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Focuses on the views of several experts about the developments in intraocular lens (IOL) and IOL biocompatibility. Factors that contribute to IOL biocompatibility; Biocompatibility characteristics of IOL and contributory roles of IOL material and design; Classification of IOL materials; Methods in assessing IOL biocompatibility.

Focuses on the treatment for keratoconus. Graft survival rates for penetrating keratoplasty procedure patients; Clinical results of intracorneal ring insertion for keratoconus; Statistics on penetrating keratoplasties and lamellar keratoplasties performed in the United States in 1999.

Discusses the importance of measuring pseudophakic accommodation, pseudoaccommodation in cataract surgery. Consideration of the mechanism involved in aging effects and anatomic variability; Assessment of the ciliary muscle contraction with vitreal pressure; Identification of images of objects at varying distances.

Focuses on the advancements in corneal refractive surgery in the U.S. Incorporation of quality monograms; Enhancement corneal tissue sparing; Use of wavefront ablation system.

Reveals that refractive lensectomy with implantations of intraocular lens can provide high satisfaction to patients with high hyperopia and presbyopic hyperopia. Multifocal lens approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of aphakia following cataract surgery; Pupillary diameter to obtain best near vision; Patients that are at increased risk for intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Discusses how the materials and designs of intraocular lenses (IOL) can optimize functional visual quality after lensectomy. Effect of spherical aberration on vision; Cause of the increase in spherical aberration in aging eyes; Contribution of IOL to total wavefront error in patients who have undergone lensectomy.

Offers observations on the improvements in wavefront analyzers and wavefront-guided laser ablation. Impact of the improvements on surgeons and patients; Limitations of laser ablation.

Deals with the safety features needed in the ideal phakic intraocular lenses (IOL). Impact of progress in injector technology on phakic IOL insertion; Stability in the positioning of phakic IOL; Characteristics of materials needed for implantation of the phakic IOL.

Emphasizes the importance of information on the shape and contour of the cornea in improving customized ablation of the cornea. Use of Tscherning aberroscopy and Hartmann-Shack lenslet array sensing in customized ablations; Ray-tracing aberroscopy; Background of the concept of customized corneal ablation.

Discusses the safety of using phakic and aphakic intraocular lens (IOL) insertion devices in treating ametropia. Development of foldable AC and iris-fixated phakic IOLs; Advantages of the Implantable Contact Lens (ICL); Biocompatibility of the Collamer material.

Advises ophthalmologists to be cautious in the use of the word reversibility when referring to implantation of refractive devices that are removable and exchangeable. What reversibility suggests; Labeling of the intracorneal ring; Potential reversibility of refractive effects of Intacs.

Focuses on techniques for optimizing refractive and visual results of LASIK. Process in marking cornea; Details on retreatments of the eye surgery.

Focuses on the prevention of flap-related complications from the refractive surgical technique called LASIK. Importance of the proper selection of flap diameter, flap thickness and hinge size; Benefits of variable stop rings; Benefits of automated microkeratomes.

Reports that many surgeons in Latin America are finding it necessary to restrict LASIK, a laser surgical procedure, to myopic patients under about 15 D. Need to compromise optical zone size and optical quality or posterior corneal thickness and corneal stability when performing LASIK in very high myopia; Risk of ectasia after LASIK enhancements in patients with high myopia.

Cites the proceedings of the Winter Refractive Surgery Meeting of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS). Surgeons' preference for lasers with scanning spot system or scanning slit; Scanning spot systems' potential for ablation of irregular corneal patterns when linked to topography; Challenge of treating decentrations.

Discusses controversies regarding procedures for the treatment of low myopia. Comparison of additive peripheral corneal techniques; Reason why the development of the intracorneal ring technology has been intriguing to many surgeons; Important factor in surgeon and patient selection of a refractive procedure; Surgical technique for continuous wave (CW) laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK).

Stresses the importance of accurate IOL power calculation when using piggyback IOLs to achieve full correction of severe hyperopia. Required IOL powers for patients with severe hyperopia; Importance of anterior segment measurements for precise IOL power calculations; Avoidance of decentration of one IOL in relation to the other.

Focuses on the issues concerning refractive eye surgery discussed at the fourth International Congress of the Keratomileuusis Study Group in Venice, Italy. Pros and cons of manual and automatic microkeratome systems; Difficulties with functioning and maintenance of available automated systems; Mechanical problems; Complication rates; Toxic residues.

Presents laser surgery techniques highlighted at the Argentine Society of Ophthalmology's annual meeting held in Buenos Aires. Emphasis on the importance of a good preoperative evaluation; Complications of laser surgery techniques; Controversy on the safety and efficacy of performing laser surgery for spherical and astigmatic errors for penetrating keratoplasty.

Discusses the status of ophthalmologists in Argentina, according to the 1997 Argentine Societies of Ophthalmology annual meeting. Laser technology used by the ophthalmologists in the area; Advances in refractive techniques; Differences in the practice of medicine in Argentina and in the United States.

Reports on a symposium on refractive surgery in Kathmandu, Nepal sponsored by the International Society of Refractive Surgery and `Ophthalmology Times' periodical. Topics discussed; Lineup of speakers; Session topics.

Reports that corneal laser refractive surgery has been discussed at the main symposium at the 100th anniversary meeting of the Belgian Ophthalmological Society in Brussels, Belgium. Patient and family history; Replacement of radial keratotomy and cryolathe in keratomileusis.

Highlights a number of researches on photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) submitted at the 1997 International Meeting on Cataract. Scanning laser systems; Limits for LASIK; Bilateral complications.

Focuses on the increased interest in refractive surgery in New Zealand. Coverage by private insurance companies; Comparison with surgery using Nidek excimer laser; Reduction of overcorrection.

Discusses the status of clinical trials of the Keravision intracorneal rings (ICR) for myopia in several European centers. Advantages and disadvantages of removing ICR; Need to monitor modification of visual function; Expectations from laser thermal keratoplasty.

Looks at why the prophylactic addition of antibiotics to irrigating solutions for cataract surgery may prove to be useless. Studies on this issue; Quick turnover of aqueous humor as a reason for this conclusion; Potential risks of toxicity and drug-resistant infections.

Presents an article about laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), submitted to the French Society of Ophthalmology meeting in May 1996. Elements of the LASIK technique; Comparison of LASIK with PRK.

Reports on highlights of the meeting of the French Society of Ophthalmology in May 1996. Topics discussed; Includes radial keratotomy; Status of photorefractive keratectomy; Search for corneal refractive techniques for high myopia.

Focuses on the increase in availability of approved monofocal, multifocal and accommodating designs of phakic and pseudophakic intraocular lenses (IOL) in Europe. Need for measurement of the efficacy of psuedophakic accommodative IOLs by accurate methods; Recommendation of multifocal IOLs to selected cataract and refractive lensectomy patients; Discussion on the factors considered for the implantation of phakic IOL.

Presents an excerpt from the author's report during the symposium, titled 'Unsolved Problems in Cataract Surgery,' at the XX Congress of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons in Nice, France.

Explores the trend in ambulatory surgery in U.S. medical care. Improvement of global health care through increased access to quality surgery; Lack of adequate resources and financial incentives; Measure of medical outcomes.

Comments on the application of wavefront technology in refractive surgery. Issues on the integration of the technology with laser systems and intraocular lenses discussed at the 5th Sursee Eye-Surgery Meeting; Challenges faced by ophthalmologists in improving refractive surgical goals; Occurrence of decentrations in most laser systems.

Discusses the use of intraocular pressure (IOL) abberations and phacoemulsification to improve the functional vision of patients with pseudophakia. Developments in cataract surgery techniques and technology; Analysis of IOL with a Hartmann-Shock sensor; Calculation of modulation transfer function values.

Focuses on the instability in long-term effects of laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) for hyperopia. Information on Till Anschuetz, pioneer of the theoretical models of multifocal excimer laser ablations; Theoretical advantages of LTK; Effectiveness of LTK for hyperopia.

Discusses intraocular lens (IOL)-related glare and other visual phenomena and recent developments in IOL as of October 2001. Use of ray-tracing analyses to explain dysphotopsias caused by the design features of the IOL optic surface and edge; Overview of the different optical aberrations induced by compressed IOL; Necessity of designing IOL to maintain maximal mechanical stability of the optic.

Discusses the importance of wavefront data and corneal information on the application of excimer laser customized corneal ablation. Requirement for topographically-guided laser ablation; Use of wavefront technology in ophthalmology.

Focuses on the role of clinician-scientists in facilitating rapid use in ophthalmology of the discoveries in the basic and applied sciences in other fields. Importance of the collaboration between basic scientists and refractive surgeons.

Reports that the United Nations has acknowledged the global impact of laser vision correction. Areas of outstanding advances in biomedical technologies highlighted by the United Nations; Causes of blindness; Application of ophthalmic lasers.

Relates the meeting of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons regarding the status of phakic IOL technology as a treatment for high ametropia. Concerns regarding the long-term effect of available corneal refractive techniques; What doctors should consider in choosing the optimal type of IOL for each patient; Benefits that will be gained from using the phakic IOL.

Focuses on the capabilities and potential of laser ablation in treating eye diseases. Visual function enhancement; Diagnostic instrumentation; Importance of accurate alignment.

Highlights the 2nd European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeon's (ESCRS) winter refractive surgery meeting in the United States on April 1998. Developments in the treatment of eye diseases which were presented during the event; Advantages and disadvantages of lifting the flap versus recutting during laser-in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) re-treatments; Other issues discussed in the event.

Presents a medical case which illustrates the importance of appropriate selection of intraocular lenses (IOL) and the risks associated with cataract surgery in diabetic patients. Referral of a 65-year-old woman for phacoemulsification; Explanting of the silicone IOL; Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOL; Inflammatory response; Visualization of the posterior pole.

Discusses the improvements in LASIK technique and instrumentation, frequently performed refractive procedure in South Africa. Factors that increased the clinical acceptance of LASIK; Consideration for surgeons to create a safe and adequate flap; How to prevent complications in the procedure..

Highlights the discussion of LASIK eye surgery complications during flap formation at the Fourth International KMSG Metting in Venice, Italy. Featured speaker; Refractive surgery; Need for ophthalmic surgeons to modify LASIK nomograms for individual laser, setting and technique.

Highlights the common complications of penetrating keratoplasty (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) as the focus of the 1997 Congress of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons in Prague, Czech Republic. Aggravating factors to the night-vision problems of post PRK and LASIK patients; Influence of degree of preoperative myopia to the results among PRK patients.

Focuses on the topics discussed at the International Course of Refractive Surgery in Belgium, particularly surgical techniques and instrumentation. Results of intracorneal ring (ICR) insertion for myopia correction reviewed; Role of arc thickness and cone angle computer models in the accuracy of ICR insertion; Efficiency of scanning laser ophthalmoscope in analyzing ocular complaints.

Reports that removal of the epithelium can improve photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Laser modifications combined with increased ablation and transition zones and changes; Use of the Amoils brush facilitating epithelial removal; Problem of regression limiting the clinical applicability of laser thermal keratoplasty.

Looks at refractive surgery in Europe as presented during the 1996 International Symposium on Refractive Surgery held in Singapore. Wide range of regulations on refractive surgery in the continent; European Union's decision to implement one standard; Abandonment of automated lamellar keratoplasty.

Looks at refractive surgery in Asia as presented during the 1996 International Symposium on Refractive Surgery held in Singapore. Indication of increased refractive surgeries in the continent; Factors behind the increase; Excimer photorefractice keratectomy as the treatment of choice.