. is distributed from India to the Moluccas. There are 4 species, including 1 new species, G. orientale W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, from E Malesia. In G. integrifolium (Roxb.) Kurtz 2 new varieties, besides the type-variety, are accepted: G. integrifolium var. penicaudii (Gagnep.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes (in China) and G. integrifolium var. pectinatum W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes (in E Java). A key to the species is presented. The Malesian taxa are fully described.

The genus Zehneria Endl. is split into 5 genera, of which 4 are new: Indomelothria, Neoachmandra, Scopella, and Urceodiscus. Apart from several new combinations and taxa of subspecific rank, the following species are described as new: I. chlorocarpa, N. backeri, N. lancifolia, N. macrantha, N. nesophila, N. platysperma, U. arfakensis, U. carrii, U. hippocrepicus, U. parviflora, U. scabridula, U. viridis, Z. elbertii, Z. erythrobacca, Z. immarginata, Z. neocaledonica, Z. pedicellata, Z. pisifera, Z. tahitensis, and Z. trullifolia. The New World genus Melothria was introduced in Asia where it is represented by one species, M. pendula L.

A new monotypic genus from Cambodia is described. The genus is defined by a unique combination of characters and has distinct pollen features. The only species is Khmeriosicyos harmandii W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes.

The genus Solena Lour. is redefined, and its 3 species and 1 subspecies are keyed out and described: S. amplexicaulis occurs in S India, S. heterophylla, with 2 subspecies is widespread, but does not occur in S India, and S. umbellata (Klein ex Willd.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, comb. nov., occurs in S India and Sri Lanka. The status of S. heterophylla subsp. napaulensis (Ser.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, comb. & stat. nov. needs further study as this subspecies is very similar to the more widespread subsp. heterophylla, but it is distinct by sigmoid thecae. Solena amplexicaulis is taxonomically more distinct from the other two species of Solena. In southern India Kedrostis foetidissima much resembles Solena in general habit, especially by the more or less amplexicaul leaves, and therefore it is discussed and keyed out against Solena.

The genus Baijiania, originally thought to be indigenous in China and Borneo, appears to be restricted to Borneo. The only species is Baijiania borneensis, with two varieties, the type variety and var. paludicola Duyfjes, var. nov.

Neoalsomitra contains 11 species, one of which, N. clavigera, is widespread, covering the whole range of the genus from NE India and S China into Australia and the Pacific. The genus is heterogeneous in having species with free stamens and species with the filaments connate; however, this cannot be used for subdivision. Neoalsomitra hederifolia and N. schefferiana are podagric succulents, i.e. with thickened stem-bases. Neoalsomitra pilosa W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes (New Guinea) is newly described; new combinations are N. hederifolia (Decne.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes and N. schefferiana subsp. podagrica (Steenis) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes.

A new monotypic genus from New Guinea is described. Its pollen matches that of the Cucurbitoieae–Melothrieae, except for its small size.

Eight new combinations are made for African Cucurbitaceae, two in the genus Neoachmandra, six in Pilogyne.