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The activity and content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are important indicators of pathological processes, because its content in plasma increases at acute myocardium infarction, tumor, diabetes mellitus, etc. The present work is dedicated to the development and optimization of the methods of PAI-1 activity definition, which can be used in clinical practice. We have proposed the modification of the method COATEST PAI with the usage of chromogenic substrate S2251. According to our modification, the cyanogen bromide fragments of human fibrinogen have been changed into bovine desAB-fibrin. We have also developed the method with the usage of fibrin films. In this method fibrin is used as a stimulator of activation reaction and as a substrate at the same time. Using fibrin, the native substrate of plasmin, we provide high specificity of the reaction and exclude the cross-reaction with other plasma enzymes.

Interaction of tissue plasminogen activator with alpha-2-antiplasmin and its influence on tissue activator binding to fibrin was studied. Alpha-2-Antiplasmin decreases the binding of tissue activator to fibrin by 20%. The inhibitor formed a complex with tissue plasminogen activator (Kd 78.2 nM) and had no effect on amidolytic activity of the activator. The tissue activator binding to alpha-2-antiplasmin decreases by 20-35% in the presence of 6-aminohexanoic acid. It indicates that not only kringle 2 of the tissue activator molecule takes part in complex formation with alpha-2-antiplasmin, but also other activator domains. Two models were proposed to explain the alpha-2-antiplasmin effect on the Glu-plasminogen activation by tissue activator on fibrin. In the first place, the inhibitor binds to fibrin in the site where the activator complex is localized. It can create steric hindrances for the proenzyme interaction with its activator on fibrin. In the second place, alpha-2-antiplasmin in a complex with tissue plasminogen activator can bring to a change in the activator conformation and a decrease of its functional activity.

The alpha-2-antiplasmin influence on the Glu-plasminogen activation by tissue activator both on fibrin and fibrin(ogen) fragments was investigated. The kinetics of activation was studied and velocity of this process in the absence and presence of the inhibitor was calculated. It was established that alpha-2-antiplasmin decreased the velocity of Glu-plasminogen activation on desAABBfibrin, DDE-complex and DD-dimer and did no influence upon proenzyme activation on fibrinogen fragment--Ho1-DSK. In the presence of fibrin plasminogen activation linear related to the amount added tissue activator in limit concentration from 5 before 50 units/ml. It was shown that alpha-2-antiplasmin reduced the activation velocity with used concentration of tissue activator. Fibrin hydrolysis by plasmin, forming on its surface during the plasminogen activation by tissue activator, was also inhibited with alpha-2-antiplasmin. The obtained results are explained by the influence of the inhibitor on formation of the triple complex between plasminogen, tissue activator and fibrin, and competition of the alpha-2-antiplasmin for lysine-binding sites of tissue activator kringle 2 or for binding sites of the activator on fibrin.

The function of lysine-binding sites in kringle domains K1-4 and K5 of plasminogen (Pg) during its activation by streptokinase (SK) was studied. Activation rates of Glu- and Lys-Pg exceed activation rate of mini- and micro-Pg 26 and 40 times, respectively. 6-Animohexanoic acid (6-AHA) in concentrations from 10(-5) to 10(-2) M inhibits activation of Glu-, Lys- and mini-Pg and does not impact the activation of micro-Pg. Complete inhibition of Lys-Pg activation occurs with presence of 10(-3) M 6-AHA while 90% inhibition of mini-Pg activation and 70% inhibition of Glu-Pg activation occur with 10(-2) M 6-AHA. Isolated kringles K1-3 and K4 of Pg inhibit activation of Glu-Pg by SK and concentrations [I]50 are 4.0 and 8.1 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Catalytic activity of Glu-Pg-SK, Lys-Pg-SK and Pm-SK complexes with respect to S 2251 is not inhibited by 6-AHA in concentrations from 10(-5) to 10(-2) M. Activation of substrate Pg by Pm-SK complex is also inhibited by 6-AHA in concentrations from 10(-5) to 10(-2) M; however, this effect of inhibition is significantly weaker than that with activation by SK. Cleavage of C-terminal Lys or chemical modification of NH2-groups of amino acid residues in SK molecule also results in the decrease of the Glu-Pg activation rate. Lysin-binding sites in K1-4 and K5 of Pg molecule are important at different steps of Pg activation process which includes formation of equimolar complex; structural reorganizations resulted in formation of active center in Pg; and binding of substrate Pg with Pg-SK complex. Lysin-binding sites in K1-4 of Pg are necessary for maintenance of high rate of Pg activation by SK.

Antiplasminogen monoclonal antibody IV-1c (IV-1c) binds to Val 709-Gly 718 site of plasminogen (Pg) protease domain, which is far removed from the active site. Pg-IV-1c complex formation induces catalytic activity in proenzymes active site. Influence of IV-1c binding to plasmin (Pm) on Pm catalytic properties has not been investigated yet. Data on catalytic properties of Pm in equimolar Pm-IV-1c complex are presented. It was found that Pm and mini-Pm amidolytic and caseinolytic activity was twice as high as in Pm-IV-1c and mini-Pm-IV-1c complexes. 20 mM 6-AHA and 100 mM arginine did not influence this rise. The increase of amidolytic activity is connected with reduction of K(m) of S 2251 hydrolysis reaction for Pm and mini-Pm from 0.125 and 0.43 to 0.05 and 0.23 mM, correspondingly. Kcat remains almost the same. Fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity of Pm in Pm-IV-1c complex decreased to 20% of initial value alpha 2-Antiplasmin inhibited Pm activity in complex Pm-IV-1c by 80%. Pm-IV-1c complex did not activate free Pg, but activated equimolar Pg-IV-1c complex. Affinity of IV-1c to Pm and Pg was the same as C50 approximately 1.5 nM. Binding of Pm with IV-1c in a complex: a) leads to increase of Pm active site affinity to LMW substrates; b) causes steric hindrances for fibrin/fibrinogen access to Pm active site; c) proceeds with the same affinity for Pm and Pg, that indicates to invariable Val 709-Gly 718 site conformation after Pg transition in Pm.

Streptokinase (SK) interacts with human plasminogen (Pg) or plasmin (Pm) with formation of Pg-SK or Pm-SK complex. Pm-SK complex manifests a fibrinolytic, amidolytic and Pg activator activity. SK in complex with Pm isn't stable and so capable to be hydrolysed rapidly. We investigated a correlation between molecular form of SK and catalytic properties of equimolar Pm-SK complex during preincubation at 20 degrees C. It was found out that amidolytic activity of Pm-SK complex was not changing for 5 hours and decreased to the initial Pm value after 24 hours. During this time alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP) has any effect on amidolytic activity of the complex. Fibrinolytic activity of Pm-SK complex makes up 20% of the initial Pm value and wasn't changing within the investigated period. Pg activator activity was decreasing rapidly to 30-40% of the initial one within few minutes from the moment of Pm-SK complex formation. It was 10-20% of that initial after 24 hours. The decrease in Pg activator activity of Pm-SK complex correlated with the initial very rapid conversion of 47 kDa SK to 36 kDa SK within few minutes and following more slow conversion of SK in 31, 25 and 15 kDa fragments after 5 hours. alpha 2-AP didn't influence on the Pg activator activity of Pm-SK complex but eliminated its fibrinolytic activity completely. It was supposed that alpha 2-AP inhibited fibrinolytic activity of Pm-SK complex similarly to 6-aminohexanoic acid by preventing Pm-SK complex binding to fibrin polymer.

Conditions for affine sorbents creation by means of linear photocopolymer photochemical synthesis, its thermochemical granulation-crosslinking, and grafting by L-lysine hydrochloride as an sorbent affinant (ligand) were investigated. Linear photocopolymer properties depending on concentration ratio of photopolymerisation components, chemical nature of reaction media (solvent), and UV irradiation time were studied. Dioxane is shown to be the optimal solvent. Dependence of molecular mass on UV irradiation time (energy) is extremal with maximum at 5 hours and Mm = 243,300. Biospecific properties of several created affine sorbents were investigated.

Antiplasminogen monoclonal antibody IV-1c (IV-1c) with antigenic determinant in V709-G718 site of plasminogen (Pg) protease domain (Druzhina N.N. et al. 1996.) can induce catalytic activity in Pg moiety of the complex. Catalytic activity appeared in Pg-IV-1c complex after approximately 2 h lag-period. Rate of Lys-Pg activation was higher then that of Glu-Pg. Amidolytic activity of Pg-SK equimolar complex was completely inhibited by IV-1c at 2:1 = Pg:IV-1c molar ratio. At constant Glu-Pg concentration increasing of the IV-1c concentration to equimolar of Pg accelerated Pg activation. Subsequent increase of IV-1c concentration inhibited the Pg activation sharply. Increasing of Glu-Pg concentration at constant IV-1c one did not inhibit Glu-Pg activation in Pg-IV-1c complex. The rate dependence of Pg activation from Glu-Pg-IV-1c complex concentration curve had bell-shaped form with maximum at 500 nM. Electrophoretic analysis of components of Glu-Pg-IV-1c complex showed that Lys-Pg and Lys-Pm were not observed at 100 nM complex concentration for 6 h period of reaction. At 680 nM concentration Glu-Pg-IV-1c complex these forms appeared in initial moments of reaction activation after lag-period. Kinetic scheme and peculiarities of Pg activation reaction in Pg-IV-1c complex are discussed.

The plasminogen binding with streptokinase decapeptides, modeling the primary structure of molecule, and chymotryptic fragments of streptokinase have been investigated. The immunoenzymatic assay has shown that plasminogen binds to all streptokinase fragments with the decreasing affinity in the set of fragments: 36 > 30 > 17 > 7 > 11 kDa. Location of the binding sites in streptokinase primary structure was performed using the immobilized decapeptides on plastic pins adopted to IEA. In the presence of 10 mM 6-aminohexanoic acid 11 sites for human Glu- and mini-plasminogens, pig and bovine plasminogens binding have been found. They were of the same location for human, bovine and pig plasminogens. 3 sites were located in plasminogen alpha-domain--T43-A72, N113-T126, Q133-V158, 5 sites in beta-domain--T163-L188, A203-S222, Q239-I264, Y275-L294, T315-L340, and 3 sites in gamma-domain--T361-R362, N377-E392, T397-N410. Participation of linear part of streptokinase polypeptide chain in plasminogen--streptokinase complex formation is suggested.

Localization of the human plasminogen binding site on the streptokinase of complementary Val709-Glu724 plasminogen being crucial one in providing for the plasminogen streptokinase complex activity has been investigated. Experiments were performed with streptokinase fragments and synthetic decapeptides, antiplasminogen monoclonal anti-body IV-1c and synthetic peptide corresponding to Val709-Gly718 sequence of human plasminogen. It was found that plasminogen sequence Val709-Glu724 interacted with Thr361-Arg372 sequence of strepto-kinase.