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Background: Sclerotherapy is a cornerstone of the treatment of chronic venous disease, despite some technical aspects (e.g., sclerosant liquid agent concentration [SLAC] and contact time between sclerosant agent and vein wall [ctSA/VW]) to maximize outcomes remain an unsolved problem and a source of debate. An innovative three-balloon catheter has been developed to allow sclerotherapy in empty vein conditions (Empty Vein Ablation technique, EVA), revolutionizing the definition of SLAC and ctSA/VW. Aim of this experimental study is to analyze EVA effects on intima and media vessel tunicae using different SLAC and ctSA/VW in an in-vivo animal model., Methods: Two adult sheep were treated by EVA using jugular and common iliac vein axes (eight vein segments). Different SLAC (polidocanol 0.5% or 1%) and different ctSA/VW (3 or 5 minutes) were combined for testing residual circumferential intima percentage and media thickness after EVA., Results: Intact circumferential residual intima after the treatment was 21.3±4.9%, 18.2±7.4%, 15.7±2.4% and 8.9±2.0% using 0.5% (3 min), 0.5% (5 min), 1% (3 min) and 1% (5 min), respectively (R 2 =0.945; control sample: 97.6%). Media thickness after the treatment was 121.6±35.3 µm, 110.9±7.8 µm, 96.1±30.4 µm and 79.1±34.1 µm using 0.5% (3 min), 0.5% (5 min), 1% (3 min) and 1% (5 min), respectively (R 2 =0.990; control sample 125.7 µm). No significant modifications were detected analyzing the adventitia in all samples., Conclusions: EVA proved to be effective in venous wall destruction even with a very low SLAC and ctSA/VW (0.5% in 3 minutes), in quite large caliber veins. Direct comparisons with foam/liquid sclerotherapy should be done to confirm therapeutic effectiveness of these results, despite EVA has provided a maximized and controlled SA/VW contact time and ratio.

Background: The aim of this paper was to assess the use of venoactive drugs (VADs) after surgery for chronic venous disease in our operative unit in terms of patients' compliance to the therapy and a possible effect on the postoperative pain and quality of life (QoL)., Methods: Data of consecutive patients who underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. All patients, through telephone interview 90 days after the operation, were asked about taking the VAD (either sulodexide or MPFF) which was recommended during the postoperative period. Data were collected about the duration of therapy, the intensity of perceived pain (0-10 scale) at 1st, 7th and 30th postoperative days (POD), the length of rest from their daily activities and QoL during the first postoperative month (through Italian SF-12 questionnaire). P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results of patients who took the VAD were compared to those of patients who did not take the VAD (case-controlled study)., Results: A total of 132 patients were operated on (43 with endovenous radiofrequency ablation, RFA; 43 with stripping or crossectomy; 46 with phlebectomies). The proportion of patients who took VADs was two thirds, similar among the three groups. Of those, 24% took VADs for less than 30 days. No significant differences were recorded between those who took and those who didn't take any drugs in terms of intensity of pain at 1st, 7th and 30th POD, days of rest from daily activities and QoL., Conclusions: Irrespectively of the groups, about one third of the patients did not take the recommended VAD postoperatively. No significant difference was recorded between those who took the therapy and those who did not in terms of intensity of postoperative pain, length of rest from daily activities and QoL.