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Hunger may be lessened, and the future may be saved by the preservation of the children, but another danger is forgotten. That is the need of the intellectual workers in Germany and Austria--scientists, scholars, and artists. Conditions brought about by the war are crippling and crushing them more and more. One cannot reckon what the future has lost because of the premature death of countless future discoverers, inventors, scientists, and artists on the battlefields of Europe. But one can see how the work of the surviving scientists and artists in the conquered countries is every day impeded.

Germany is a nation once proud and self-satisfied beyond belief, now beaten, humbled, and humiliated like none other in modern history, struggling in the face of terrific odds to maintain itself against foreign oppression, against domestic strife and dissension, against an economic situation without any precedent in history from which to deduce guidance and wisdom. Economic Germany is steadily and rapidly going down hill toward Austrian conditions just as Austria is steadily approximating Russian conditions. Her apparent prosperity is not only of a tenuous character, it is at best a burning-up of resources and of capital assets.

The Austrian people have seen one way out-federation with their blood-brothers of Germany, who might share with Austria their coal, and link their industry with hers in such fashion as to give both life. But this the peace treaty forbids Austria to do, unless with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations, and France, still obsessed with the fear of a mighty Germany, stands adamant against such consent. There is no time to waste, for bankruptcy is contagious, and half of Europe is on the verge of the illness. Polish and Hungarian moneys are worth even less than the Austrian krone, and the Jugoslav, like the German mark, is 95 per cent below par.

The article presents information on politics from different parts of the world. Washington D.C. dispatches have been for some time reporting that the administration is considering what to do to prevent the "dumping" of cheap foreign goods on shores after the war is over. Political leader Count Tisza focused on Austria and Germany having been wickedly attacked, about their war being purely defensive, and about peace-coming as soon, as the Allies realized their defeat and gave the Central Powers guarantees of "security" for the future.

Germany is laying off Austria. No one expected this result of the February coup d'etat. People thought on the contrary that the bloody destruction of the working-class movement would inevitably make it easy for the Nazis to come in. It was pointed out that thousands upon thousands of Social Democrats would go Nazi and that the Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss and Adolf Hitler were beginning to negotiate. The Socialists thought that the Nazis would join them in the streets. But not a Nazi stirred.

Ambitious nations like France are moving cautiously to gain new political advantages and new political strength. Other nations like Germany and Austria are moving just as carefully to defend themselves against the maneuvering of their neighbors. Germany has countered the latest move of France by offering Austria preferential treatment in the matter of tariffs in return for similar special privileges for its own exports to Austria. Observers in Vienna have read into the German offer and a close resemblance to the ill-fated Austro-German customs union proposal of a year ago.

Austria has been making a nuisance of herself to the great powers on and off for more than two years. The new Austrian nationalism which is growing up under the wing of Heimwehrism and which is as intolerant of foreign comment as is the nationalism of any big Power, bitterly resents the attention paid to Austrian affairs in the foreign press. It complains that many worse things happen in Germany and elsewhere than in Austria but attract less notice. The chief reason why Austria is not allowed the privilege of having her revolution behind closed doors and shuttered windows lies in the threat to European peace inherent in any disturbance of her slender hold, financially, economically, politically, and militarily-on life.

This article presents information related to politics. It is not yet clear how much importance is to be attached to the reports of pending political overturns in Germany and Austria-Hungary. The resignation now reported of Count von Hertling, the Imperial German Chancellor, is not unexpected. His retirement now may pave the way for the formation of a coalition ministry with at least one Socialist member, a change which was reported, to be impending a week or two ago. Progress in the formation of joint industrial councils, as recommended by the Whitley report of March 1917, was reported by the British Minister of Labor U.H. Roberts, speaking before a meeting of the National Union of Journalists on August 24, 1918.

Presents several letters to the editor. Conduct of law in Germany; Moral aspects of Italy's declaration of war against Austria.

Austria is today the object of a great deal of criticism in the French press. She is accused of open or at least ill-concealed Pan-Germanism because on the occasion of a song festival there has been, among other things, some talk of union with Germany. It is obvious to all that the entire hubbub about the Austrian situation is directed more against Germany than Austria. The intention behind the propaganda is clear: It is to set the public mind in France against Germany's demand that the Rhineland be vacated by raising the alarming cry of Pan-Germanism. Austria has neither a military junkerdom nor an upper middle-class of great industrial power such as is to be found in Germany. The nobility, which moreover has been abolished, was for the most part of foreign origin, and the rest of the population has also a considerable proportion of non-Germans, mostly in the military and official service, the groups which are at present the mainstay of German Nationalism.

This article presents information regarding the book "Die Begrundung des Deutschen Reiches durch Wilhelm I," by Heinrich von Sybel. Otto von Bismarck's attitude on the Luxemburg question, his declaration that Prussia would neither lend active aid in securing the duchy for France nor give official consent in advance to the transfer-was far from satisfactory to Napoleon and his ministers. The responses received from the principal courts were encouraging, although Austria warned France that the project would excite the national feeling of Germany and tend to bring the North and South into greater harmony.

The new Central Republics, more heavily burdened by debt than their neighbors, their currencies even more hopelessly inflated, present this problem in an aggravated form. The intellectual class in all these countries is sorely pressed; in Germany and Austria it is in danger of extinction. The universities and scientific institutes find it impossible to stretch their incomes to cover expenses. The Meteorological Institute in Vienna has an income which at the present time is about sufficient to subscribe to one English scientific journal, while the Physiological Institute in the same city enjoys a yearly income of ten thousand kronen less than the price of a single microscope.

The article presents information on German-Austrian bill for the establishment of Works' Councils. The bill states that the Works' Councils of workers and employees will be established in all concerns in which at least ten workers or employees are permanently employed, especially in all industrial concerns, mines, railways, building operations, financial institutions, insurance offices of all kinds, in cooperation associations, concerns run as a monopoly, lawyers' offices, infirmaries, etc., hotels and inns, schools, theatres, concert halls, cinemas, and printing establishments. The Works' Councils are called upon to further and secure the economic, social, and cultural interest of the workers and employees, and they are to exercise their functions without interrupting the business of the establishment concerned.

The article presents information on the book "Insanity Fair," by Douglas Reed. The book combines very nicely the personal experiences of the author with the great trend of world policies. One will not agree with Reed on every detail; for example, he underestimates the dreadful plight of the European Jews because some Jews were able to do business as usual in Germany even after 1933 and because he met some successful Jewish emigrants abroad. But nevertheless he has a real knowledge of Germany and the Nazis and of all the perplexing problems of modern Europe. Perhaps the most important passages of this book are not the long chapters on Germany, Austria, and the Nazis but the shorter and more casual remarks on England.

This article presents information on some mass demonstrations that occurred in 1927. In Berlin, Germany, men wearing gray tunics with red arm-bands, women bareheaded, were holding banners and placards which read "The Capitalists Are Preparing a New War Against Soviet Russia," "Join the Red Front for the War Against War." In Vienna, Austria, there was a visible spasmodic shudder passing through a people who have suffered too long from misery and pin-pricking of injustice. People were protesting against the death of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, two Italians accused of murder.

The article discusses the economic conditions of Germany and Austria. The general outlook in these two Middle European countries is better than it appears from the outside. There is, of course, no prosperity yet in any field, either economic or social and masses are struggling under heavy burdens. Nevertheless, during the last few years Germany has succeeded in laying foundations of a more stable economic life. Its most important basis, the stabilization of the mark, has proved firm and to be depended upon. The reorganization of industry at large is on the way and has, to a certain extent, been accomplished in Germany as well as Austria.

This article focuses on the book "The Diplomatic Reminiscences of Lord Augustus Loftus, P.C., G.C.B." These reminiscences will extend over nearly fifty years of diplomatic service, the most important scenes of which were Vienna and Berlin. Those who look for diplomatic revelations or spicy anecdote will suffer the same disappointment here on a small scale which they suffered on a large scale in the Memoirs of Talleyrand. The style of the writer throughout is painfully like that of a protocol, and, when he speaks of the doings of royalty, it is in language as devotional as that of the column of Court News in the Morning Post.

The article focuses on the issue of war responsibility. In September 1912, the first Balkan War broke out. Germany's restraining influence upon Austria during the acute diplomatic crises which accompanied this war and the one, which followed it, was generally recognized in Europe. Austria was not drawn in, but during the second Balkan War, when Russia found it necessary to prevent a collision between Serbia and Bulgaria over the spoils of the first war, the inducement offered to persuade Serbia to modify its demands was the prospect of a new war, after which it was to be compensated with Austrian territory.

This article presents news briefs related to the political developments in various parts of the world. The most notable feature of the struggle in the Somme region is the promptness with which the British, after checking heavy German counter-attacks, have resumed the offensive. In reply to renewed requests from the State Department for a settlement of the ancient Petrolite case, the Austro-Hungarian Government on July 21 asked, through Ambassador for further information on the matter. The nomination of Abram I. Elicits to be Ambassador to Turkey was sent to the Senate last week.

The article presents the information on international relations relating to U.S., Great Britain, Germany, Austria and Mexico. Germany's denial of any responsibility for the torpedoing of the Persia is to be followed by a similar disclaimer by Austria, according to dispatches from Vienna of January 22 which stated that the Austrian Government had informed their Ambassador to that effect. There was a report from London by way of Berlin and Amsterdam on Sunday that the Turkish Ministry of Marine was about to publish a statement assuming responsibility for the sinking of the Persia.

The article presents information about various political developments all round the world. The situation between Italy and Austria appears to be more critical than at any time since war began. No official information as to the status of negotiations is available, but it is reported that the Italian Government has dispatched something in the nature of an ultimatum to Austria-Hungary, and rumor at the beginning of the week was persistent in asserting that a definite limit of time had been set for the receipt of a reply. It was officially announced on Monday that the German Government had expressed to the Government of the Netherlands its sincere regret for the destruction of the Dutch steamer Katwyk, which was sunk off North Hinder Lightship on April 14 by a German submarine.

The article focuses on Italian newspapers which have so far contented themselves with registering the facts in regard to the new Pontificate, with only a few ventures into the realm of prophecy. One of the first symptoms to be noted, as indicating an important departure from the policy of the late Pope, was a marked change in the tone of the official Vatican newspaper, the "Osservatore Romano." The Catholic newspapers in Italy, which are not, like the "Osservettore Romano," directly dependent upon the Vatican, were anything but impartial in their attitude towards the warring nations, exhibiting a decided prejudice in favor of Austria and Germany.