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Delayed hyponatremia is a serious complication seen after pituitary surgery. We document the incidence, presentation, outcome and risk factors for this condition.This was a retrospective study involving 222 patients operated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas between 2007-2016. Delayed hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium135 mmol/L, occurring after the third post-operative day. Hyponatremia was categorized as mild (134-130 mmol/L), moderate (129-125 mmol/L) and severe (125 mmol/L). All patients received intravenous (0.9%) saline, intravenous hydrocortisone and 12g oral salt over 24 hours. Patients with severe hyponatremia were given 3% saline.Fifty eight patients (26%) developed delayed hyponatremia; thirty (13.5%) had severe hyponatremia. Delayed hyponatremia usually (43.1%) occurred on the seventh post-operative day (range, 3-15 days). Most patients (81%) remained asymptomatic; 11 patients developed vomiting (5), seizures (3), lethargy (1), fever (1) and paralytic ileus (1). One patient developed status epilepticus. Patients who manifest symptoms had lower sodium levels as compared to those who did not have symptoms (mean 117.7 mmol/L vs. 123 mmol/L; P0.01). Male gender (P = 0.002) and intra-operative CSF leak (P = 0.003) were risk factors for developing delayed hyponatremia. Other factors like, age, pre-operative cortisol levels, extent of resection and post-operative diabetes insipidus did not correlate with the occurrence of delayed hyponatremia. Patients who maintained their mean serum sodium levels138 mmol/L (day 1-day 3) were unlikely to develop delayed hyponatremia (sensitivity, 55.2% and specificity, 83.9%), positive predictive value, 63.2% [confidence interval (CI) 48, 76.7%] and negative predictive value, 78.8% (CI 70.6, 85.5%). In most patients (57%) hyponatremia was corrected within 48 hours (h).We recommend routine serum sodium testing on the seventh post-operative day for all patients undergoing pituitary surgery. Most patients remain asymptomatic and unless they are detected early they can go on to develop serious complications.

Background: Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is uncommonly reported from India. We attempted to study the clinical and imaging features and management of participants who presented with PDB. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, clinical and imaging profile, biochemistry, and treatment outcomes of participants with PDB (n = 48) were obtained. Results: The mean age was 60 ± 11.3 years and 35% were women. Twenty percent were asymptomatic. Many (87%) had polyostotic involvement. Sixty percent (n = 29) underwent treatment with zoledronic acid and rest with oral bisphosphonates, and all achieved remission. Conclusion: Most of the pagetic participants had polyostotic disease and one-fifth were asymptomatic. All participants had disease remission following treatment.

Cardiac dextroposition is the horizontal displacement of the heart into the right hemithorax. We present a case with an unusual cause of cardiac dextroposition. A 75-year-old, morbidly obese woman on regular follow-up for diabetes, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease presented with complaints of a persistent cough. Her chest X-ray showed elevation of the left dome of the diaphragm and shift of the mediastinum to the right which was a new finding as compared to her previous chest X-ray taken in April 2012. Subsequent radiological examination revealed the presence of a well-defined, fat-containing mass in the left hypochondrium displacing the stomach, spleen, and transverse colon downward. She was taken up for laparotomy, and a 2 kg well-circumscribed intraperitoneal tumor was excised from the left hypochondrium. The biopsy showed a well-differentiated liposarcoma. New-onset cardiac dextroposition is usually secondary to pathology in the lungs or the pleura or the diaphragm. An intra-abdominal tumor causing cardiac dextroposition has not been reported so far.

Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a tumor arising from the para follicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland and can occur either sporadically or as part of an inherited syndrome. A proportion of these cases carry an autosomal dominant mutation in the RET (REarranged during Transfection) proto-oncogene. Screening for these mutations in the affected patients and the carriers ′′at risk′′ which includes the first-degree relatives is of utmost importance for early detection and prompt treatment including prophylactic thyroidectomy in cases that harbor these mutations. Results: This report presents details of screening and subsequent follow-up of a large Indian family, where the index case was found to carry p.Cys634Ser mutation involving exon 11 of the RET gene. These data are of value considering the paucity of information within the region in context of screening large families affected by these mutations.

Background: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) describes a focus of papillary thyroid cancer that is less than 1 cm in size. These tumors are frequently found on histopathological examination of thyroid specimens, operated upon for an indication other than suspected malignancy. Materials and Methods: From 2005 to 2012, 94 of 1300 thyroidectomy specimens in our institution were found to have PTMC. Of these, 77 were isolated PTMC while the others were associated with other differentiated cancers. We studied their clinicopathologic features, treatment and long-term outcome. Results: There were 18 men and 59 women (the male: female ratio was 1:3), their mean age was 44 ± 10.5 years (range: 18-72 years). Multinodular goiter was the most common indication for surgery. Malignancy was suspected in only 31.4% cases. The mean tumor size was 4.1 ± 2.3 mm. Nearly 17% cases had slightly larger tumors measuring >6 but

Introduction : Although,there are several tests available, not one of them fulfils the criteria of being an ideal screening test. Continuing the search for an ideal screening test, we explored the use of urine spot cortisol-creatinine ratio as a novel method of evaluating patients with Cushing′s syndrome. Method: A total of 35 subjects were studied and divided into 3 groups - 15 having cushings syndrome, 15 patients with obesity and 5 normal weight subjects. All patients with cushings syndrome were positive for the other screening tests. Results : The mean (standard deviation) of cortisol:creatinine ratio among the 3 groups (cushings, obese and control subjects) was 36.00(24.74), 7.01(2.73) and 3.49(2.68) respectively. Using the cutoff of 12.27 nano mol/ micro mol(based on data of normal subjects) for the urine cortisol creatinine ratio we get a sensitivity of 93.75% and a specificity of 100%. Also the positive and negative predictive value as calculated with this cutoff is 100% and 93.3% respectively. Conclusion: In this study we found that UCCR is similar in both Obese and Non Obese subjects who did not have cushings syndrome. UCCR is significantly elevated in individuals with Cushing′s syndrome as compared to those who do not have cushings syndrome. Also when a cut off of 12.27 nano mol/ micro mol was used this test had a higher sensitivity, however this test had a higher specificity at a cut off of 15.35.