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Antibody deficiency may have genetic basis or be secondary to other diseases or iatrogenic factors. Recurrent respiratory, gastrointestinal and skin infections consist on the most frequent clinical picture. Severe course of these infections, recurrences and difficulties in treatment may suggest immunodeficiency. Antibody deficiency may be associated with numerous complications. Intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin substitution is the way of treating these patients. Prevention of infection in primary and secondary antibody deficiency also includes vaccinations, prophylaxis with antibiotics and education of patients, parents and caregivers.

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are group of more than 200 different genetic disorders. Reccurrent, severe infections are major clinical manifestation of these disorders. Ethiology and course of infections in PIDs are different, depending on type of immunodeficiency. We present short characteristics of infections in PIDs, as well as difficulties in diagnostics and treatment of infectious complications.

Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare defect of phagocytosis. Increased susceptibility to infections is limited to catalase positive bacteria and fungi. Aspergillus spp was reported as the increased clinical problem and the main cause of the deaths.

Combined vaccines are urgently needed because of the increasing number of recommended vaccines for children. Combined vaccines could be considered as having the same priming effect as monovalent vaccines. They demonstrated a good reactogenicity and tolerability profile. Combined vaccines are more comfortable option for the infant vaccination providing immunity against four or more important childhood diseases with a single injection at each visit.

Routine, recommended and required immunization are important for traveller's children. All required immunization. The most frequent vaccine vaccine preventable infection travellers to developing counties in hepatitis A. Influenza is estimated to be 1%. Routine immunization against poliomyelitis is important for travel to north Africa and parts of Asia. It should be considered that many immunizations are recommended for special risk groups only. If health professionals do not comply with rule, serious problems my arise as a traveller my be refused entry to the country.

The human body has an elaborate system of local and systemic, immune (cellular, humoral) and nonimmune (skin, mucous membranes) defense mechanisms to protect itself against microbal invaders. Disorders of this intricate system of host defense may generally be classified as primary or secondary. Unusual pathogens infect immunocompromised hosts. Ubiquitous organisms can become opportunistic pathogens. Reactivation of latent organisms is common in this group of patients. Despite their unusual features, infections in the primary immunodeficiency do not occur in a haphazard fashion but rather are predictable depending on the type of immune defects.