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Background: Heart Failure (HF) is a chronic disease that appears to affect resilience. One of the important programs that may affect resilience is a spiritual care program. As a result, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of a spiritual care program on the resilience of patients with HF., Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed at Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Eighty-four patients were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups using a block size of 6. Connor-Davidson Scale and Parsian and Dunning Spirituality Questionnaire were completed by both groups before and after the intervention. For the experimental group, two educational sessions were carried out in one hour and thirty minutes and then continued three times a week for 1 month in order to practice spiritual care via WhatsApp. The control group did not receive the intervention that is done for the experimental group during performing intervention. In the end, the data related to 74 patients in each group ( n = 37) were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA)., Results: Dimensions of individual competence ( F = 12.85, p = 0.001) and negative emotion tolerance of resilience ( F = 8.71, p = 0.005) increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group and caused a significant increase in the total resilience score of the patients ( F = 7.78, p = 0.007)., Conclusions: Results of the study showed that a spiritual care program has a great role in improving the total resilience score and can be considered as a part of the holistic treatment program., Competing Interests: Nothing to declare., (Copyright: © 2022 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research.)

Background: Heart failure is the leading cause of readmission in all medical and surgical patients. Home care studies have reduced hospitalization in heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of home care program on readmission in advanced heart failure., Materials and Methods: The study was a randomized clinical trial conducted at the Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center from September 2017 to March 2018. Ninety-eight patients with advanced heart failure were selected using census method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For the experimental group, the home care program was implemented for 6 months. The date and frequency of hospitalization were recorded during 30, 90, and 180 days before and after the home care program. The quantitative data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests and qualitative data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test., Results: The number of hospitalization and length of hospital stay 30, 90, and 180 days after implementation of the home care program in the experimental group was significantly less than the control group ( p < 0.001). The number of hospitalizations and length of stay in the experimental group decreased significantly after the program ( p < 0.001). In the control group, 90 days after the intervention, the number of hospitalizations ( p = 0.013) and length of stay increased significantly ( p < 0.001), and 180 days after the intervention, increased significantly ( p < 0.001)., Conclusions: The implementation of a designed home care program reduces readmission and the length of hospital stay in advanced heart failure., Competing Interests: Nothing to declare., (Copyright: © 2022 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research.)

Background: Premature infants are subjected to many painful procedures during care and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of music therapy on physiological and behavioral pain responses of premature infants during and after blood sampling., Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-over clinical trial conducted on 20 infants in a hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences for a 5-month period in 2011. In the experimental group, Transitions music was played from 5 min before until 10 min after blood sampling. The infants' facial expressions and physiological measures were recorded from 10 min before until 10 min after sampling. All steps and measurements, except music therapy, were the same for the control group. Data were analyzed using SAS and SPSS software through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests., Results: There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups (P = 0.022) in terms of heart rate during needle extraction and at the first 5 min after sampling (P = 0.005). Considering the infant's sleep-wake state in the second 5 min before sampling, the statistical difference was significant (P = 0.044). Difference was significant (P = 0.045) during injection of the needle, in the first 5 min after sampling (P = 0.002), and in the second 5 min after sampling (P = 0.005). There were significant difference in infants' facial expressions of pain in the first 5 min after sampling (P = 0.001)., Conclusions: Music therapy reduces the physiological and behavioral responses of pain during and after blood sampling.

Background: Various studies show an association between lack of social skills in adolescents and the future incidence of behavioral disorders. If girls, as future mothers, lack adequate health, awareness, self confidence and social skills, they may act as a source of many social problems. Therefore, the present study has tried to educate this group on one of the most essential social skills, refusal skill in high risk situation., Materials and Methods: This is a field quasi experimental study conducted on 145 female students in middle schools in Arak, Iran in 2010-2011. The schools were randomly selected. The subjects were selected through systematic random sampling from the schools' log book. The data were collected by questionnaires containing personal and familial characteristics, three health belief model structures, and behavioral intention in high risk situations. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical tests (frequency distribution, mean, SD) and inferential tests of repetitive variance analysis and T-test through SPSS., Findings: In the present study, repetitive variance analysis showed that education by use of a health belief model had a positive effect on refusal skills in high risk situations as well as perceived barriers (p = 0.007), self-efficacy (p = 0.015), behavioral intention (p = 0.048) after educational intervention in the study group, but not on perceived benefits (p = 0.180)., Conclusions: The results showed that education significantly increased refusal skills in high risk situations in the study group through the health belief model. With regard to the results, it is essential to equip the students with preventive behaviors to guarantee their physical, emotional and social health.