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Drug abuse is an enduring and chronic lifestyle disorder and relapse rate to drug abuse is high, and its negative impact on individuals, families and society is severe. Family functioning has a significant impact on the beginning and maintenance of substance use. Psychological capital is an effective protective factor against substance abuse. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between family functioning and relapse among drug addict in Pakistan as well as the focused on mediating effect of psychological capital. Three scales translated into Urdu language including Advanced Warnings of Relapse Questionnaire (Sahar & Naqvi, 2020), Family Assessment Device (Epstein et al., 1983), and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al., 2007) along with informed consent and demographic sheet were administered on 150 male drug addicts of age 18 years above admitted for treatment in different Rehabilitation Centers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Results of current study demonstrated negative correlation between family functioning and warning of relapse. It was also concluded that psychological capital and relapse have negative relation with each other. Findings also revealed that psychological capital and family functioning have positive relation with each other. Outcomes showed mediating role of psychological capital between family functioning and relapse. Another outcome indicates that young drug addicts are more prone to relapse as compared to individuals of middle and late adult age. It was also depicted that individuals living in joint family system have more psychological capital than those living in nuclear system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship of social isolation and illness perception with posttraumatic growth and psychological distress among coronavirus affected individuals along with the moderating role of social support. Cross-sectional research design was employed for the present study. The sample consisted of 300 individuals affected by COVID-19 and later recovered. For data collection, the major areas of Chakwal were selected. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10; Kessler, 2002) Illness Perception Scale (Moss-Morris, 2002), Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (Cohen & Hoberman, 1983), Social Connectedness Scale-Revised (Lee & Robbins, 1995), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) were used to measure the study variables. The findings of the present study indicated that social isolation has a significant positive correlation with posttraumatic growth; however, it has nonsignificant correlation with psychological distress. Moreover, illness perception has a significant positive correlation with psychological distress whereas a nonsignificant correlation with posttraumatic growth. Similarly, illness perception positively predicted psychological distress while negatively predicted posttraumatic growth. Where social isolation positively predicted posttraumatic growth, social support did not significantly moderate between the study variables. The finding of the study shed light on the positive aspect of COVID-19 as observing social isolation during the disease positively predicts posttraumatic growth among the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to measure the relationship between basic human values, right-wing authoritarianism and psychological wellbeing among university students. The Portrait Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, 2003), Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale (Altemeyer, 2006) and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) were used to collect data. Sample comprised of 250 students including (men = 55, women = 195) from different universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The findings indicated that positive relationship existed between two orthogonal (openness to change vs. conservation & selftranscendence vs. self-enhancement) of basic values and psychological well-being and negative relationship was found between right-wing authoritarianism and two orthogonal dimensions (openness to change vs conservation & selftranscendence vs self-enhancement) of values. It was also observed that positive relationship exists between right-wing authoritarianism and psychological well-being. Nonsignificant gender differences were found on given study variables. The results of the given study can provide help in the educational sector for devising programs that can help inculcating certain values in the students in result enhancing their psychological wellbeing and general view of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to examine the relationship between school engagement and well-being through a sequential mediating role of growth mindset and resilience among adolescents. A sample of 350 adolescent students (male = 150) (females = 200) age ranged between 13-17 years participated from three main schools in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Results indicated that present study variables including growth mindset, resilience, school engagement, and well-being were found to have positive associations with each other. Moreover, the sequential mediation path analysis showed that resilience and growth mindset acted as significant mediators between school engagement and well-being among adolescents. Furthermore, gender differences were also calculated indicating that female students showed greater school engagement, higher levels of growth mindset, and psychological well-being in comparison to male students. Findings of the present study emphasized understanding the key positive role school environment could have in enhancing resilience and growth mindset among students resulting in their greater well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to develop and validate an indigenous scale to measure risk factors associated with extremism and violence tendencies among young people from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The scale was constructed through successive three phases; where in phase I, 55 items were generated whilst reviewing relevant books, journals, and blog posts published on print and social media. In phase II items were tested for their face validity and comprehension and understanding by potential participants and 50 items were finalized for main study. Phase III of the study was carried out on the sample of 240 students from educational institutions in KPK. A Principal Component Analysis was performed using varimax rotation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was found and Bartlett's test of sphericity was also significant indicating appropriate values to carry out subsequent factor analysis. Resultantly, final scale comprised of 26 items with four domains identified, including uncertainty in life, lack of social support, violent aggression, and religious intolerance. Additionally newly developed Extremism and Violence Risk Identification Scale was validated with constructs of self-esteem and depression to establish discriminant and convergent validity, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of present study is to test the associations between perceived jealousy, subjective happiness, and self-esteem. Moreover, it also aimed to test the role of self-esteem as a moderator between jealousy and subjective happiness. Our sample comprised of 200 university students using purposive convenient sampling technique including 100 male and 100 female students. For data collection we used Perceived Jealousy Scale (Iqbal, Fazaldad, & Hassan, 2019), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999). Findings indicate a significant negative relationship between perceived jealousy and subjective happiness (r=-.32, p <.001), and a positive relationship between subjective happiness and self-esteem. Furthermore, self-esteem acts as a moderator between perceived jealousy and subjective happiness. This study is beneficial in finding ways to enhance the self-esteem of students so that they can deal with negative emotions of jealousy and can experience positive emotions of happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research aimed at the development and validation of an indigenous scale for evaluation of effectiveness of University teaching. The research has been carried out in two studies. First study dealt with the development of University Teacher's Evaluation Scale (UTES). The items of the scale were empirically determined for content validation, and factor analysis on university students (N = 300) including male (n = 150) and female students (n = 150). The results indicated that UTES as an internally consistent single factor scale. Study II of the present research was conducted on independent sample of university students (N = 30) to establish the psychometric properties of UTES. The convergent validity was established with the help of Peshawar University Teacher's Rating Scale (PUTRS; Riaz, 2000) and both scales showed UTES as valid and reliable instrument for measuring teaching effectiveness. There exist nonsignificant difference between gender of students in evaluation of male teacher and female teachers respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]