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A major aim of the present study was to investigate effects of sensitivity-to-framing (Witkin’s EFT test) on rational and intuitive thinking. A booklet of relevant tests was distributed to university students who served as participants. It was found that field independent participants scored higher on rational thinking tasks than field-dependent participants did. Sensitivity-to-framing was also found to be a better predictor of rational thinking than was analytical intelligence. The results are discussed and related to the more general issue how cognitive style may impact upon rational and intuitive thinking.

Frente a las exposiciones permanentes, que suelen simbolizar las joyas de la corona de los museos de artes visuales, constituyendo un vínculo entre el visitante y las colecciones que se exhiben, estas instituciones culturales asisten ante las exposiciones de carácter temporal o itinerantes, a la oportunidad de profundizar sobre temáticas novedosas que suponen un auténtico reclamo para el público que visita el museo. En este artículo se aborda el potencial educativo museístico en la formación universitaria, tomando como referente el contexto del Museo de las Murallas Reales de Ceuta, que alberga en su interior actualmente la exposición temporal Bertuchi. Un pintor en la memoria. Para ello, se ha programado una intervención docente en colaboración con la Facultad de Educación de Ceuta (Universidad de Granada). El diseño de estrategias didácticas para educar la mirada ha posibilitado canalizar el pensamiento visual en un proceso de descubrimiento estético dentro del espacio museístico., In front of the permanent exhibitions, which usually symbolize the crown jewels of the visual arts museums, constituting a link between the visitor and the collections that are exhibited, these cultural institutions assist with temporary or itinerant exhibitions, to the opportunity to deepen on novel themes that represent a real attraction for the public that visits the museum. This article addresses the educational potential of museums in university education, taking as a reference the context of the Museum of the Royal Walls of Ceuta, which currently houses the temporary exhibition Bertuchi. A painter in memory. For this, a teaching intervention has been programmed in collaboration with the Faculty of Education of Ceuta (University of Granada). The design of didactic strategies to educate the gaze has made it possible to channel visual thought into a process of aesthetic discovery within the museum space.

Focused on the analysis of the Treaty De potestate regia et papali by John of Paris, this study is an attempt to seize the political vision of this French Dominican, who lived from the second half of the 13th century to the beginning of the 14th century, within the theological context shaped by the controversy between Philip IV of France and Boniface VIII. The method adopted in this article supposes, on one hand, the investigation of the political thought of John of Paris, taking as a starting point the relations between the Papacy and the royal power; and, on the other hand, the definition of the role attributed by the former to the popular masses and to the notion of political consent. Whether it is the consent regarding taxation, the popular support accorded to the royal power, or the opinion of the College of Cardinals concerning the deposition of a Pope, we notice that, according to the French Dominican, the actions that trigger the public good must be approved by the community. Since the focal point of our study is the treatise De potestate regia et papali, we have chosen to invoke oftentimes the biblical references used by John of Paris, in order to observe the hermeneutical differences present in the writings of Giles of Rome and Henry of Cremona, authors who, even though they interpret the same texts, would eventually reach the contrary conclusions.

Together with Marsilius of Padua, William of Ockham has been of ten times considered as a thinker whose radicalism, present in its works on Logics, did not exempt his political writings. The perspective that we have adopted in this study does not ignore a wider interpretation of his political thinking, in the context of the dispute related to the Franciscan poverty. Nevertheless, as we have shown so far, the Franciscan poverty issue cannot be understood without a brief introduction in the relationship between the canonists and the theologians of the XIIIth and the XIVth centuries. The method that we have pursued starts with the presentation of the theological and canonical arguments on the issue of poverty, up to a study focused on some of Ockham’s texts such as An princeps, the Compendium errorum papae Io annis XXII , the Breviloquium de principatu tyrannico and the Octo quaestiones de potestate papae . Our approach takes into consideration the fact that Ockham’s perspective on the issue of consent must be placed in the context of the pursuit of ecclesiological truth. As we have asserted at the beginning of our investigation, one does not find in Ockham a precise source for the ecclesiological truth. In his perspective, the decretals or even the Councils of the Church, whose decisions are the expressions of general consent, do not represent a guarantee for theological truth. The notion of consent, fundamental for Ockham’s political thinking, echoes deeply into the ecclesiological sphere, for example, with reference to the issue of the wows of the Franciscans and specifically, to the poverty controversy. Because Ockham’s texts have mainly a theological significance, as Arthur P. Monahan justly noticed, the theme of consent is designated most of ten by the expression of causa fidei which involves the entire Christian community, and specifically those who wish to imitate Christ most perfectly.

Pierre Manent is viewed as a French thinker that develops in modern times the liberal tradition of political thinking. One of the most important issues of Manent's thinking that was not enough underlined it is the relationship between religion an politics and how this evolved from the beginning of Christianity until the main consequences of modernity. Manent view on religion and politics is the core of this paper analysis. The main contributions of Manent, such as Naissances de la politique moderne. Machiavel, Hobbes, Rousseau (1977), Histoire intellectuelle du lib.ralisme (1987) La cit. de l'homme (1994), Cours familier de philosophie politique (2001), La raison des nations. R.flections sur la d.mocratie en Europe (2006) are analyzed from this perspective. Our conclusion is that in the way Manent deals with the relationship between politics and religion there are some constants that may be found in all his work. These are: the relationship between the Church and the different forms of political organization in Europe (Civitas, Imperium, monarchy); the fact that Christianity is one of the few current relevant concepts for political, due to the failure of totalitarian ideologies; the idea that secularization in Europe is not irreversible; we live in "an age of separations", and Church-State is one of these separations; we witness the religion transformation process and the .tat la.que cannot survive to .tat-nation; the role of Islam in modern societies and his perpetual finding of a political form; the relationship between Judaism, state and nation; the issue of the Christian identity of Europe.

Representing democracy in the XIXth century Romanian political thought means, first of all, to focus the analysis on the implications the concept of democracy could provide. In the after 1848 revolution period, the concept of Romanian democracy and its place within political discourse are conditioned by philosophical and historiographical discontinuities between the periods, the intellectual sources, the political and institutional framework of that time. In those senses, democracy should be regarded as a fundamental concept to political and institutional development in the last three decades of XIXth century. In the critical approach of democracy as it appears in the Romanian political discourse, the vocation or the instinct of being democratic is constantly denied by a more plausible approach - the "national" democracy. This aspect might serve as an explanation to the multiple hesitations of the democratical background of the founding Romanian institution. Klassifikation

In the present article, my aim is to study some of the political treaties of Bartolus of Sassoferrato, from the perspective of the idea of consent in the Middle Ages. Although the concept is not explicitly mentioned in the three political treaties which I have examined so far (Tractatus de Guelphis et Gebellinis, Tractatus de regimine civitatis and Tractatus de tyranno), Bartolus mentions within his juridical writings the notion of tacit consent, expressed as tacita voluntas populi. Starting with the Tractatus de Guelphis et Gebellinis, Bartolus seems to be interested in the classification of political regimes, with the goal of identifying the best regime. The opposite of the best regime would be the regime of tyranny, which never pursues the common good of the citizens. The discrete intervention of the principle of consent in the political treaties of Bartolus takes place with the question regarding the necessity of a general consent for the elimination of the tyrant. Legitimating thus any attempt of installing a better political regime, Bartolus proves to be as prudent as Thomas Aquinas when the Italian jurist avoids, in the Tractatus de Guelphis et Gebellinis, to give a definite answer to the question of reversing a tyrannical regime. The hesitative answer of Bartolus concerning tyranny in this treaty does not diminish the role of will, when it comes to change the meaning of the notion of affectio for a citizen. My research has put forward the fact that the most significant situation, both from the juridical and the political point of view, is that of the tyrant ex defectu tituli. In times of tyranny, all contracts are null because no one has the capacity to decide what is just. The tyrant ex defectu tituli can no longer legitimate his power, although he may subsequently govern, by respecting the will of the citizens. Far from assigning a marginal role to the idea of consent, Bartolus transforms it into the fundamental principle of his favorite regime, which is t

In this chapter it is pointed out that leaders who make decisions normally rely on both their intuition and their analytical thinking. Modern research shows that intuitive thinking has the potential to support the analytical, if used properly. Leaders must therefore be aware of the possibilities and limitations of intuition. Fresh thinking and innovation are key elements in leadership analysis, thus creative problem-solving is an important complement to traditional leadership thinking. Creative leaders work extensively with both intuition and logic. They also often work with metaphors, analogies, images and imagination to create dynamism in the analysis of a problem. Many leaders come in daily contact with problems that are not necessarily self-generated. It is therefore important that they have the opportunity to take an outside perspective on the situation. They must be able to define the problems which are of strategic importance for the activity. Leaders should not allow themselves to be stressed too much by various everyday problems, but be aware that they usually cannot just ignore them. After delineating a problem a leader should think through what trials ought to be conducted to test a given hypothesis about reality. This can be done by showing how different problems are related to each other. When analyzing various problems it is useful to clarify what kinds of decisions theyrelate to. Some decisions must be made directly, while others canbe postponed. Some decisions are reversible in nature while others are irrevocable.

Objective: the objective of this study is (re) thinking health actions transiting in that territory, and, in fact, such actions include the entire universe of feelings, doubts and uncertainties that permeate male thinking when it comes to the rectal exam. Method: the method is the design of test characterized as a reflective exercise on a theme, seeking a new way of looking at the subject. Results: masculinity is constructed by the influence of the social imaginary, and cannot ignore symbolic aspects that affect the decision to take the examination. This examination does not only affect the prostate, it touches on the symbolism of the aspects of what is "being a man". Conclusion: it is for health professionals to understand what happens in the "man's world" in order to think about health actions to reduce morbidity and mortality rates of this disease that has been affecting the health and quality of life of men.

The article examines the way Romanian political thought in the early 19th century connected with the major trends of Western political thought. Romanian political thought was often reluctant to adopt the mainstream liberal ideas, forged in reaction to the French Revolution, as well as to synchronize with the pace of political change it set. Hence, concepts like constitutional regime, rule of law, liberty and order are to be read as indicators of the Romanian definition of political modernity as shown by several texts of that time. Their authors combined several themes and concepts as sovereignty or political legitimacy in a hesitating philosophical context, drawing a thin line between Ancient and Modern.

La persecución y criminalización a que el Estado colombiano ha sometido al profesor e investigador Miguel Ángel Beltrán durante los últimos seis años es un ejemplo fehaciente, a través de un caso personal, del terrorismo de Estado que se ha impuesto en nuestro país, y cuyas características criminales abarcan los más diversos ámbitos, como lo mostramos en este texto., The persecution and criminalization that the Colombian State has submitted to the professor and researcher Miguel Angel Beltran during the past six years is a clear example, through a personal case of state terrorism that has been imposed on our country, and whose characteristics criminal cover many different areas, as we show in this text.

Los trabajos abordan, desde diferentes perspectivas a la categoría de sujeto como una categoría crucial del pensamiento contemporáneo. El ámbito de preocupaciones es amplio: la perspectiva del filósofo norteamericano S. Cavell quien hace una originalísima recepción de la herencia de Austin y Wittgenstein; la perspectiva fenomenológica de Sartre en diálogo y conflicto con la del psicoanálisis lacaniano y las reconceptualizaciones de la ideología realizadas por Louis Althusser; la constitución del sujeto en tensión entre la sujeción al poder y las posibilidades de resistencia según la perspectiva de Judith Butler; una relectura de la implicación de estructura y sujeto en la perspectiva estructural abierta por Saussure y continuada por Lévi-Strauss, Benveniste y Lacan, tema que recibe un tratamiento circunscripto al pensamiento del argentino Ernesto Laclau, en el que se distinguen distintas etapas; las implicaciones que los eventos fundamentales de la historia del siglo XX acarrean para una conceptualización de la subjetividad en la perspectiva de Theodor Adorno y las limitaciones que la conceptualización de la obra de arte como juego en la obra de Gadamer impone a la concepción moderna de la subjetividad.

Nowadays is growing importance of interdisciplinary research and in the field of cultural diversity, multiculturalism and intercultural cooperation. It is important also to take into account the global processes of changes associated with the dissemination of digital information and communication technologies. One of the theories which are essential in this area of research is the concept by E. Sapir and B.L. Whorf. The purpose of the article is to introduce into a current condition of scientific dispute concerning the views of these authors on the relationship between language and cognition. Paper is based on a critical analysis of the literature. In conclusion, the main findings and recommendations for further research were identified., Współcześnie rośnie znaczenie badań interdyscyplinarnych oraz z zakresu zróżnicowania kulturowego, wielokulturowości i współpracy międzykulturowej. Istotne jest także uwzględnianie globalnych procesów zmian związanych z upowszechnianiem cyfrowych technologii informatycznych i telekomunikacyjnych. Jedną z teorii mających podstawowe znaczenie w tym obszarze badań jest koncepcja autorstwa E. Sapira i B.L. Whorfa. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie aktualności sporu naukowego dotyczącego poglądów tych autorów na relacje pomiędzy językiem a poznaniem. Opracowanie opiera się na krytycznej analizie literatury przedmiotu. W podsumowaniu wskazane zostały główne wnioski i rekomendacje co do dalszych kierunków badań.

Professor Kitromilides received the title of Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Bucharest after a lifelong career as a historian of Southeastern Europe. His speech briefly overviews the invention of South Eastern Europe as a political and cultural space under the influence of both Greek and Romanian thought during the XIXth and XXth centuries, emphasizing the uniqueness of this multicultural region.