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Aim: To elucidate the patterns of characteristic hypometabolism on 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose( 18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in multisystem atrophy (MSA) and their correlation with the patterns of uptake on dopamine transporter imaging with 99mTc TRODAT-1 SPECT. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 67 patients with clinically diagnosed MSA was performed. All the subjects underwent 99mTc TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning on two separate days. The 99mTc-TRODAT-1 scans were analyzed visually for asymmetry and rostro-caudal gradient. The FDG uptake patterns were recorded, and areas of hypometabolism that were two standard deviations from the mean were considered abnormal. Results: All the subjects had an abnormal pattern of FDG uptake on PET scan, both on a visual inspection and semiquantitative analysis. In MSA-P subjects (n = 29), diffuse predominant hypometabolism of the globus pallidus-putamen complex was noted, with relative sparing of the caudate nuclei. In MSA-C subjects (n = 25), characteristic hypometabolism was noted in the cerebellum and brainstem. In mixed subtypes (n = 13), variable involvement of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brainstem was noted with frontoparietal hypometabolism. A statistically significant difference between MSA-P and MSA-C for gradient reduction and asymmetry with gradient reduction was observed. Conclusion: Dopamine transporter imaging with 99mTc TRODAT-1 SPECT not only helps in confirmation of parkinsonian disorders but also demonstrates varying patterns of distribution in different subtypes of MSA. Characteristic patterns of hypometabolism in 18F-FDG PET may help in the differentiation of the subtypes of MSA in the presence of clinically overlapping symptoms.

Aim: To assess osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation (OMSFE) with simultaneous implant placement using an in situ hardening biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) compared to xenograft as a control. Methods: Patient in need for sinus floor augmentation in one or both sinuses were selected for this randomised controlled clinical trial. Sites presenting a residual sinus floor height of 3–6 mm and eligible for OMSFE were randomly assigned to receive either BCP (test) or xenograft particles (control). CBCT scans were performed before and at the time of implant loading (180 days). The difference in sinus floor height gain between the two groups was set as the primary endpoint parameter for equivalence testing. The implant insertion torque (ITV) was recorded and Implant stability quotients (ISQ) was assessed upon implant placement, abutment connection (160 days) and implant loading (180 days). Results: A total of 54 sinus lifts were performed in 42 patients including 12 bilateral cases. Four implants failed (two in each group) and a total of six patients were lost to follow-up. Statistical analysis of sinus floor height revealed no significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups at baseline nor at 180 days after augmentation. There was no statistical difference in sinus floor height gain between the two groups as supported by the 90% confidence intervals of the difference between groups. Good primary implant stability was confirmed in both treatment groups by ITV and ISQ measurements. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that OMSFE using in situ hardening BCP particles results in equivalent sinus floor height gain than using xenograft particles but offers an easier application.

A 28-year-old female presented with an incidentally detected mediastinal mass, found on routine chest X-ray. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) was advised to plan course of further management. FDG-PET/CT findings were suggestive of an FDG-avid soft-tissue mass in the left posterior mediastinum in paravertebral location with left pleural effusion. Overall, PET/CT scan findings favored the possibility of a nerve sheath tumor. However, histopathology along with immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of Castleman disease.

Early diagnosis is imperative for adequate management of patients with osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), which is usually a result of rapid shifts of osmolality secondary to rapid correction of hyponatremia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with its special sequences is the investigation of choice for early detection of the osmotic changes in the brain. We report a case of clinically suspected ODS with noncontributory MRI and positive fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) scan with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis, which localized the focal hypermetabolism in the basal ganglia, thalamus, pons, and cerebellum.

The aim of this case report is to describe the oral rehabilitation of a young patient of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (ED) with maxillary and mandibular complete dentures. Such patients often present with poor aesthetics, mastication, and social behavior. Treatment resulted in an improvement of esthetics, function and psychology of the patient. Children with EDs do not have normal patterns of growth and a risk and benefit analysis must be made to access the value of implant placement. Replacement of teeth by implants is usually restricted to patients with completed craniofacial growth.