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Esthetics has become an integral part of prosthesis. Prosthetic rehabilitation of a completely or partially edentulous patient no longer confines to only replacement of missing teeth but has expanded to the enhancement of esthetics by various treatment modalities. Dentist needs to be updated with the various treatment options for providing proper functioning with pleasing esthetics. This article aims to provide with an easily constructed, inexpensive, and practical removable prosthesis to optimize the esthetic and functional outcomes in the special situations, while permitting cleansability of the prosthesis and supporting tissues.

Aging and a long period of edentulousness causes resorption of the maxillary residual ridge, resulting in narrowing of the arch and loss of facial muscle support that leads to the sunken appearance of cheeks. In completely edentulous patients, though the conventional complete denture does offer provision to the muscles encircling the mouth, yet the cheek plumber prosthesis is required to improve the muscle tone. This case report highlights the advantages and the sequential steps required in the indigenous method of fabricating a hollow cheek plumper appliance for a completely edentulous patient with a sunken appearance.

Ultra-low frequency transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (ULF-TENS) is one of the therapeutic devices used for relaxation of orofacial musculature by the use of low frequency, low current stimulation of the certain branches of trigeminal and facial nerve. Complete denture fabrication is the most widely used modality for rehabilitation of completely edentulous maxillary and mandibular arches. Numerous efforts and techniques have been introduced to improve retention and stability of prosthesis, in order to improve form, function, esthetics, phonetics, and health of the patient. These include modifications in impression making and cameo surface recording to improve the adaptation of the prosthesis. Accurate tracing of functional borders during border molding and recording cameo surface of the prosthesis using ULF-TENS in patients with poor neuromuscular incoordination can play an important role in improving the stability and enhance the performance of the masticatory system. This clinical report describes recording of border molding and cameo surface using ULF-TENS in a completely edentulous patient, resulting in enhanced adaptation with adjacent stomatognathic system.

A successful complete denture depends on the principles of retention, stability, and support. The skill here lies in the application of these principles proficiently in various difficult situations. Extremely resorbed maxillary edentulous ridges that show increased inter-ridge space provide lesser support, retention, and stability. The denture weighing more only compromises them further. This article discusses a case report of an edentulous patient having resorbed ridges where a simple yet effective technique of fabrication a lightweight maxillary complete denture effectively.

Background: With the advent of immediate single-stage implant placement, the edentulous patient can receive replacement in the same surgical visit, thereby reducing the time that has elapsed between tooth extraction and implant placement. There is a scarcity of literature that assesses patient's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of dental students toward immediate implant placement, therefore the need of the study. Materials and Methods: A multiple-choice questionnaire consisting of 12 questions was framed and distributed to dentists between January 2019 and June 2019 from all the dental clinics in Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, who have entered their clinical practice with the primary objective to determine their KAP toward loading protocols of immediate and delayed implants. Results: Thirty-one percent of the respondents are aware of loading protocols of immediate implants and delayed loading and 69% were not aware of immediate implant procedures. Conclusion: Although dental implants have changed the outlook of dentistry in the past few decades, the knowledge and practice of implants by dental practitioners in Dhanbad is still limited, and there is a need to improve the same.

When the mouth opening is restricted, it can hinder the successful dental treatment. This limited mouth opening may be due to some surgical treatment, oral submucous fibrosis, temporomandibular joint disorder, burns, space infections, trauma, neoplasm, radiotherapy, and scleroderma. This case report describes the simplified prosthodontic management of a completely edentulous patient with limited mouth opening by providing sectional maxillary and mandibular dentures joined by hinges.

Accurate recording and duplicating of posterior palatal seal is the vital procedure which contributes to the success in denture retention and subsequent treatment of edentulous patient. The responsibility of recording posterior palatal seal lies on the dentist and not the lab technician. The aim of this article is to supply adequate information on methods and importance of recording posterior palatal seal, problems encountered while recording posterior palatal seal for longevity of complete denture treatment.

Preprosthetic treatments are advocated in edentulous patients to enhance the denture bearing areas for good denture support. Most of the times the preprosthetic treatments are considered only in a surgical way. Ideally every edentulous patient undergoing complete denture treatment needs a non-surgical preprosthetic treatment. So that, the denture bearing area will be properly prepared before the denture construction. The present study was conducted on thirty completely edentulous male patients who had visited to our Institute for the treatment. Each patient was asked to massage with astringent gel on the denture bearing mucosa over a 4 weeks period. Exfoliative cytology was used to collect the surface cells from the palatal mucosa. First scrape was taken before the stimulation treatment was started. The second and third scrape was taken after the stimulation treatment with astringent gel for each patient. In this way total 90 scrapes were made and the each smear was stained with the Papanicolaou’s technique to examine under light microscope. About 100 cells were counted from each stained smear. The number of parabasal cells, intermediate cells and superficial cells were recorded to calculate the degree of keratinization. Statistical analysis was performed. A significant difference (p

Facial esthetics plays an important role in determining the psychology of patients. The loss of oral structures primarily affects the appearance in the lower half of the face. There are an increased rate of resorption of the alveolar ridges and a decrease in the muscle tonicity, both of which leads to sinking of cheeks. Rehabilitating a completely edentulous patient not only dentally but also facially will bring about an esthetic change. This leads to an increase in the patient's self-confidence and their social interactions. This clinical report introduces a simple noninvasive cost-effective technique to improve the dental and facial appearance using a detachable cheek plumper which is attached to the denture by neodymium close-field magnets.

Functional limitation, compromised esthetics, and poor quality of life are few of the consequences of missing teeth. Partial edentulism can be treated by either fixed or removable prosthesis. In compromised abutment situations, tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses are not indicated and patient satisfaction is low with a removable prosthesis. In such cases, implant-supported fixed dental prostheses help in restoring both the function and esthetic demands of the patient. The present case report describes a case of full-mouth rehabilitation in a partially edentulous situation with implant and tooth-supported restoration.

The correct orientation of the occlusal plane is the first and one of the important steps while recording jaw relationships in an edentulous patient. One of the most popular methods is to orient the occlusal plane to interpupillary line anteriorly and ala-tragus lines posteriorly which is usually accomplished by repetitive adjustment of the maxillary rim until a hand-held Fox's plane appears to be parallel to these lines. However, this process is time-consuming and error-prone. The eventual plane is almost always an educated guess, and this can be difficult for a new student. The device presented in this article marks the occlusal plane on wax rims parallel to interpupillary line anteriorly and the ala-tragus lines posteriorly, and thus, occlusal plane can be oriented in one simple step, thereby saving time and increasing efficiency of the operator.

Aim: The complete denture fracture of denture may ruin the routine life of an edentulous patient. The aim of the present study was to propose and evaluate a new classification system for denture fractures. Settings and Design: Cross sectional -Survey. Materials and Methods: Ten dental laboratories in Delhi and the National Capital Region participated in the study for 2 years. The accurate assessment of fractured dentures received in the laboratories for repairs was done. A questionnaire with complete information along with photographs was used to classify the denture fracture. Statistical Analysis Used: Percentage (proportion) statistical test. Results: Out of 620 dentures, 164 (94 maxillary and 70 mandibular) were found with previous repair, soft liners, metal frame, or wire reinforcements which were excluded from the study. In the present study, 456 dentures were considered (256 maxillary and 200 mandibular). Class I fracture (midline) was the most common in both maxillary and mandibular dentures (46.87% in maxillary and 61% in mandibular) with high significance (P < 0.001). Class II and Class V were the second most common pattern of fracture in mandibular and maxillary dentures, respectively. There was no single case of Class III fracture for the mandibular dentures, and Class IV was the least common among the maxillary dentures. Conclusions: This study encourages further clinical studies for validation and reliability evaluation of proposed new classification system.

Treating edentulous mandibular fracture is difficult in elderly patients due to compromised medical condition of the patient and various contraindications for the surgical approach. The complication rate of infection or malunion is higher compared to fractures in younger, dentulous patients. For such conditions, ‘Gunning splint’ is a better option as it provides close reduction and stabilization of mandibular fracture, thus improving the prognosis.

Emphasis on facial esthetics has become an integral part of dental treatment. Prosthetic rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient no longer confines to only replacement of missing teeth. Patients are increasingly demanding improvement in esthetics at the end of treatment. Slumped or hollow cheeks can add years to a person’s age. This article has described a simple, effective and noninvasive treatment alternative to improve facial appearance in a completely edentulous patient with hollow cheeks by making use of detachable plumper prosthesis using customised attachments.

Dentists have a large role in geriatric health care for the ever increasing elderly population with associated physical and neurological disorders. According to the World Health Organization, between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years will nearly double from 12% to 22%. Huntington's disease is a rare neurodegenerative, adult-onset familial disorder, which can affect both men and women. Poor oral hygiene and increased susceptibility to dental caries and periodontal diseases predispose them to early edentulism. Providing an effective dental prosthesis will alleviate functional, esthetic, and psychological disabilities of the patient. This case report explains the steps involved in the complete denture rehabilitation of a patient with Huntington's disease, with some modification of techniques and materials to suit the special situation.

The success of complete denture relies on the principles of retention, stability, and support. Increased interridge space, long lip length, and resorbed ridges lead to a heavy-weighted prosthesis which transmits the leverage forces, hence affecting the retention, stability, and support. This article describes the case of a completely edentulous patient with increased interridge space, which was successfully rehabilitated with a hollow denture by simplified technique.

The rehabilitation of a patient in the Kennedy class IV situation demands biomechanical balance and aesthetic improvement. The long-span condition complicates the problem because of the unavailability of sufficient number of abutments to support the prosthesis. Conventional removable prosthesis and fixed partial denture are not advised for the same reason. This report describes a novel technique for the fabrication of a custom attachment to retain prosthesis. An acrylic resin removable partial denture (RPD) is retained by a custom attachment. The patrix part of the custom attachment is fabricated using molar bands, prefabricated circumferential clasp, and straight die pins. The matrix part of the attachment is constituted by the plastic sleeves of the straight die pins, which are embedded inside the tissue-fitting surface of the prosthesis. This article describes an inexpensive custom attachment for rehabilitating the long-span Kennedy class IV situation. The entire technique is reversible, inexpensive, and demands less skill compared to semi-precision and precision attachments.

One of the most challenging and demanding maxillofacial endeavours is the construction of functional dental prosthesis for an edentulous patient who has undergone a mandibular resection. A hemimandibulectomy can have many debilitating consequences such as eccentric occlusion, a disoriented masticatory cycle, facial disfigurement, distorted speech and salivation problems. There are many treatment options for restoring the defect like guiding flange prosthesis, conventional acrylic removable partial prosthesis, cast partial dental prosthesis etc; implants today are a better treatment option as it provides good retention, stability and support for a prosthesis. This case report presents the management of the Hemimandibulectomy patient with implant retained overdenture.

Objective: Oral rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient is essential to improve the patients self-esteem and self-confidence through the fabrication of conventional or implant supported overdentures. To achieve this, there is a need to restore the natural appearance of the patient through appropriate anterior tooth selection which requires reliable guidelines. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the correlation and evaluate the reliability of the interalar width to intercanine distance and intercommissural distance to the distal aspects of the canines in the selection of maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: Two-hundred individuals who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The four parameters such as interalar width, intercanine distance, intercommissural width, and distance between distal aspects of canines were measured. The data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: The results revealed that the mean values for interalar width and intercanine distance in males were 3.852 and 3.538 cm, respectively, and in females, it was 3.396 and 3.402 cm, respectively. In addition, the mean values for intercommissural width and distance between the distal aspects of canines were 4.921 and 3.913 cm in males, respectively. In females, it was 4.590 and 3.740 cm, respectively. In males and females, the correlation between interalar width and the difference between the intercanine distance and interalar width is statistically highly significant (in males r = 0.707, in females r = 0.619). Correlation of difference of intercommissural width and the distance between the distal aspects of the canines with the average of intercommissural width is statistically significant (in males r = 0.777, in females r = 0.712). Conclusion: A correlation was observed between the interalar distance and the intercanine distance and also between the intercommissural distance and the distance between the distal aspects of canines. Clinical Relevance To Interdisciplinary Dentistry It is the dentists' responsibility to preserve the natural dignity of advancing age while fabricating a complete denture prosthesis, with appropriate and careful selection and arrangement of teeth As it is difficult to determine the dimensions of the maxillary anterior teeth for an edentulous patient when preextraction records are not available, other guidelines must be taken into consideration and the development and implementation of an esthetic proforma to guide the dentist and patient may be essential One area of prime concern may be to determine correlations and relationships between interalar width and intercommissural width with the mesiodistal width of upper anterior teeth which can be interpreted as a useful guide in clinical practice.

Magnets have been used widely in the field of dentistry for many years with some success, as they can be manufactured in small dimensions as retentive devices in overdenture technique, maxillofacial prosthesis, and obturators. Unlike mechanical attachments, magnets have potential for unlimited durability and might, therefore, be superior to mechanical ball or bar attachments for the retention of removable prostheses. The present article demonstrates the rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with the help of magnetic assembly mandibular overdenture and maxillary conventional removable partial denture. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted to retain the remaining teeth in the mandibular arch with the help of endodontic treatment (root canal treatment) followed by prosthetic rehabilitation.

The functionally generated pathway (FGP) technique consists of registering the occlusal pathways of the posterior teeth in the functional wax and has been classically described as the three-dimensional static expression of dynamic tooth movement. This clinical report describes the treatment of a partially edentulous patient, with a cast removable partial denture, in which occlusion was developed using the FGP procedure. The FGP technique utilizes the patient's masticatory system to develop occlusion and has the advantages of being simple, accurate, and reliable. If the FGP technique is properly accomplished, only minor intraoral occlusal adjustments are necessary. This article described a technique of developing the FGP occlusion for a patient with cast partial denture with Kennedy's Class III edentulous mandibular arch. CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY The FGP is highly versatile technique of developing the occlusion-pattern in the removable and fixed dental prostheses including implant restorations. It can be employed with equal efficacy in fabrication of relatively simple restorations such as a single crown, or more complex full mouth reconstructions.

Presence of teeth in one arch makes it difficult for the operator to fabricate a single denture on the edentulous arch due to altered occlusal schemes, supraerupted teeth and resorbed edentulous ridges. Natural teeth should be preserved but at the same time one should be aware that the edentulous ridge may be destroyed by forces exerted against the denture support. In this case the occlusal correction of the mandibular teeth is done using an acrylic template. Along with replacement of missing teeth emphasis, should be on improvement of facial esthetics. Slumped cheeks are unaesthetic and add to the person’s age. This case shows a way to improve facial aesthetics and function in a maxillary single arch edentulous patient. The missing teeth in the lower arch were rehabilitated with fixed partial denture.

The overdenture is a removable prosthesis that is supported by both selectively retained teeth and the residual ridge or mucosa. It is a versatile and successful means of achieving long-term restoration of a partially edentulous jaw. Insertion and removal of the denture and routine oral hygiene are easy to perform. The beneficial results of this form of treatment can be considered for a wide variety of clinical applications for the severely advanced periodontitis case. This paper presents a case report on the prosthetic rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with a telescopic overdenture for the mandible and conventional complete denture for the maxilla.

The stomatognathic system is a complicated structure, and patients usually adapt to their existing vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). Therefore, prosthetic rehabilitation of decreased VDO should be considered only when dictated by esthetic or functional requirements. Successful rehabilitation of these patients may present us with a huge challenge of a lack of restorative space. Careful and comprehensive treatment planning is required for each individual patient. The important aspect is to find the most comfortable position for the patient. In this case a bite raising splint was used after the decision of increasing VD by anatomical landmark, facial and physiologic measurement. Once the compatibility of the new VD had been confirmed, interim fixed restoration and the permanent reconstruction was initiated. In this case report, a satisfactory clinical result was achieved by restoring the VD with an improvement in esthetics and function.

Developments in adhesive dentistry have provided the dental profession with new restorative materials and technology to restore esthetics and function to the missing anterior dentition. This phenomenon has been both a boon and a bane to the profession. Over the counter products, media-driven treatment plans, as well as dentists eager to please, have formed a triad with little regard for the risk/benefit calculus of dental rehabilitation. Interdisciplinary treatment planning, knowledge of available restorative materials, sequencing treatment modalities, and adequate communication between the disciplines involved are a key to a successful treatment outcome when pursuing restorative rehabilitation. Clinical Relevance To Interdisciplinary Dentistry This clinical report describes the challenges faced in the prosthetic rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient to achieve a successful restoration in terms of biomechanics, function, and esthetics.

The success of a complete denture relies on the principles of retention, stability, and support. The prosthodontist skill lies in applying these principles efficiently in critical situations. Severely resorbed maxillary edentulous ridges that are narrow and constricted with increased interridge space provide decreased support, retention, and stability. The consequent weight of the processed denture only compromises them further. This article describes a case report of an edentulous patient with resorbed ridges, where a simplified technique of fabricating a hollow maxillary complete denture was used for preservation of denture bearing areas.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a precancerous condition. It causes difficulty in swallowing, chewing and speaking due to the presence of microstomia. Limited mouth opening is considered as a hindrance in prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient. Special impression procedures and techniques should be considered for making an impression in such cases. This article describes the fabrication of a split impression tray to make a secondary impression of an edentulous patient having OSMF.

Residual ridge resorption is the reduction in size of the bony ridge under the mucoperiosteum. The rate of resorption is more in mandibular arch as compared to the maxillary arch; but severely atrophic maxillae with large inter-ridge distance often pose a clinical challenge during fabrication of complete denture due to decreased support, retention and stability. This clinical report describes successful rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient with atrophic ridges using hollow maxillary complete denture.

The crown- and sleeve-coping denture is a removable prosthesis that is supported by both selectively retained teeth and the residual ridge or mucosa. It is a versatile and successful means of achieving long-term restoration of a partially edentulous jaw. Insertion and removal of the denture and routine oral hygiene are easy to perform. The beneficial results of this form of treatment can be considered for a wide variety of clinical applications for the severely advanced periodontitis case. This paper presents a case report on the prosthetic rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with a telescopic overdenture for the mandible and complete denture for the maxilla.

The mastication, phonation and esthetics: The trident factors are very important and should be given due consideration when any dental procedure is initiated to achieve the successful outcome of treatment. The prosthetic management of edentulous patient has long been a major challenge for dentistry. For well over a century, complete maxillary and mandibular denture have been the traditional standard of care. However, most of the patients report significantly more problems adapting to their mandibular denture due to a lack of comfort (e.g., they suffer from an increase in pain and soreness), retention, stability and inability to chew and eat. Recent scientific studies carried out over the past decade have determined that the benefits of a mandibular two implant over denture/coping retained are sufficient to propose the two implant over denture - rather than conventional denture - as the first treatment option. This in the prosthodontics literature has led to shift in therapeutic philosophy regarding restoration of the edentulous patient. This article presents four and two tooth supported conventional over denture - two case reports.

Magnets have been used widely in the field of dentistry for many years with some success, as they can be manufactured in small dimensions as retentive devices in overdenture technique, maxillofacial prosthesis, and obturators. These magnets are attached with remaining root structure or osseointegrated implants which transfer the occlusal load to the bone through the periodontal ligament of the retained roots, thereby prevent resorption of remaining alveolar bone proper and inter-radicular bone present around the roots. In this article, the use of magnetic assembly in fabrication of mandibular overdenture on retained roots and a conventional maxillary removable partial denture is discussed. Magnetic assembly consists of magnet and coping with a keeper on the remaining tooth structure since magnetic attachments can provide support, stability, and retention. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry The present article demonstrates the rehabilitation of partially edentulous patient with the help of magnetic assembly mandibular overdenture and maxillary conventional removable partial denture. Clinical presentation showed few remaining teeth in relation to the mandibular ridge. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted to retain the remaining teeth in the mandibular arch with the help of endodontic treatment (root canal treatment) followed by prosthetic rehabilitation.

The success of a complete denture relies on the principles of retention, stability and support. The prosthodontist skill lies in applying these principles efficiently in critical situations. Severely resorbed maxillary edentulous ridges that are narrow and constricted with increased inter ridge space provide decreased support, retention and stability. The consequent weight of the processed denture only compromises them further. This article describes a case report of an edentulous patient with resorbed ridges where a simplified technique of fabricating a hollow maxillary complete denture using lost salt technique was used for preservation of denture bearing areas. The hollowing of the denture reduces the weight of the denture, thereby enhancing stability and retention, reducing the further resorption of the jaws.

The success of a complete denture relies on the principles of retention, stability and support. The prosthodontist's skill lies in applying these principles efficiently in critical situations. Severely resorbed maxillary edentulous ridges that are narrow and constricted with increased inter ridge space provide decreased support, retention and stability. The consequent weight of the processed denture only compromises them further. This article describes a case report of an edentulous patient with resorbed ridges where a simplified technique of fabricating a light weight maxillary complete denture was used for preservation of denture bearing areas.

Restoring the edentulous patient with an esthetic and functional reconstruction may present numerous challenges to the clinician. The patient's occlusal vertical dimension, centric relation, esthetics and phonetics need to be determined and maintained throughout the restorative process. This clinical report describes the fabrication of implant supported fixed prosthesis and implant-tissue supported overdenture with low-profile attachments and its step-by-step approach to provide an esthetic result for a patient with limited inter-arch space.

Xerostomia is a clinical condition caused by a decrease in the production of saliva. It may present itself as a local symptom, as part of a systemic disease, as side effects of medications or following therapeutic radiation to the head and neck regions. Xerostomia can lead to difficulties during management in patients receiving prosthodontic treatment. The comfort and retention of removable dentures depends largely on the physical properties and the lubricating ability of the saliva and dry mucosa. To help overcome this problem, various techniques have been proposed for incorporating reservoirs that contain salivary substitutes into dentures. These techniques have had varying degrees of success. This paper presents the management of a patient suffering from xerostomia who was successfully treated by providing reservoir denture made by dual flasking method. This technique resulted in a reservoir denture that provided good lubrication for the tissues, was hygienic, and was made from routine denture base material.

Congenital large intraoral defects are amenable to prosthodontic rehabilitation as surgical procedure alone cannot restore the function of residual palatal tissues. This study presents the case report of a partially edentulous patient with congenital cleft palate (Veau's Class III). The procedure for fabrication of definitive velopharyngeal obturator attached to conventional removable partial denture is described.

Modern dentistry aims to return patients to normal oral health and function in a predictable fashion. The selection of the ­available therapy has a substantial influence on the level of quality with which this objective can be met. Satisfying a completely edentulous patient is always considered a difficult task. Various treatment options for rehabilitation of the completely edentulous patient are available: conventional complete denture, overdenture, implant-supported overdenture and full-arch fixed implant-supported prostheses. The patient's function while wearing a complete denture may be reduced to 60% compared with that previously experienced with natural dentition; however, implant prosthesis may return the function to near normal limits. This clinical report presents rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient who was not satisfied with his existing conventional complete dentures. The patient was rehabilitated using full-arch implant-supported fixed ceramometal prostheses. The final treatment result provided the patient with esthetically and functionally efficient prostheses.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis is a disease condition considered to be pre-cancerous in nature. Its malignant predilection has been extensively studied by Pindborg and Sirsat. According to a study, this disease condition is found to be in 4 in 1000 adults in rural India with the incidence of malignant transformation ranging from 3-19%. As it occurs chiefly in southern India, we as dental surgeons specifically in Karnataka region often come across such patients, due to the prevalence of betel nut chewing and lack of awareness among the general population. A clinical case in which the patient presented with Oral Submucous Fibrosis along with complete edentulism and salivary gland hypo function is discussed. In this report, a patient with Oral Submucous Fibrosis and related problems in prosthodontic rehabilitation is presented and a technique that improves retention, stability and maximizes functional esthetic and comfort aspects with a conservative approach is highlighted.

The crown and sleeve coping denture is a removable prosthesis that is supported by both selectively retained teeth and the residual ridge or mucosa. It is a versatile and successful means of achieving the long-term restoration of the partially edentulous jaw. Insertion and removal of the denture and routine oral hygiene are easy to perform. The beneficial results of this form of treatment can be considered for a whole variety of clinical applications for the severely advanced periodontitis case. This paper presents a case report on the prosthetic rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with a combined fixed-removable denture for the maxilla and a flexible denture for the mandible.

Establishing the correct occlusal plane after loss of natural teeth, is an arduous task. So a study was done with the following objective: To establish the occlusal plane in the edentulous patient and also to relate the occlusal plane to the maxillo-mandibular space length and height with the aid of cephalometrics. Materials and Methods: In this study the subjects were divided into two categories (a) Dentulous having Angle's class 1 occlusion (b) Edentulous with conventionally fabricated complete dentures. Lead foils were placed at predetermined positions on the mandibular dentures and then lateral cephalograms were taken. Cephalometric analysis was done and different angular measurements were recorded. After that depending upon average values of the height and length of the maxillary-mandibular space, all the subjects in each category were again divided into four groups. Results: Our results indicated that there is significant correlation between occluso-maxillary plane and maxillo-mandibular space length and height. Conclusion: This study can prove helpful for extensive oral rehabilitation cases.

This article presents a case report of a completely edentulous patient with palatal insufficiency successfully rehabilitated with closed hollow bulb obturator prosthesis and also describes a simple technique for fabricating a two-piece hollow bulb obturator that allows for control of the bulb's wall thickness and weight of the prosthesis.

Velopharyngeal incompetence is the functional inability of the soft palate to effect complete seal with the posterior and/or lateral pharyngeal walls. Rehabilitation of velopharyngeal incompetence in cleft palate patients is challenging for both surgical and prosthetic fields. A prosthodontist can best contribute to the total care of the patient with cleft palate by participating all the phases of treatment from birth to the completion of growth. Here, a case report has been presented in which complete denture with a hollow pharyngeal bulb prosthesis has been used for rehabilitation of an edentulous patient having cleft of soft palate.

Making impressions is an important part of every dental practice; it's often overlooked in both its importance and economic impact on our practices. An efficient and predictable preliminary impression often yields to well fitting prosthesis. To achieve similar goals, clinical tip is presented herein utilizing a combination of materials.

The choice of a suitable prosthesis for a specific case is determined to a great extent by the number, position and salvagability of the existing teeth as well as the mucosa and underlying residual bone. Also of significance are the expectations and demands of the patient from the prosthesis. The following case report discusses the rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with an Implant retained, tooth and mucosa supported mandibular removable partial denture against conventional maxillary removable partial denture.