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Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term results of orthodontic treatment with traditional braces and Invisalign, with a particular emphasis on treatment length, patient satisfaction, correction of malocclusion, and long-term stability., Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, individuals who had orthodontic treatment at a tertiary care center had their data analysed. Patients with mild to severe malocclusions treated with conventional braces or Invisalign between the ages of 12 and 18 met the inclusion criteria. Assessments were done on results, length of treatment, degree of malocclusion, and long-term stability. With significance set at P < 0.05, statistical analyses comprised t-tests for treatment duration and Chi-square testing for malocclusion correction., Findings: The mean treatment time for Invisalign was much shorter (18 months) than for conventional braces (24 months) ( P < 0.001). With 88-90% success rates, both techniques demonstrated remarkable success rates in malocclusion treatment. Even though Invisalign was associated with a somewhat greater percentage of relapse instances, the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05)., Conclusion: In conclusion, Invisalign showed a much shorter treatment period than conventional braces, yet both showed excellent malocclusion correction. The choice of modality should be based on patient satisfaction, treatment objectives, and case complexity, taking into account the trade-offs between treatment length and potential variations in long-term stability., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Context: The goals of orthodontic therapy are to provide stable treatment results and the best possible tooth alignment. Orthodontic retention regimens are essential for avoiding relapses after treatment; however, there is ongoing discussion on the best regimen., Methods: Orthodontic patients treated at a tertiary care center were the subject of a retrospective analysis. Information was gathered about follow-up evaluations, treatment techniques, patient demographics, and retention procedures. Relapse rates and occlusal characteristics were among the objective variables used to evaluate treatment stability. A statistical analysis evaluated the effectiveness of various retention strategies., Findings: When it came to preserving treatment stability, fixed retainers outperformed detachable appliances, Hawley retainers, and Essix retainers. The mean changes in occlusal parameters and relapse rates were greater for removable appliances, but the performance of Hawley and Essix retainers was moderate. Significant variations in retention techniques were verified by statistical analysis, with fixed retainers outperforming alternative detachable retainers and removable appliances. In conclusion, compared to alternative detachable retainers and removable equipment, fixed retainers are more successful in preserving treatment stability. Retention protocols, however, must to be established with each patient's needs and treatment preferences in mind. The length of patient compliance and retention has a crucial role in determining the stability of therapy, underscoring the significance of patient education and continued monitoring. To improve long-term treatment results and optimize orthodontic retention techniques, further research and technical developments are required., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Background: Orthodontic retention protocols are crucial for maintaining treatment stability post-orthodontic treatment. However, the optimal retention strategy remains debated., Methods: A retrospective analysis of patient records from a tertiary orthodontic center over 5 years was conducted. Variables, including retention protocols employed, duration of retention, and treatment stability, were weighed., Results: Fixed retainers were the most commonly utilized retention protocol, followed by removable retainers and combination methods. Although the incidence of treatment relapse appeared higher among patients with removable retainers, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Combination protocols demonstrated comparable treatment stability to fixed retainers., Conclusion: This research gives understanding of the effectiveness of orthodontic retention protocols in a tertiary center setting. While fixed retainers remain widely used, removable retainers and combination methods also show promise in maintaining treatment stability. Addressing patient compliance issues and optimizing retention strategies based on individual patient needs are essential for enhancing treatment outcomes., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Objective: This systematic review examines the efficacy and biocompatibility of orthodontic clear aligner tooth aligners constructed from polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PeT-G), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)., Materials and Methods: To find relevant papers published through September 2021, PubMed was searched extensively. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies assessing the effectiveness and biocompatibility of the aligner materials were included. Data were extracted independently, and the quality of included research was appraised using relevant procedures. The research variability necessitated a narrative synthesis., Results: Five studies were included for comparison. All materials were biocompatible; however, PeT-G and EVA aligners caused the least tissue irritation. Patients preferred TPU aligners for initial comfort and PeT-G aligners for transparency and endurance., Conclusion: Biocompatible PeT-G, PP, PC, TPU, and EVA tooth aligners fix malocclusions. Aligner materials should be chosen based on patient preferences, treatment goals, and material qualities. For stronger proof, a longer-term study is needed., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Background: Nanosized antibacterial agents can be used to prevent biofilm buildup on orthodontic appliances and auxiliaries, limiting microbial adherence and preventing caries. Nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the antibacterial properties of orthodontic materials due to their smaller particle size and larger surface area., Materials and Methods: The study's material analysis was divided into four groups, numbered I through IV, using Transbond XT Primer as a control and modifying group I by adding various antibacterial agents. 98.1 g of mutans-sanguis agar was dissolved in 1,000 ml of warm distilled water and autoclaved for 15 minutes at 121°C and 15 lb pressure. 176 disk specimens of 6 mm in diameter were created, sterilized in an autoclave, and heated to 60°C in a hot air oven for 1 hour. Ten milliliters of primer containing different antimicrobial agents was applied to the sterilized disks. Four petri plates were used for each concentration, with 16 disks in each group. 44 petri plates in all were utilized., Results: The orthodontic primer modified by the addition of antibacterial agents showed a significantly increased antimicrobial activity, and nanobenzalkonium chloride (BAC) at 5% concentration showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy among all groups. Nanohydroxyapatite showed the least., Conclusion: Within the confines of the current investigation, it was determined that the addition of antibacterial agents had significantly higher antimicrobial activity and BAC at 5% concentration had the highest antimicrobial efficacy of all the groups., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Aim: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the comparison between the Skeletal Maturation phases of Fishman's hand-wrist skeletal maturation index (SMI) and cervical vertebral maturation angle (CVMA)., Methodology: Assessment and comparison of Skeletal Maturation utilizing the hand-wrist bone radiograph by Fishman's system of skeletal maturation indicator (SMI), cervical vertebra maturation stages (CVMS), and lateral cephalogram by cervical vertebral maturation angle (CVMA) conducted on 150 subjects (75 male and 75 female). Chi-square was used to reveal the significance of study parameters on a categorical scale between SMI, CVMS, CVMA, and multiple regression analysis conducted to envisage the connotation of the dependent variable., Results: Multiple regression analysis models exhibited 61.9% of the variance for CVMA with autonomous variables. In multiple regression analysis, there is no substantial association ( P > 0.05) between age and CVMA. The correlation of SMI and CVMA values utilizing Pearson's correlation coefficient for males and females presented positive association with R value of 0.801 for males and 0.834 for females and a P value of < 0.001., Conclusion: As compared to other maturity indicators like hand and wrist, cervical vertebral angular measurements were reliable enough for assessing the degree of skeletal maturation., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Introduction: One of the hormones that are crucial in safe pregnancy is the Progesterone. Its defect may cause bleeding and abortion. Hence, in this study, we evaluated two different drug modalities of progesterone for their efficacy., Material and Methods: We piloted a prospective observational study among 100 pregnant women in their first trimester. They were divided to two equal groups to receive oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone. The clinical and the demographic data with detailed history were taken and noted. The patients were followed up till the pervaginal bleeding stopped and till second trimester end. The comparisons were made between the groups using Chi square test deliberating P < 0.05 as significant., Results: The age, BMI, and the progesterone levels were comparable between the groups. No significant difference between the groups was seen for the adverse reactions and for the continuation of pregnancy till 24 weeks. However, there was a significant variation in the cessation of the pervaginal bleeding, with lower time for the oral dydrogesterone., Conclusion: Compared to the vaginal progesterone, oral dydrogesterone performed better in preventing the pervaginal bleeding and prolonging the viability of the pregnancy till the second trimester end., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment may bring about changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. Hence, we aim to assess the impact of the orthodontic tooth movement on the articular disc repositioning of TMJ., Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational prospective study among 50 class IIdiv-I subjects. The magnetic resonance images were used to evaluate TMJ during the orthodontic treatments. The phases were T1-start of treatment, T2-thru phase I, T3-at the end of phase I, and T4-at the end of phase II. The qualitative values were compared for the disc changes., Results: No significant changes in the disc position or the regression were seen with open or closed mouth between T1-T3, T3-T4, and T1-T4. Significant variation for the position of the disc was seen in the opened mouth between T3-T4. Significant variation for the form of the disc was seen when closed at T1-T2 and T2-T3., Conclusions: Disc of the TMJ maintained the form and position during the treatments., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)