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Objective To evaluate the causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis by two-way Mendelian randomization. Methods The instrumental variables for tea drinking were determined from 447 485 participants in the UK Biobank genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with tea drinking were used for two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis data were obtained from GWAS data of 35 712 cholelithiasis patients and 273 442 controls publicly available from the Finnegan Alliance. In this study, inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main method to estimate causality, and sensitivity analysis was carried out to ensure the robustness of the results. Finally, reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was used to verify whether there was a reverse correlation. Results There was a causal re-lationship between tea drinking and cholelithiasis. In the IVW method, each additional standard deviation (2.85 cups/day) of tea consumption reduced the risk of cholelithiasis by 26.1% (OR =0.739, 95% CI: 0.536-0.990). Similar results were obtained in weighted mode (OR=0.652, 95% CI: 0.458-0.928), but there was no evidence to prove reverse correlation (IVW: P > 0.05). Conclusion The genetic evidence provided by two-way Mendelian randomized analysis shows that the increase of tea drinking reduces the risk of cholelithiasis, but there is no evidence of reverse association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the relationship between the proportion of omega-6/omega-3 and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), so as to provide reference for reducing the risk of death in patients with CVD. Methods The data of were collected from the UK perspective cohort (UK Biobank) database. The exposure variable was the proportion of plasma omega6/omega-3, and the outcomes were all- cause deaths, CVD deaths, ischemic heart disease (IHD) deaths, and stroke deaths. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the relationship between omega-6/ omega-3 ratio and death risk of CVD patients. Risk ratio hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Gender, age, and other risk factors were stratified and their interaction with omega-6/omega-3 ratio was analyzed. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to describe the dose-response relationship. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the robustness of the model. Results A total of 35 096 participants were enrolled. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that all-cause deaths, CVD deaths, and ischemic heart disease deaths risk increased in CVD patients with the in¬crease of the proportion of omega-6/omega-3. For each unit increase in omega-6/omega-3 ratio, the risk of all-cause, CVD, and IHD deaths increased by 2.1% (HR=1.021, 95%CI: 1.016-0.025), 1.9% (HR=1.019, 95%CI: 1.010-1.028), and 2.3% (HR =1.023, 95% CI: 1.013-1.034), respectively. The proportion of omega-6/omega-3 was grouped according to quartile method and included in the model as a classified variable. Compared with Q1, the HR of all-cause, CVD, and IHD deaths of Q4 was 1.394 (95% CI: 1.267-1.534), 1.292 (95%CI: 1.085-1.540), and 1.528 (95% CI: 1.200-1.945), respectively, and no correlation was found between Q4 and stroke death risk (HR=0.987, 95%CI: 0.660-1.477). The results of RCS showed that the proportion of omega-6/omega3 was positively correlated with the risk of death. Conclusion The proportion of omega-6/ omega-3 is a risk factor for death in patients with CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]