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Dental patient-reported outcomes (dPROs) are self-reported descriptions of a patient's oral health status that are not modified or interpreted by a healthcare professional. Dental patient-reported outcome measures (dPROMs) are objective or subjective measurements used to assess dPROs. In oral healthcare settings, the emphasis on assessing treatment outcomes from the patient's perspective has increased and this is particularly important after traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), as this group of injuries represent the fifth most prevalent disease or condition worldwide. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current use of dPROs and dPROMs in the field of dental traumatology. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, pain, swelling, aesthetics, function, adverse effects, patient satisfaction, number of clinical visits and trauma-related dental anxiety are the key dPROs following TDIs. Clinicians and researchers should consider the well-being of patients as their top priority and conduct routine evaluations of dPROs using measures that are appropriate, accurate and reflect what is important to the patient. After a TDI, dPROs can assist clinicians and patients to choose the best management option(s) for each individual patient and potentially improve the methodology, design and relevance of clinical studies., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Dental infraposition and dental infraocclusion, hereinafter referred to as infraposition and infraocclusion respectively, are terms that are often used interchangeably. This can be noted in the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries, where infraocclusion is listed as an injury-specific outcome following avulsion of permanent teeth. Infraposition and infraocclusion are terms that have been used in the dental literature to describe teeth that interfere with the normal eruption and development of the permanent dentition. While teeth described in this manner share certain clinical characteristics that give rise to these terms being used interchangeably within the dental traumatology field, this may not necessarily be correct and may be confusing. The aim of this short communication is to start a discussion in the dental trauma community regarding the need for a more adequate term, particularly in relation to replanted teeth., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Over the past eight years, there have been marked changes in the recommendations for the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The recently published International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines for the emergency management of TDIs provide a comprehensive manual for clinicians to refer when assessing and managing patients presenting with these types of injuries. Clinicians should be prepared to utilize these new guidelines which were released in 2020. The aim of this short communication is to support those with previous knowledge regarding the IADT guidelines, to identify the changes in treatment modality, and to provide backing for those exposed to trauma guidelines for the first time. In the present communication, the areas of TDIs have been separated into primary and permanent teeth plus avulsions, with a tabular format highlighting the main changes in the emergency management from the previous version in 2012. This format has been devised to aid the clinicians' understanding of the variations over time and facilitate recall of the new guidelines. For the first time, the 2020 IADT Guidelines present a Core Outcomes Set (COS) that includes outcomes that were relevant to all TDIs and outcomes related to only one or several TDIs. However, the COS is not the object of the present publication., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background/aim: There is a scarcity of data regarding paediatric traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in tertiary teaching hospitals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the TDI presenting to the Women's and Children's Hospital in Adelaide (Australia) on an emergency basis and to identify the characteristics of the presenting patient cohort, their accident, injuries and management., Methods: Medical health records of 337 paediatric patients attending the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) for the management of TDI over 18 months were prospectively reviewed., Results: TDI were more frequent in children under 5 years of age (56.1%) with a predominance of injuries sustained by males (63.8%). The accident characteristics included weekend occurrence (35.6%), the most common aetiology was falls (64.4%) and many incidents occurred at home (48.5%). Overall, 654 teeth were injured with the majority affecting deciduous teeth (58.4%) and the maxillary central incisors (69.9%). The most frequent injury was lateral luxation (27.5%). The majority of patients were referred to the Paediatric Dentistry Department (60.8%). However, almost half of presenting patients did not require further management locally and were subsequently discharged to their dental practitioners (39.2%). Most patients receiving treatment were managed under general anaesthetic (36.9%), and there was often a delay of 3-12 hours before treatment commenced (49.1%). Similarly, more severe injuries in the permanent dentition (avulsion, extrusion, root fracture, intrusion, alveolar fracture) were more frequently managed between 3 and 12 hours following the accident., Conclusion: The patient, accident, injury and management characteristics are comparable to what has previously been reported in other studies in paediatric populations. Injuries affecting the permanent dentition are more likely to be managed within 3 and 12 hours in an outpatient setting, whereas injuries affecting the deciduous dentition had a delay in management between 12 and 24 hours under general anaesthetic., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background/aims: Traumatic dental injuries are one of the most prevalent diseases globally, impacting people of different ages and socio-economic statuses. As disease prevention is preferable to management, understanding when an individual's overjet is prone to dental trauma helps identify at-risk patients, so to institute preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to identify the different overjet sizes that present an increased risk for developing dental trauma across different ages and dentition stages., Methods: The title and protocol were registered and published a priori with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and PROSPERO (CRD42017060907) and followed the JBI methodology of systematic reviews of association (etiology). A three-step search strategy was performed, including electronic searches of gray literature and four databases. Studies of healthy human participants of any age and in any dental dentition stage were considered for inclusion. Only high methodological quality studies with low risk of bias were included. Where possible, meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model, supplemented with the fixed-effects model in situations where statistical heterogeneity was ≤50%, assessed using the I 2 statistic., Results: The study identified 3718 articles, 41 were included. An increased overjet was significantly associated with higher odds of developing trauma in all dentition stages and age groups. Children 0-6 years with an overjet ≥3mm have an odds of 3.37 (95%CI, 1.36-8.38, P = 0.009) for trauma. Children in the mixed and secondary dentition with an overjet >5mm have an odds of 2.43 (95%CI, 1.34-4.42, P = 0.004). Twelve-year-old children with an overjet >5mm have an odds of 1.81 (95%CI, 1.44-2.27, P < 0.0001)., Conclusions: The results confirm the association between increased overjet and dental trauma. A child in the primary dentition could be considered as having an overjet at risk for trauma when it is ≥3mm. In the early secondary dentition, the threshold for trauma is an overjet ≥5mm., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background/aim: Dental trauma is a public health issue with a high prevalence in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of dentists in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, of the management of traumatic dental injuries, using the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) Guidelines as a reference., Materials and Methods: An electronic questionnaire investigating personal and professional characteristics and 12 questions about dento-alveolar trauma, was sent to all registered dentists of the Regional Council of Dentistry of Rio Grande do Sul (n=14 753). The respondents were grouped according to the sociodemographic and professional profiles and the data were evaluated by the Student-T test or one-way ANOVA, with Tukey's post-hoc, with α = 5%., Results: A total of 1414 dentists responded to the survey (9.59% response rate). The overall mean self-reported knowledge of dental trauma was 5.87 ± 1.57, of a maximum possible score of 12. Some factors associated with a higher knowledge of the IADT guidelines were: female gender, previous clinical experience, years from qualification, self-reported knowledge, and academic postgraduate degree. Dentists who are specialized in endodontics (6.58 ± 1.63) and pediatric dentistry (6.05 ± 1.44) achieved higher levels of knowledge on dental trauma. Analysis of the characteristics (gender, location, and proportion of specialists) of the respondents confirmed that they were representative of the target population., Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge of dentists from Rio Grande do Sul of the IADT guidelines is moderate. These results highlight the need for continuing education on dento-alveolar trauma in this population., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background/aim: The concept of regenerative endodontic procedures remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histology of the tissues formed in immature animal teeth with necrotic and infected pulps after attempted endodontic regeneration procedures using different scaffolds., Design: A systematic electronic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, DOSS, and Cochrane Library databases. The terms used were a combination of the following: "immature permanent necrotic tooth or teeth" or "open apex or apices" and "regeneration or revitalization or revascularization" and "histology." The inclusion criteria comprised animal studies with histological examination following regenerative endodontics in immature necrotic-infected permanent teeth., Results: From 123 screened studies, 13 met the inclusion criteria. Formation of dentin-like tissue on the dentinal walls was reported in only 4% of teeth treated with blood clot scaffold and 2% treated with blood clot with additional materials. Cementum-like hard tissue was found in 64% of teeth with blood clot, 80% treated with blood clot with additional materials, 50% treated with alternative scaffolds, and 5% that were left empty. Bone-like tissue was reported in 10% of teeth treated with blood clot, 2% treated with blood clot with additional materials, and 4% treated with alternative scaffolds. The tissues in the canal space were found to be connective tissue with infiltration of fibroblast-like cells and blood vessels. Forty-six percent of the studies reported formation of periodontal ligament-like tissues., Conclusions: None of the regeneration protocols resulted in the predictable formation of a true pulp-dentin complex., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: Tetracycline resistance is commonly found in endodontic bacteria. One of the most common tetracycline-resistance genes is tet(M), which is often encoded on the broad-host-range conjugative transposon Tn916. This study aimed to determine whether tet(M) was present in bacteria isolated from endodontic patients at the Eastman Dental Institute and whether this gene was carried on the transferable conjugative transposon Tn916., Methods: The cultivable microflora isolated from 15 endodontic patients was screened for resistance to tetracycline. Polymerase chain reactions for tet(M) and for unique regions of Tn916 were carried out on the DNA of all tetracycline-resistant bacteria. Filter-mating experiments were used to see if transfer of any Tn916-like elements could occur., Results: Eight out of 15 tetracycline-resistant bacteria isolated were shown to possess tet(M). Furthermore, four of these eight were shown to possess the Tn916-unique regions linked to the tet(M) gene. Transfer experiments demonstrated that a Neisseria sp. donor could transfer an extremely unstable Tn916-like element to Enterococcus faecalis., Conclusions: The tet(M) gene is present in the majority of tetracycline-resistant bacteria isolated in this study and the conjugative transposon Tn916 has been shown to be responsible for the support and transfer of this gene in some of the bacteria isolated.