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Dental specialties are seldom recognized in India. Hence, in the present study, we aim to assess awareness among the rural population about the dental specialty of orthodontics.We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional observational study at the rural center attached to the institute. We divided the participants into two groups as adults and teenagers. A questionnaire with 15 questions to assess the knowledge of the orthodontics was given and the response was noted. Data were analyzed for the statistical significance.We observed no significant difference in general information and awareness about the knowledge for the orthodontics.There is still a deficit of the awareness among rural India about the dental specialty of the orthodontics irrespective of the age and gender. Awareness camps have to be arranged at the school levels.

Orthodontic treatment may bring about changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. Hence, we aim to assess the impact of the orthodontic tooth movement on the articular disc repositioning of TMJ.We conducted an observational prospective study among 50 class IIdiv-I subjects. The magnetic resonance images were used to evaluate TMJ during the orthodontic treatments. The phases were T1-start of treatment, T2-thru phase I, T3-at the end of phase I, and T4-at the end of phase II. The qualitative values were compared for the disc changes.No significant changes in the disc position or the regression were seen with open or closed mouth between T1-T3, T3-T4, and T1-T4. Significant variation for the position of the disc was seen in the opened mouth between T3-T4. Significant variation for the form of the disc was seen when closed at T1-T2 and T2-T3.Disc of the TMJ maintained the form and position during the treatments.

EMPOwER, a 12-week, double-blind (DB), randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of erenumab in adult patients with episodic migraine (EM) from Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. This study analyzes the Indian experience for the use of erunumab for prevention of episodic migraine.The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of erenumab (70 mg and 140 mg) in EM patients from India.Randomized patients received monthly subcutaneous injections of placebo and erenumab 70 mg or 140 mg for 3 months. The primary endpoint was a change from the baseline in monthly migraine days (MMDs) at month 3. Other endpoints included achievement of ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reduction in MMD; a change in monthly acute migraine-specific medication treatment days; a change in patient-reported outcomes; and safety assessment.Of the 539 patients screened, 351 patients were randomized (erenumab, 70 mg:Both doses of erenumab showed numerical improvement for efficacy endpoints and were well-tolerated in the Indian population. No new safety signals were reported.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of central corneal thickness (CCT) with age, sex, refractive status, and keratometry (KM). Materials and Methods: In our cross-sectional study, 1000 eyes of 500 patients from the outpatient department were randomly selected between July 2014 and December 2015. CCT was measured with a Humphrey ultrasonic pachymeter. Horizontal and vertical curvatures of the cornea were measured with a Bausch and Lomb keratometer, and its mean was calculated. Refractive state was measured with a Priestley-Smith retinoscope and converted to spherical equivalent (SE). The patients were divided into three age groups (Group A [16–30 years], Group B [31–45 years], and Group C [46–60 years]), and the data were analyzed statistically by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences programme. Results: The mean SE, KM, and CCT of the patients under the study were(-) 0.47 ± 2.26, 43.79 ± 1.18D, and 528.41 ± 19.1 μm. The mean CCT was higher in age Group C (46–60 years) than other groups (P = 0.008), but we found that an increase in age has no impact on CCT after regression analysis. CCT was not affected by sex (p = 0.168). The mean CCT for myopic patients was 522.87 ± 18.03 μm, which was less compared to 536.39 ± 17.753 μm in hypermetropic patients (p ≤ 0.001). Positive correlation was found between CCT and SE (r = 0.520,P≤ 0.001). KM showed negative correlation with CCT (r = −0.288,p≤ 0.001). Conclusion: From our study, we concluded that CCT was related to age, refractive status, and KM, but not to sex.

Background: A number of natural mouth rinse formulations are being proposed as an alternative to the widely used chemical mouth rinses. Objective: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine (0.2%), sodium fluoride (0.05%), fluoride with essential oils (0.05%), alum (0.02 M), green tea, and garlic with lime mouth rinses against Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli, and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The three microbes were isolated from the saliva samples collected from children with severe early childhood caries. The zone of minimum inhibition was assessed using agar diffusion method. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Against S. mutans and lactobacilli, chlorhexidine mouth rinse was found to be the most effective as compared to sodium fluoride (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), fluoride with essential oils (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), alum (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), green tea (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and garlic with lime (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) mouth rinses, respectively. But against C. albicans, garlic with lime mouth rinse was found to be the most effective as compared to chlorhexidine (P < 0.001), sodium fluoride (P < 0.001), fluoride with essential oils (P < 0.001), alum (P < 0.001), and green tea (P < 0.001) mouth rinses. Against S. mutans and lactobacilli, after chlorhexidine mouth rinse, garlic with lime mouth rinse was found to be significantly more effective than sodium fluoride (P = 0.053, P = 0.001), fluoride with essential oils (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), alum (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and green tea (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) mouth rinses. Conclusion: As a natural mouth rinse, garlic with lime mouth rinse was found to be the most promising. However, further studies are needed in this field.