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This article identifies aspects of the three frameworks that are in line with the sensibilities and emphases of participatory design and aspects that are not, and to suggest opportunities for promoting strategies within these paradigms that are more effectively participatory. Participatory design encompasses a variety of strategies to give the people who will use a particular technology or technological system a direct role in decision making about its development. The principal objective of participatory design is empowerment of lay people to participate deeply, and with some measure of authority, in the evolution of technological systems. The other two participatory design emphases, the importance of the local and the importance of organizational context, are best understood as serving this central objective, providing insights into what participatory design proponents believe it means for laypeople to be empowered, and how they believe this empowerment can be brought about. It seems there are significant opportunities for integrating participatory design emphases and participatory design-style lay engagement into industrial ecology, strong precaution and community-based social marketing.

Argues that there is a need for another kind of logic in educational reform. Giving of norm-referenced intelligence test as and ability grouping as a kind of education by elimination; Ill effects of these practices; Logic behind the educational system for most of the 20th century; Logic for the system being suggested; Sequence for building the said system.

"Undone science" refers to areas of research that are left unfunded, incomplete, or generally ignored but that social movements or civil society organizations often identify as worthy of more research. This study mobilizes four recent studies to further elaborate the concept of undone science as it relates to the political construction of research agendas. Using these cases, we develop the argument that undone science is part of a broader politics of knowledge, wherein multiple and competing groups struggle over the construction and implementation of alternative research agendas. Overall, the study demonstrates the analytic potential of the concept of undone science to deepen understanding of the systematic nonproduction of knowledge in the institutional matrix of state, industry, and social movements that is characteristic of recent calls for a "new political sociology of science."