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Growth and development of cereals is affected by abiotic factors, particularly by high temperature. An important factor in plant adaptation to abiotic stress can be the proline accumulation. Proline is an amino acid involved in a series of metabolic processes and is important as a protein stabilizer, osmolyte and antioxidant. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of high temperature on the proline content and yield elements in different cereal varieties during two vegetative seasons. For the investigation, plant material of 8 genetically divergent winter wheat varieties, 1 variety of triticale and 1 oat variety were used. Samples were collected in days with moderate midday air temperatures of 24-26°C in the milk stage and after a few days in the same phenological stage, in conditions of high midday air temperatures of 34-36°C. Proline accumulation was determined spectrophotometrically. Statistical analyses of data were done in the SPSS program. The results during the first experimental year showed that under moderate air temperature conditions proline content was 0.661 μmol g-1 fresh plant, and in the second experimental year 0.777 μmol g-1 fresh plant. Under conditions of heat stress during the first year, the content of proline increased to 2.169 μmol g-1 fresh plant, and in the second experimental year the average content was 2.510 μmol g-1 fresh plant, which confirms the increase of proline accumulations under heat stress. Compared with other cereal varieties, wheat varieties Zvezdana, Pobeda, Simonida and Avenu were characterized by higher contents of proline in conditions of heat stress in both vegetative seasons. Statistical analysis and correlation of the results of proline accumulation and yield elements showed that more resistant varieties to heat stress conditions have higher yields.

U radu je izucavano variranje sadržaja azota u zrnu sorti i hibrida psenice. U izucavanjima su obuhvacene 4 geneticki divergentne sorte psenice (Jugoslavija, Osijecanka, Žitnica, i NS Rana 2) i F2 hibridi dobijeni u dialelnom ukrstanju (bez reciprocnih). Izucavano je nasleđivanje sadržaja azota u zrnu kod F2 hibrida i ustanovljno je da su se ispoljili razliciti tipovi nasleđivanja sadržaja azota: parcijalna dominacija, intermedijarno nasleđivanje i superdominacija. Najvecu vrednost sadržaja azota kod sorti imala je Novosadska rana 2 (3, 52%) a najmanju Osijecanka (2, 95%). Kod hibrida F2 generacije najveci saržaj aota je nadjen u kombinaciji Žitnica/NS Rana 2 (3, 80%), Jugoslavija/Osijecanka (3, 40%) koji predstavljaju najperspektivnije genotipove u daljem programu oplemenjivanja za ovo svojstvo.

Polymeric wheat endosperm proteins, especially the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), are probably the most interesting protein fraction giving the essential information about bread-making quality of wheat flour. A relatively new method that shows a great potential for a fast, reliable and automatable analysis of protein purity, sizing and quantification is microfluidic or Lab-on-a-Chip (LoaC) capillary electrophoresis. This work was aimed to explore the possibilities of implementation of LoaC method to analysis of protein samples isolated from a Serbian common wheat variety, emphasizing the steps that might bring uncertainties and affect reproducibility of obtained glutenin subunits quantitation results. A good resolution of protein bands in a molecular weight range of 14.0 to 220.0 kDa was achieved. The reproducibility of HMW-GS sizing and quantitation were good, with the average coefficient of variation values of 1.2% and 12.2%. The ratio of HMW-GS to low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) was about 20%. The investigation ruled out influences of the extract solution addition and the buffer addition steps of the applied method, as well as the individual chip influence on GS quantitation results. However, there was statistically significant difference between HMW-GS quantitation results of multi-step and one-step extraction procedures applied prior to glutenin subunits extraction step.

Djukic N., D. Knezevic, D. Horvat, D. Zivancev and A. Torbica (2011): Similarity of cultivars of wheat (Triticum durum) on the basis of composition of gliadin alleles. - Genetika, Vol 43, No. 3, 527- 536. Twenty one durum wheat cultivars originating from different world countries were investigated. Composition of gliadins was analyzed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Allele composition of gliadins was determined on the basis of identified gliadin blocks. Polymorphisms of Gli-loci was established and 27 different gliadin alleles were identified, namely, 5 at Gli-A1, 4 at Gli-B1, 9 at Gli-A2 and 9 alleles at Gli-B2 locus. The catalogue of determined alleles was presented. Frequency of alleles ranged from 4.76% to 42.86%. Heterozygous Gli- loci were identified at two durum cultivars. Similarity among cultivars was studied on composition of Gli-alleles and presented by UPGMA dendogram. On the base of Gli-allele composition, similarity varied from 0% to 100%.