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The paper investigates the relationship between social security and the unemployment in Romania. Social security includes all collective measures established by legislation to maintain individual or family income, to ensure an income when some or all sources of income have been lost or exhausted, or in situations where the individual must cope with increased expenses. In this approach, the unemployed, as active population but unemployed and therefore with no source of income, represent a specific vulnerable group. This is why it is important to know the causes that generate unemployment. The paper aims to verify the connection between social security contributions paid by employers and unemployment. The premise of the study takes into account the fact that an increase in social security contributions leads to an increase in the cost of labour, and this leads to a decrease in investments which in turn lead to higher unemployment rates.