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Background: Physical activity is one of the important factors affecting glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). During COVID-19 pandemic the government imposed restrictions to prevent the spread of COVID and physical activity of children was curtailed. We assessed the physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions (from September 2020 to September 2021) and its association with their glycemic control. Methods: 48 children with T1DM receiving treatment in paediatric endocrinology outpatient department (OPD), AIIMS, New Delhi were enrolled. Socio-clinical data were collected using pre-validated and tested self-structured tool, physical activity was assessed using global physical activity questionnaire and glycemic control was assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and compared to baseline level before the onset of pandemic. Results: Among 48 children (11.2±3.7 years, 25 M: 23 F), 79.2% fulfilled the 60 minutes’ requirement of physical activity/day. Moderate negative correlation was found in recommended physical activity duration and HbA1c during COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was a significant increase in the HbA1C level from 7.6±1.5 to 8.5±1.8 during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: There was a moderate negative correlation between duration of physical activity and HbA1c of children. In spite of restrictions imposed by the government, children who were physically active were able to maintain good glycemic control. Although there was significant increase in the mean HbA1c of children during COVID-19 pandemic but the percentage of hyperglycemic events was significantly lower among the children who had walked/rode bicycle for going from one place to another and who had more rooms to play at home had good glycemic control.

COVID -19, a global pandemic, has dominated every person’s life worldwide. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic, mild symptomatic to fulminant and fatal cases, having consequences for many organ systems. In a cross-sectional study, 128 healthcare workers of a tertiary care medical college hospital, 4 weeks following the COVID infection agreed to participate in the study. Self-developed subject data sheet and the self-reporting symptoms tool based on the WHO case report form were used for data collection. A significant number of health care workers (HCWs) had long COVID symptomatology in terms of constitutional, muscular-skeletal, respiratory, otolaryngology, and CNS symptoms. The commonly experienced symptoms were myalgia (45.3%), malaise (39%), fatigue and tiredness (69.5%), loss of taste (21.1%), loss of smell (20.3%) and night sweats (11.7%), lack of sleep (20.3%), and anxiety (12.5%). The cardiovascular and integumentary were the less affected organ systems. About one-third of the HCWs reported that symptoms like myalgia, malaise and tiredness got worse after physical activity (29.7%). Aggravation of symptoms with any form of mental activity was reported in 11.7% of the study participants. One in every ten HCWs (12.5%) had reported not being able to perform daily activities that they were doing before getting COVID-19 infection. However, all resumed their job after the recovery. Long COVID symptoms were reported by a significant number of HCWs, necessitating the need for the establishment of follow-up clinics for the care of healthcare workers.

Background: Any unwanted changes to mucous membrane, skin, its appendages and drug eruptions related adverse events are known as adverse cutaneous drug reaction (ACDR). It has 2-5% incidence in developing countries. The current study was undertaken to analyse adverse cutaneous drug reactions spectrum clinically, drugs responsible, assessment of causality, severity, and preventability in our setup.Methods: Current study was an observational, retrospective, non-interventional analysis of voluntarily reported ADRs forms, between April 2018 and January 2020. All cutaneous ADRs reported within this period were identified. Data obtained were expressed in numbers, percentages.Results: 130 cutaneous ADRs was reported during the period of study. Fixed drug eruptions (30%) was the most common cutaneous reaction. The most common causal drug groups were antimicrobials (58.5%). Amongst antimicrobials, ornidazole (8.5%) was the most common drug. The most common drug in NSAID group was paracetamol (14.6%). The major drug causing ACDRs in our study was Paracetamol (14.6%). Assessment of causality revealed 37.7% were probable and 62.3% were possible reactions. Assessment of severity showed 78.5% as mild and 21.5% as moderate. Assessment of preventability showed that 6.1% probably preventable and 93.9% not preventable.Conclusions: Knowledge of the pattern of cutaneous reactions and the causative drugs guides us in early diagnosis of the condition, better management and associated decrease in morbidity, mortality. In the current study, the most common causal drug group were antimicrobials. The most common morphological pattern and drug causing ACDRs were fixed drug eruptions and paracetamol, respectively.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia are major risk factor for its complication like neuropathy. Since there is no definite treatment for diabetic neuropathy, this study aims to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on diabetic neuropathy in high fat diet with low dose streptozotocin induced type-2 DM model in wistar albino rats.Methods: First type 2 diabetic rat model was established. Wistar albino rats, fed with high-fat diet (HFD) rendered diabetic with streptozotocin, were divided into 6 groups, disease control (DC) treated with vehicle, standard control (SC) which received metformin, test groups treated with 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg b.w. of resveratrol and combination of half dose of metformin and resveratrol (10 mg/kg) (TC). A group of six normal animals served as normal control (NC), another six as HFD control. Fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile were measured one week after induction of diabetes. The animals were then treated orally for 2 weeks after which the same parameters were repeated. Behavioral biomarkers for neuropathy are measured in 4 weeks and 6 weeks of treatment. The in-vivo results were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test for biochemical parameters and Kruskal Wallis test followed by Dun’s multiple comparison test for behavioral biomarkers.Results: Increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), deranged lipid profile, increased neuropathy in DC compared to NC, HFD control while a significant decrease in FBG, improved pain behavior with SC, test groups (p

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the prime causes of morbidity and mortality, increase in hospital stay and socioeconomic burden on the patients. Periodic monitoring aids in formulating methods for safe usage of medicines in hospitals. This study was undertaken to study the patterns, assessment of causality, severity, preventability, body systems affected from ADRs received by the Pharmacovigilance cell, Department of Pharmacology between April 2018 to June 2019.Methods: The present study is an observational, retrospective, non-interventional analysis of voluntarily reported ADRs. Demography of patients, causative drugs, reactions, outcome, and severity are recorded. Data were analysed and expressed in numbers, percentages.Results: A total of 180 ADRs were spontaneously reported. Dermatology (42.8%), psychiatry (23.9%) and general medicine (18.3%) are the major departments reporting ADRs in our hospital. 60.6% reports were in males. The body system with maximum reactions is dermatological (51.1%). Drug class most commonly affected is anti-microbials (36.1%). Paracetamol (8.9%) is the most common drug with reactions. Causality assessment stated that 41.7% ADRs are probable and 58.3% were possible. Severity assessment showed 86.7% as mild and 13.3% as moderate. Preventability assessment stated that 93.3% ADRs not preventable, 5.6% probably preventable and 1.1% definitely preventable.Conclusions: The study provides a valuable insight with regards to the pattern of ADRs in our hospital. This will be useful in initiating a reporting culture, increase awareness, reducing under-reporting of ADR in our set up.

Background: Nursing staffs spend most time in patient care and are bedside caregivers. To expect voluntary reporting of adverse reactions, it is essential that they possess proper knowledge, right attitude and practice reporting. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance towards ADRs reporting.Methods: A prospective, cross sectional, observational, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among nurses in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India. Questionnaire containing 15 questions was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice. The questionnaire was administered to 150 nurses. Analysis of data was done using statistical software..Results: The response rate in our study was 86.67%. Nurses have good knowledge of pharmacovigilance and adverse reaction. However, only 10% have reported an adverse reaction in our study. This shows that in spite of having a good knowledge of reporting, nurses have poor attitude, which is reflected by a low reporting rate. Nurses opined that taking patient care is of prime importance than report an adverse reaction. This corroborates the low reporting rate in our set up.Conclusions: Majority of nurses have good knowledge on pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction. The concern remains on the low reporting rate. Continuous training programmes, and reminders likely to enhance the voluntary reporting from the nursing staffs.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease. One of the pathophysiology is found to be oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on oxidative stress in high fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats, fed with HFD rendered diabetic with streptozotocin, were divided into 6 groups, namely the diabetic control treated with vehicle (DC), standard control which received metformin (SC), test groups treated with 5,10, and 20 mg/kg b.w. of resveratrol and combination of half dose of metformin and resveratrol (10 mg/kg)(TC). A group of six normal animals served as normal control (NC), another six as HFD control. Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and serum MDA and SOD were measured one week after induction of diabetes. The animals were then treated orally for 2 weeks after which the same parameters were repeated. The in-vivo results were analysed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.Results: The DC group demonstrated a increase in the fasting blood glucose compared to NC, HFD control while a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose was observed with SC, Test groups (p

Background: The prognostic implications and significance of hypoalbuminemia after surgical intervention is significant. In this study, we assess the predictive value of preoperative serum albumin level on postoperative morbidity and mortality following surgical intervention in acute abdomen. Methods: In this retrospective study, Medical records of 110 patients with estimated preoperative serum albumin level undergoing exploratory laparotomy with acute abdominal conditions in a tertiary health care centre were reviewed. Patients with record of preoperative serum albumin level were reviewed. Albumin less than 3.2 g/dL was recognized as hypoalbuminemia. Types of surgery, postoperative complications, and mortality rates were collected. The association between preoperative serum albumin level and postoperative morbidity and mortality was assessed. Results: Preoperative serum albumin level of 3.2g/dl was found in 33 (30%) cases and 77 (70%) patients had same or less than 3.2g/dl albumin. Patients with preoperative serum albumin less than 3.2 g/dL had complications in 50 (45.5%) cases than that of normal preoperative albumin levels (07: 5.5%; p= 3.2g/dl and 28 cases with less than 3.2g/dl (p= 3.2g/dl serum albumin against 20 cases (25%) with less than 3.2g/dl. (p=0.0187; 95% CI=0.066-0.997). Conclusions: Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications after emergency laparotomy.

World of sports have been rocked by doping scandals every now and then and World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA) has banned several offending drugs at different times to counter this menace. Meldonium is the recent addition to the long list of drugs banned by WADA to prevent its misuse among the athletes. Meldonium is a carnitine synthesis inhibitor and has been approved by some European countries for the management of cardiac diseases like angina pectoris and congestive cardiac failure. Apart from these, it has numerous other indications like bronchial asthma, bronchitis and retinopathies. It had also been used by athletes across the world because of its presumptive role in increasing the performance.