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The development of Russian science in the last decade is characterized by very contradictory trends. Their understanding deserves special attention in the justification of the measures of state science and technology policies and their implementation. It is sufficient to say that despite the significant increase in domestic expenditure on research and development, the volume of which in terms of fixed prices for the period 1995-2005 increased by 83.3%, while the employment in this sector decreased by 23.4%. and the effectiveness of scientific activity is also steadily decreasing, that is expressed by a wide range of indicators of publication and patent activity, the creation and commercialization of technologies, etc. This article presents an analysis of bibliometric indicators allowing to assess progress and quality of activities, primarily in the basic sciences, by study size, structure and dynamics of the created scientific knowledge. Note: Downloadable document is in Russian.