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Context: The prosthetic technology in recent years has grown by leap and bounds. The most advanced gadgets like microprocessors are available worldwide at exorbitant costs. Developing countries have issues with terrain, access to services, and cost. The new design of the prosthetic knee joint was planned to develop a cost-effective, sturdy, and easy to fit a universal system., Methods and Material: This exploratory design was undertaken to develop a prototype. The design was further developed and tested for its materialistic properties. Pilot study assessing functions using this joint is also underway., Results and Conclusion: The novelty of this knee joint is that locking and unlocking are made simple such that it can be done by the transfemoral amputee at will, with ease, on the spot, independent of the terrain he/she is traversing. The awareness of such a prosthetic joint is vital for family physicians., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)

Background: Following head injury, cardiopulmonary functions are impaired and this disturbs the oxygenation transport pathway. Expanding cardiopulmonary physical therapy to encompass the oxygen transport system as a whole has implication for treatment as well as assessment and treatment outcome. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess the oxygenation level in head injury patients with relation to body positioning in the intensive care unit (ICU)., Methodology: Thirty consecutive patients with head injury with hemodynamically stable were included from the surgical ICU, ages ranging from 15 to 50 years. Noninvasive vital parameters (oxygen saturation [SpO 2 ], pulse rate [PR], respiratory rate [RR], and blood pressure [BP]) were observed and recorded in different body positions at regular intervals of 5 min for 15 min in each position., Results: There was increment in SpO 2 value in all positions from 0 min to end of 15 min in supine (98.63 ± 0.36-98.73 ± 0.30), right-side lying (98.77 ± 0.30-98.93 ± 0.20), left-side lying (98.73 ± 0.29-99.03 ± 0.24), and recline sitting (30°-70°) (99.03 ± 0.24-99.50 ± 0.22). However, there was statistically significant increment in recline sitting (30°-70°) compared to other positions ( P = 0.036) while other parameters (PR, RR, and BP) were getting stabilized at lower values at end of 15 min in every positions tested., Conclusion: We conclude that upright position bring about significant increase in arterial SpO 2 compared to any other positions. Other vital parameters were seen to stabilize at lower values at the end of 15 min in every position tested., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Aims/objectives: To evaluate in vitro the ultrasonic vibration efficacy with and without water spray cooling on the reduction of the amount of force necessary to dislodge the cast posts cemented with resin cement and to compare it with those cemented with GIC Type I luting cement., Materials and Methods: SIXTY SAMPLES WERE DIVIDED INTO SIX GROUPS: groups 1, 2, 3, posts cemented with GIC; groups 4, 5, 6, posts cemented with resin; groups 1 and 4 (controls), no ultrasound; groups 2 and 5, ultrasound without water spray; and groups 3 and 6, ultrasound with water spray. Instron testing machine was used to dislodge the posts from the root canals and the data was statistically analyzed., Results: Ultrasound with water spray (group 3) among the GIC groups reduced the traction force necessary to extract posts by 53.33% whereas ultrasound without water spray (group 5) among the resin groups reduced by 59.5% compared to control., Conclusion: Ultrasound with water is more effective in removing posts cemented with GIC because of the ultrasonic energy being transferred to the post. Ultasonics without water is more effective in removing posts fixed with resin cement probably by the indirect action of heat production.

The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the debridement ability of Canal Master and K-Files using scanning electron microscope. One hundred and twelve freshly extracted human upper central incisor teeth were divided into two groups of 56 each. One group was instrumented using Canal Master and another group was instrumented using K-Files. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and examined under the SEM. Scanning electron micrographs were qualitatively and statistically analysed for the degree of cleanliness with regard to the presence of debris, smeared layer and patency of dentinal tubules in the apical third of each root canal. In order to determine whether there is a difference between the two instrumentation techniques, a chi-square test of equal proportions was used. This test gave a chi-square value of 24.19 (P < .001). Both the instrumentation techniques were ineffective in completely debriding the canals. However, the results showed that the Canal Master produced cleaner showing lesser debris than that produced by K-Files.