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Fundamento: La demanda a los servicios de urgencias, tanto hospitalarios como extrahospitalarios, mantiene un ritmo creciente. El objetivo del presente trabajo es doble: cuantificación y estudio de las características personales de los usuarios demandantes de atención urgente y valorar si el fútbol televisado influye en la utilización del servicio de urgencias. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal (9.723 usuarios demandantes) y estudio de casos y controles (1.284 usuarios demandantes) según presencia o no de fútbol televisado mediante modelo de regresión logística. Las asociaciones se han cuantificado mediante la odds ratio (OR). Se excluyen del estudio las consultas telefónicas y las de enfermería. Resultados: El 10,6% de la demanda ha correspondido a consultas en domicilio y se han remitido al hospital el 4,8% del total. El 13,3% de la demanda corresponde a personas desplazadas de otras zonas de salud y son 65 los usuarios hiperfrecuentadores con 8 o más consultas. El mes de agosto (32,3%), el domingo (44,56%) y el grupo horario de 12 a 14 horas (8,38%) son los momento de mayor demanda de atención, siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas. El fútbol televisado se asoció a un aumento de la demanda del 19,8% (p

El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar el protocolo de análisis elaborado dentro del proyecto EMECAM, ilustrando su aplicación en el efecto de la contaminación en la mortalidad en Valencia ciudad. Se consideran como variables respuesta la mortalidad diaria para todas las causas, excepto las externas Las variables explicativas son las series diarias de diversos contaminantes (humos negros, SO2, NO2, CO, O3). Como posibles variables de confusión se consideran factores metereológicos, factores estructurales y casos semanales de gripe. Se construye un modelo de regresión Poisson para cada una de las cuatro series de mortalidad en dos fases. En la primera se construye un modelo basal con las posibles variables de confusión. En una segunda se incluyen las variables de contaminación o sus retardos, controlando la autocorrelación residual con la inclusión de retardos de mortalidad. El proceso de construcción del modelo basal sigue el siguiente proceso: 1º) Incluir los términos sinusoidales significativos hasta orden 6. 2º) Incluir los términos significativos de temperatura o temperatura al cuadrado con sus retardos hasta orden 15. 3º) Repetir el proceso con la humedad relativa.4º) Introducir los términos significativos de años del calendario, tendencia diaria y tendencia al cuadrado. 5º) Los días de la semana como variables "dummy" se incluyen siempre en el modelo. 6º) Incluir los días festivos, y de los retardos hasta 15 días de gripe aquellos que fueron significativos. Tras la reevaluación del modelo, se prueba cada uno de los contaminantes y sus retardos hasta orden 5. Se analiza el efecto por semestres incluyendo términos de interacción.

FUNDAMENTO: evaluar el impacto a corto plazo de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la mortalidad diaria de la ciudad de Pamplona MÉTODO: Estudio ecológico con una población de 212.000 habitantes. Se realiza análisis de datos de series temporales, mediante regresión lineal múltiple y regresión de Poisson, con la información de datos de mortalidad diaria, niveles de contaminación atmosférica para Partículas y SO2, parámetros meterológicos de temperatura y humedad media diarios y número de casos semanales de gripe, en los años 1991 a 1995 RESULTADOS: La media de muertes diarias por causas no externas es de 4,15 muertos con un rango de cero a 13 muertes. La ciudad de Pamplona tiene una temperatura media anual de 12,7ºC (-2,3ºC a 31.6ºC) y una humedad relativa del 68.5%. En el modelo, la temperatura (con retardo de un día y retardo de 6 días temperatura al cuadrado) y la humedad (con retardo de un día) esta relacionada con la mortalidad por todas las causas. Pero la mortalidad por causas no externas sólo se relaciona en el modelo con la temperatura (retardo un día, P: 0.035) y cinco días con temperatura al cuadrado (p: 0.028) Las estimaciones puntuales del riesgo relativo de partículas muestran que el máximo riesgo de morir se produce en las causas respiratorias con un riesgo relativo de 1.13. Sin embargo ninguna de estas asociaciones es estadísticamente significativa. En el caso de Dióxido de Azufre las estimaciones están muy próximas al valor nulo y ninguna de ellas es significativa. CONCLUSIONES: la Temperatura tiene efecto sobre la mortalidad por todas las causas tanto externas como no externas y la humedad solo tienen efecto sobre la mortalidad por causas no externas. No se ha podido demostrar una influencia de los niveles diarios de contaminación ambiental sobre la mortalidad diaria.

Objective: Limited Health Literacy implies an insufficient understanding of relevant health information, being associated with various variables. The objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of the level of Limited Sexual and Reproductive Health Literacy (AS-SR), its associated variables and the differences in scores between levels of AS-SR, universities and science of study in Chilean university students., Methods: A multicenter and cross-sectional study, which applied a validated scale to measure levels of AS-SR, was carried out in a sample of 2,186 Chilean university students, categorizing it as high, medium high, medium low and low. The level of Limited AS-SR was obtained by adding the medium-low and low categories. Tests were carried out: descriptive, psychometric and reliability; association, logistic regression and differences between variables of interest., Results: The prevalence of Limited AS-SR was 52.7%. The variables most associated with the level of Limited AS-SR were: low interest in information about health care (OR=2.819; 95% CI: 2.132-3.726), prevention (OR=2.564; 95% CI: 1.941-3.388), sexuality (OR=2.497; 95% CI: 1.807-3.452) and health promotion (OR=1.515; 95% CI: 1.239-1.853); certain sources of Information (OR=1.915; 95% CI:1.614-2.272); low economic income (OR=1.661; 95% CI: 1.361-2.026), among others. There were statistically significant differences in scores between categories of AS-SR levels, universities and study science. The scale had a reliability of 0.940., Conclusions: More than half of the students have Limited AS-SR, mainly associated with low interest in health information. The scale presents excellent psychometric indicators, being recommended for diagnoses of health situations.

Background: A suitable environment can encourage the practice of physical activity, being an easy option for the population, for this reason the main objective was to determine the influence of the urban environmental characteristics relate with the physical activity on adult people living on the Pamplona Area., Methods: Cross-sectional study based on the International Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN Adult). Participants were selected in random and stratified from the Basic areas of health attached to resident's population in the Pamplona area, aged ranged between 18-65years old. A self-administered questionnaire was used, including a complete version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale scale, to evaluate the perception of the urban environmental factors. In addition, the extended version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire for the physical activity data collection was employed. Chi square test was calculated and a multi variable analysis using non-conditional logistic regression., Results: The representative sample was composed of 905 subjects, [54,70% female]. The perception of having footpaths near to their place of resident or workplace was greater in the group that practice moderated physical activity OR: 3,86 [CI95% 1.70-8.74] and greater total physical activity (the summary of vigorous, moderated physical activity and walking) (OR: 2,61 [CI95% 1.24-5.45]). The people perception of having many places for walk in the neighborhood was associated with major habit of taking a walk (OR: 1,26 [IC95% 1.01-1.58]. Having sport spaces close to the workplace or place of resident was associated with major practice of vigorous physical s activity, OR: 1,46 [CI95% 1.01-2.12]., Conclusions: There is a direct association between the practice of physical activity and environmental urban characteristics, such as the existence of paths of walk or sports facilities.

Background: Current scientific knowledge upholds the possibility of considering a cause-effect relationship to exist between the degree of physical activity and the onset of different diseases. Des pite this, physical activity is not a very well-rooted practice among the population, which is progressively becoming more sedentary. This study is aimed at describing the prevalence of sedentarism among the population of Pamplona, as well as ascertaining what factors have the greatest bearing thereon., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by means of a postal survey on a significant sample of the age 18-65 population of Pamplona. The survey used included an evaluation of the degree of physical activity based on the Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was made using logic regression., Results: A total of 76.6% of the females have a sedentary lifestyle, whilst this percentage drops to 56.7% among males. Sedenta rism increases with age, up to 80.3% of males and 86.3% of females being respectively sedentary in the oldest age group., Conclusions: The sociodemographic factors such as sex, age, formal education, occupation and marital status seem to be determi ning factors of the sedentary lifestyle, while smoking and being overweight or obese are not. Among the young, the females not having a college education and married men who are smokers seem to be target populations for promoting physical activity.

Background: The demand placed on both hospital as well as extrahospital emergency care units currently continues to increase at a growing rate. This study has a twofold objective: the quantification and study of the personal characteristics of the users who are demanding emergency care and assessing whether televised soccer games have any bearing on the utilization of emergency care services., Methods: A longitudinal descriptive study (9,723 users demanding care) and study of cases and controls (1,284 users demanding care) according to whether or not a soccer game was being televised by means of a logistic regression model. The associations were quantified by means of the odds ratio (OR). Those dealt with by telephone or in infirmaries were not included in the study., Results: A total 10.6% of the demand involved home visits, 4.8% of this total having been sent to hospital. A total 13.3% of the demand corresponds to individuals visiting from other healthcare districts, a total of 65 being overusers of emergency care (8 or more visits). The month of August (32.3%). Sundays (44.56%) and the 12:00 p.m.-2:00 p.m. timeframe (8.38%) are the times when the greatest demand for care occurs, the differences being statistically significant. Televised soccer games were associated to a 19.8% (p < 0.001) rise in demand as compared to the control period., Conclusions: A high degree of use of the extrahospital emergency care units has been found to exist, a major part of the demand being concentrated at highly specific points in time. A major degree of care is provided to those visiting from outside their own healthcare districts. Television soccer game broadcasts is associated with the greater utilization of the emergency care services.