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Peripheral nerves can be injured by a direct result of the anesthetic technique of regional anesthesia or it can be contributed/compounded by poor perioperative positioning and padding, tourniquets, and the nature of surgery and diseases affecting the microvasculature of nerves. We present a case of perioperative peripheral nerve injuries which could not be explained by anesthesia technique nor surgery per se.

Subcutaneous emphysema is a condition when air gets accumulated into the tissues under the skin and in the soft tissues of the chest wall or neck but can also spread to other parts of the body. It generally causes minimal symptoms and nonlethal; sometimes, it may be severe and life-threatening if deeper tissues of the thoracic outlet and chest are involved. It is essential to know the mechanisms of subcutaneous emphysema after cardiac surgery.

Introduction: The maxillary sinuses (MS) are of particular importance to dentist because of their close proximity to the teeth and their associated structures, so increased risk of maxillary sinusitis has been reported with periapical abscess, periodontal diseases, dental trauma, tooth extraction, and implant placement. Complications of MS are related to its anatomic and pathologic variations. Thus, study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anatomic variations in MS by using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Aims and Objectives: To determine different anatomical variations in MS by using CBCT. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 150 subjects were collected between the age group of 18 years to 70 years and were analyzed for MS anatomical variation. Statistical Analysis: The distribution of age, sex, reasons for CBCT, and dimensions of sinus calculated using descriptive statistics and distribution of other anatomic findings using Chi-square test. Results: Prevalence of obstructed ostium is 23.3% and septa is 66.7%. Average height, width, and antero-posterior (A-P) dimensions for right MS are 34.13 mm, 26.09 mm, 37.39 mm and that of left MS are 33.24 mm, 26.11 mm, 37.72 mm respectively. Average distance between lower border of ostium to sinus floor in right MS is 32.17 mm and that of left is 32.69 mm. Average diameter of ostium in right MS is 1.88 mm and that of left is 1.67 mm. Conclusion: Study highlights the importance of accurate assessment of MS and its variations in order to properly differentiate the pathologic lesions from anatomic variations avoiding unnecessary surgical explorations.

Malposition of venous cannula can cause inadequate venous drainage during cardiopulmonary bypass. It would be good clinical practice to use TEE to check the position of inferior venous cannula to avoid this problem at the earliest.

We report first successful allogenic hematopoetic stem cell transplant of adult male with leukocyte adhesion deficiency. This patient was symptomatic for recurrent pyoderma gangrenosum since 10 years. He had received local treatments, systemic antibiotics, steroids, and cyclosporin but pyoderma was refractory leading to delay in hematopoetic stem cell transplant. The graft source was peripheral blood from 6/6 matched sibling. The conditioning regimen used was Busulphan, Cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin. Neutrophil engraftment occurred on day +14 and platelet engraftment occurred on day +24. Chimerism study of day +30 with VNTR showed 100% donor chimerism with normalization of CD18 expression.

We report a case of 19 year old female (carrier of hemophilia) with severe aplastic anemia who underwent Hematopoetic stem cell transplantation. Sibling donor was 13 year male suffering from hemophilia A, with factor VIII levels of 3 units per liter. Recipient's factor VIII level was maintained after HSCT. She is transfusion independent and without symptoms of hemophilia after a follow up of 24 months.

Patient with embolic episode should always be evaluated for cardiac mass. Mass in left ventricular can be a myxoma or thrombus even in a normal functioning heart . In either case, mobile mass with embolic potential should be surgically resected.

An 11-year-old child, a known case of sickle cell anaemia with a history suggestive of sickling crisis in the past was scheduled for surgical pulmonary valvotomy. Pre-operative blood transfusion and hydroxyurea were administered. Pre-operative blood transfusion is indicated in sickle cell disease patients to raise the haematocrit level and lower sickle haemoglobin (HbS) levels. Before the start of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), exchange transfusion was performed to reduce HbS level and raise adult haemoglobin level. Hypothermia was prevented by employing normothermic CPB.

Ackerman's tumour or Verucous carcinoma is a unique clinico-pathological rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. The term Verrucous is used because of its fine, finger like surface projections. Verrucous carcinoma constitutes 2 to 4.5% of all forms of squamous cell carcinoma, occuring mainly in oral cavity and larynx, buccal mucosa being most commonly involved. A case of verrucous carcinoma involving mucosa of retromolar region in an adult male aged 63 years is being reported who was managed using CO 2 lasers. Post-surgical excision was without any post-operative complications. Repithelialization was within weeks and no signs of recurrence after follow up period of about six months. Thus it is concluded that CO 2 lasers can be good tool for surgical management.